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Tony Moreno
Antonio "Tony" Moreno (September 26, 1887 - February 16, 1967) was a notable actor and film director of the silent film era and through the 1950s.
Born Antonio Garride Monteagudo in Madrid, Spain, he emigrated to the United States at the age of fourteen and settled in Massachusetts, where he completed his education. After attending the Williston Seminary in Northampton, Massachusetts, he became a stage actor in regional theater productions. In 1912 he moved to Hollywood, California and was signed to Vitagraph Studious and began his career in bit parts and as a movie extra.
In 1914 Moreno began co-starring in a series of highly successful serials opposite the enormously publicly popular silent film actress Pearl White; These appearances helped to increase Moreno's popularity with the nation's nascent film-goers. By 1915 Antonio Moreno was a highly regarded matinee idol and appearing opposite such successful actors as Tyrone Power, Sr. , Gloria Swanson, Blanche Sweet, Pola Negri and Dorothy Gish. Moreno was often typecaste in his earliest films as the "Latin Lover", as were other actors of the era such as Ramon Novarro and Rudolf Valentino with Latin roots.
By the early 1920s, Antonio Moreno joined film mogul Jesse Lasky's Famous Players and one of the company's most highly paid performers. In 1926 Moreno starred opposite Swedish acting legend Greta Garbo in The Temptress and the following year followed up with a starring role in the enormous box-office hit Clara Bow vehicle It.
Moreno married American heiress Daisy Canfield Danziger in 1923, a union that lasted ten years and ended shortly before Canfield Danziger was killed in an automobile accident.
With the advent of talkies in the late 1920s and early 1930s Moreno's career began to sputter, in part because of his heavy Spanish accent. While still acting in English language films, Moreno also began taking parts in Mexican films. By the mid-1930s, Antonio Moreno began rebuilding his faultering Hollywood career by taking notable roles as a character actor. By the mid-1940s and throughout the 1950s, Moreno appeared in a number of well received roles, most notably, his 1954 role in the classic horror film Creature from the Black Lagoon and his 1955 role as Emilio Figueroa in film director John Ford's influential western epic The Searchers.
Moreno retired from film in the late 1950s and died of heart failure in Beverly Hills, California in 1967. His film career spanned more than four decades.
For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Antonio Moreno was given a star on the legendary Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6651 Hollywood Blvd., Hollywood, California, USA.
External links
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- Antonio Moreno at [http://www.goldensilents.com/stars/antoniomoreno.html Silents Are Golden]
Moreno, Antonio
Moreno, Antonio
Moreno, Antonio
Moreno, Antonio
Moreno, Antonio
Moreno, Antonio
18871887 is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar).
Events
- January 6 - `Abd-allah II of Harar opens the Battle of Chelenqo with an attack on the camp of the Shewan army of Negus Menelik II early in the morning; prepared for the assault, the Negus orders a counter-attack which routs the enemy, resulting with the capture of Harar a few days later.
- January 20 - The United States Senate allows the Navy to lease Pearl Harbor as a naval base.
- January 21 - The Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) is formed
- January 21 - Brisbane receives a daily rainfall of 465 millimetres - a record for any Australian capital city.
- January 26 - Battle of Dogali: Abyssinian troops defeat Italians
- January 28 - In a snowstorm at Fort Keogh, Montana, USA, the largest snowflakes on record are reported. They are 15 inches (38cm) wide and 8 inches (20cm) thick.
- February 2 - In Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania the first Groundhog Day is observed.
- February 5 - The Giuseppe Verdi opera Otello premieres at La Scala
- February 23 - The French Riviera is hit by a large earthquake, killing around 2,000.
- February 26 - At the SCG, George Lohmann becomes the first bowler to take eight wickets in a Test innings.
- March 3 - Anne Sullivan begins teaching Helen Keller
- March 4 - Gottlieb Daimler unveils his first automobile
- March 13 - Chester Greenwood patents earmuffs
- March 19 - Henry Cogswell College established by Henry D. Cogswell.
- April 4 - Argonia, Kansas elects Susanna M. Salter as the first female mayor in the United States.
- April 20 - George Bouton wins the worlds first motor racing contest: he is the only participant
- May 3 - Earthquake in Sonora, Mexico
- May 9 - Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show opens in London.
- June 8 - Herman Hollerith receives a patent for his punch card calculator.
- June 18 - The Reinsurance Treaty is closed between Germany and Russia.
- June 21 - Britain celebrates a Golden Jubilee, marking the 50th year of Queen Victoria's reign. [http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/page929.asp]
- June 23 - The Rocky Mountains Park Act becomes law in Canada, creating that nation's first national park, Banff National Park. [http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/cseh-twih/archives2_E.asp?id=25]
- June 28 - Minot, North Dakota is incorporated as a city.
- July 26 - L. L. Zamenhof publishes "Dr. Esperanto's International Language".
- July 27 - Giuseppe Peano marries Carola Crosio
- October 1 - British Empire takes over Baluchistan
- November 10 - Louis Linga, sentenced to be hanged for his alleged role in the Haymarket Riot bomb, kills himself by dynamite
- In London, police and left-wing demonstrators clash. One dead. One of the participants is George Bernard Shaw.
- November 11 - August Spies, Albert Parsons, Adolph Fischer, George Engel, Louis Lingg, Michael Schwab, and Samuel Fielden hanged for inciting riot and murder in the Haymarket Riot of May 4, 1886.
- December 25 - Glenfiddich single malt Scotch whisky first ran from the stills of Glenfiddich Distillery. The whisky is still produced today by William Grant & Sons.
Unknown dates
- L. L. Zamenhof completes the creation of the initial version of Esperanto
- U.S. National Institutes of Health founded
- Teachers College, later part of Columbia University, is founded
- Thomas Stevens is 1st man to bicycle around the world
- Michelson-Morley experiment is performed
- Gramophone patented by Emile Berliner
- The New Gate is built in Jerusalem
- Comptometer patented by Dorr Eugene Felt
- The first All-Ireland Hurling and Football Finals are held
- Suez Canal is declared neutral
- Japan annexes Iwo Jima
- Zululand becomes a British colony
- Yellow river floods in China - 900,000 dead
- British nurses association organized
- Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn founded
- Spandau Prison in Berlin finished
- Portugal abolishes death penalty for murder
- Heinrich Hertz discovers electromagnetism
- US congress passes the Interstate Commerce Act
Births
January
- January 1 - Wilhelm Canaris, head of German military intelligence in World War II (d. 1945)
- January 3 - August Macke, German painter (d. 1914)
- January 19 - Alexander Woollcott, American intellectual (d. 1943)
- January 21 - Maude Davis, Oldest Person in the World (d. 2002)
- January 28 - Arthur Rubinstein, Polish-born pianist and conductor (d. 1982)
February
- February 1 - Charles Nordhoff, English-born author (d. 1947)
- February 2 - Pat Sullivan, Australian director and producer of animated films (d. 1933)
- February 3 - Georg Trakl, Austrian poet (d. 1914)
- February 6 - Josef Frings, Archbishop of Cologne (d. 1978)
- February 10 - John Franklin Enders, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1985)
- February 11 - Ernst Hanfstängl, German-born pianist and U.S. politician (d. 1975)
- February 11 - John van Melle Dutch-born writer (d. 1953)
- February 17 - Leevi Madetoja, Finnish composer (d. 1947)
- February 18 - Nikos Kazantzakis, Greek poet (d. 1957)
- February 20 - Vincent Massey, Governor-General of Canada (d. 1967)
- February 26 - Grover Cleveland Alexander, baseball player (d. 1950)
March
- March 3 - Rupert Brooke, English poet (d. 1915)
- March 5 - Heitor Villa-Lobos, Brazilian composer (d. 1959)
- March 9 - Phil Mead, English cricketer (d. 1958)
- March 14 - Sylvia Beach, American publisher in Paris (d. 1952)
- March 22 - Chico Marx, American comedian and actor (d. 1961)
- March 23 - Juan Gris, Spanish-born painter and graphic artist (d. 1927)
- March 23 - Prince Felix Yussupov, Russian assassin of Rasputin (d. 1967)
- March 24 - Fatty Arbuckle, American actor (d. 1933)
April-May
- April 10 - Bernardo Houssay, Argentine physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
- May 2 - Eddie Collins, baseball player (d. 1951)
- May 5 - Geoffrey Fisher, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1972)
- May 11 - Paul Wittgenstein, Austrian-born pianist (d. 1951)
- May 26 - Paul Lukas, Hungarian-born actor (d. 1971)
- May 28 - Jim Thorpe, American athlete (d. 1953)
- May 31 - Saint-John Perse, French diplomat and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975)
June
- June 2 - Orrick Johns, American poet and playwright (d. 1946)
- June 22 - Julian Huxley, British biologist (d. 1975)
- June 25 - George Abbott, American playwright (d. 1995)
July
- July 7 - Marc Chagall, Russian-born painter (d. 1985)
- July 16 - Shoeless Joe Jackson, baseball player (d. 1951)
- July 18 - Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian politician and traitor (d. 1945)
- July 22 - Gustav Hertz, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975)
- July 28 - Marcel Duchamp, French-born artist (d. 1968)
- July 29 - Sigmund Romberg, Hungarian-born composer (d. 1951)
August
- August 12 - Erwin Schrödinger, Austrian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961)
- August 13 - Julius Freed, American inventor and banker (d. 1952)
- August 15 - Edna Ferber, American novelist (d. 1968)
- August 17 - Emperor Karl I of Austria (d. 1922)
- August 17 - Marcus Garvey, American publisher, entrepreneur, and black nationalist (d. 1940)
- August 20 - Jules Laforgue, French poet (b. 1860)
- August 24 - Harry Hooper, baseball player (d. 1974)
September
- September 1 - Blaise Cendrars, Swiss writer (d. 1961)
- September 3 - Frank Christian, jazz musician (d. 1973)
- September 13 - Lavoslav Ružička, Croatian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1976)
- September 16 - Nadia Boulanger, French composer and composition teacher (d. 1979)
- September 28 - Avery Brundage, American sports official
October
- October 1 - Violet Jessop, RMS Titanic survivor (d. 1971)
- October 5 - René Cassin, French judge, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1976)
- October 6 - Le Corbusier, Swiss architect (d. 1965)
- October 8 - Huntley Gordon, Canadian-born actor (d. 1956)
- October 22 - John Reed, American journalist (d. 1920)
- October 28 - Marcel Duchamp, French artist (d. 1968)
- October 31 - Chiang Kai-shek, Chinese Nationalist (d. 1975)
November
- November 6 - Walter Johnson, baseball player (d. 1946)
- November 10 - Arnold Zweig, German writer (d. 1968)
- November 17 - Bernard Montgomery, World War II British commander (d. 1976)
- November 19 - James B. Sumner, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)
December
- December 12 - Kurt Atterberg, Swedish composer (d. 1974)
- December 22 - Srinivasa Aaiyangar Ramanujan, Indian mathematician (d. 1920)
Month/day unknown
- Joseph H. Choate, Jr., American politician and philanthropist (d. 1968)
- Pauline Sabin, American activist for repeal of prohibition in U.S. (d. 1955)
Deaths
- February 27 - Alexander Borodin, Russian composer (b. 1833)
- March 8 - Henry Ward Beecher, American clergyman and reformer (b. 1813)
- May 14 - Lysander Spooner, American philosopher and abolitionist (b. 1808)
- July 17 - Dorothea Dix, American social activist (b. 1802)
- July 25 - John Taylor, American religious leader (b. 1808)
- August 8 - Alexander William Doniphan, American lawyer and soldier (b. 1808)
- August 20 - Jules Laforgue, French poet (b. 1860)
- October 17 - Gustav Kirchhoff, German physicist (b. 1824)
- November 2 - Jenny Lind, Swedish soprano (b. 1820)
- November 8 - Doc Holliday, American gambler and gunfighter (b. 1851)
- November 19 - Emma Lazarus, American poet (b. 1859)
- December 5 - Eliza Roxcy Snow, American poet (b. 1804)
Category:1887
ko:1887년
ms:1887
simple:1887
th:พ.ศ. 2430
February 16
February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 318 days remaining (319 in leap years).
Events
- 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau was dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols.
- 1279 - Afonso III of Portugal dies. His son Denis succeeds the Portuguese throne.
- 1742 - Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington, becomes British Prime Minister.
- 1804 - First Barbary War: Stephen Decatur leads a raid to burn the pirate-held frigate USS Philadelphia.
- 1838 - Weenen Massacre: Hundreds of Voortrekkers along the Blaukraans River, Natal were killed by Zulus.
- 1852 - Studebaker Brothers wagon company, precursor of the automobile manufacturer, is established.
- 1857 - The National Deaf Mute College (later renamed Gallaudet University) is established. in Washington, DC becoming the first school for the advanced education of the deaf.
- 1862 - American Civil War: General Ulysses S. Grant captures Fort Donelson, Tennessee.
- 1866 - Spencer Compton Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington becomes the British Secretary of State for War
- 1868 - In New York City the Jolly Corks organization is renamed the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks (BPOE).
- 1883 - Ladies Home Journal is published for the first time.
- 1899 - President Félix Faure of France dies in office.
- 1918 - Lithuania declares its independence from both Russia and Germany.
- 1923 - Howard Carter unseals the burial chamber of Pharaoh Tutankhamun.
- 1934 - Austrian Civil War ends with the defeat of the Social Democrats and the Republican Schutzbund
- 1936 - Elections bring the Popular Front to power in Spain.
- 1937 - Wallace H. Carothers receives a patent for nylon.
- 1940 - Altmark Incident: The German tanker Altmark, with 299 British prisoners, is boarded in neutral Norwegian waters by sailors from the British destroyer HMS Cossack and the prisoners set free, a breach of Norwegian neutrality at the beginning of World War II.
- 1943 - World War II: Russia reconquers Kharkov.
- 1945 - World War II: American forces land on Corregidor island in the Philippines.
- 1945 - American forces recapture the Bataan Peninsula.
- 1959 - Fidel Castro becomes Premier of Cuba after President Fulgencio Batista was overthrown on January 1.
- 1961 - Explorer 9 launched. (See Explorer program)
- 1968 - In Haleyville, Alabama the first 9-1-1 emergency telephone system goes into service.
- 1970 - Joe Frazier starts a heavyweight world boxing champion winning streak with the knock out of Jimmy Ellis in five rounds.
- 1972 - NBA basketball player Wilt Chamberlain scores 30,000th point.
- 1978 - The first computer bulletin board system is created (CBBS in Chicago, Illinois).
- 1983 - The Ash Wednesday bushfires in Victoria and South Australia claim the lives of 71 people in Australia's worst ever fires.
- 1986 - The Soviet liner Mikhail Lermontov runs aground in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand.
- 1987 - The trial of John Demjanjuk, accused of being a Nazi guard dubbed "Ivan the Terrible" in Treblinka extermination camp, starts in Jerusalem.
- 1988 - The Comedy Company debuts on Network 0-10 Ten.
- 1991 - Gulf War: U.S. and U.K. war planes bomb the suburbs of Baghdad, injuring at least 11 civilians and killing three others.
- 1998 - China Airlines Flight 676 crashed into a residential area near by Chiang Kai-shek International Airport, killing 202 people, included all 196 on board and six on the ground.
- 1999 - In Uzbekistan a bomb explodes and gunfire is heard at the government headquarters in an apparent assassination attempt against President Islam Karimov.
- 1999 - Across Europe, Kurdish rebels take over embassies and hold hostages after Turkey arrested one of their rebel leaders, Abdullah Öcalan.
- 1999 - In Jasper, Texas, the trial begins of John William King who is accused of dragging African American James Byrd Jr. to death in an apparent hate crime.
- 2005 - The Kyoto Protocol comes into force, following its ratification by Russia.
- 2005 - The National Hockey League cancels the entire 2004-2005 regular season and playoffs, becoming the first major sports league in North America to do so over a labour dispute.
Births
- 1032 - Emperor Yingzong of China (d. 1067)
- 1222 - Nichiren, Japanese founder of Nichiren Buddhism (d. 1282)
- 1497 - Philipp Melanchthon, German humanist and reformer (d. 1560)
- 1519 - Gaspard de Coligny, French Huguenot leader (d. 1572)
- 1543 - Kano Eitoku, Japanese painter (d. 1590)
- 1620 - Friedrich Wilhelm I of Brandenburg (d. 1688)
- 1643 - John Sharp, English Archbishop of York (d. 1714)
- 1710 - King Louis XV of France (d. 1774)
- 1727 - Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, Austrian scientist (d. 1817)
- 1761 - Charles Pichegru, French general (d. 1804)
- 1804 - Carl Theodor Ernst von Siebold, German physiologist (d. 1885)
- 1821 - Heinrich Barth, German explorer
- 1822 - Sir Francis Galton, English explorer and biologist (d. 1911)
- 1824 - Peter Kozler, Slovenian cartographer and geographer (d. 1879)
- 1826 - Julia Grant, First Lady of the United States (d. 1902)
- 1826 - Joseph Victor von Scheffel, German poet (d. 1886)
- 1831 - Nikolai Leskov, Russian writer (d. 1895)
- 1834 - Ernst Haeckel, German zoologist and philosopher (d. 1919)
- 1838 - Henry Adams, American historian and novelist (d. 1918)
- 1866 - Vyacheslav Ivanov, Russian poet (d. 1949)
- 1876 - George Macaulay Trevelyan, English historian (d. 1962)
- 1884 - Robert J. Flaherty, American filmmaker (d. 1951)
- 1886 - Van Wyck Brooks, American historian and critic (d. 1963)
- 1898 - Katharine Cornell, American actress (d. 1974)
- 1901 - Chester Morris, American film actor (d. 1970)
- 1903 - Edgar Bergen, American ventriloquist (d. 1978)
- 1904 - George F. Kennan, American political policy-maker (d. 2005)
- 1909 - Hugh Beaumont, American actor (d. 1982)
- 1909 - Jeffrey Lynn, American actor (d. 1995)
- 1915 - Jim O'Hora, American college football coach (d. 2005)
- 1921 - Araucaria, British crossword compiler
- 1921 - Vera-Ellen, American actress (d. 1981)
- 1926 - John Schlesinger, English film director (d. 2003)
- 1927 - June Brown, British actress
- 1927 - Tom Kennedy, American game show host
- 1929 - Gerhard Hanappi, Austrian footballer (d. 1980)
- 1931 - Otis Blackwell, American songwriter and singer (d. 2002)
- 1932 - Harry Goz, American actor (d. 2003)
- 1932 - Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President of Sierra Leone
- 1935 - Sonny Bono, singer, music producer, television producer, and U.S. Congressman (d. 1998)
- 1936 - Jill Kinmont, American skier
- 1937 - Yuri Manin, Russian mathematician
- 1938 - John Corigliano, American composer
- 1938 - Barry Primus, American actor
- 1941 - Kim Jong-il, North Korean leader
- 1944 - Richard Ford, American novelist
- 1945 - Jeremy Bulloch, English actor
- 1945 - Frank Welker, American voice actor
- 1950 - Peter Hain, British politician
- 1951 - William Katt, American actor
- 1954 - Iain Banks, Scottish author
- 1955 - Margaux Hemingway, American actress and model (d. 1996)
- 1957 - LeVar Burton, American actor
- 1957 - James Ingram, American singer
- 1958 - Ice-T, American singer, songwriter, and actor
- 1958 - Lisa Loring, American actress
- 1959 - John McEnroe, American tennis player
- 1960 - Pete Willis, English guitarist (Def Leppard)
- 1961 - Andy Taylor, English musician (Duran Duran)
- 1963 - Dave Lombardo, Cuban drummer (Slayer)
- 1964 - Bebeto, Brazilian footballer
- 1964 - Christopher Eccleston, English actor
- 1967 - John Valentin, baseball player
- 1970 - DJ Wallis, fitness competitor
- 1972 - Jerome Bettis, American football player
- 1972 - Taylor Hawkins, American musician (Foo Fighters)
- 1973 - Cathy Freeman, Australian athlete
- 1975 - Aikawa Nanase, Japanese musician
- 1976 - Kyo, Japanese singer (Dir en grey)
- 1977 - Ian Clarke, Irish computer programmer
- 1977 - Ahman Green, American football player
- 1979 - Valentino Rossi, Italian race car driver
- 1980 - Ashley Lelie, American football player
Deaths
- 1247 - Heinrich Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia (b. 1204)
- 1279 - King Afonso III of Portugal (b. 1210)
- 1391 - John V Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1332)
- 1531 - Johannes Stöffler, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1452)
- 1560 - Jean du Bellay, French Catholic cardinal and diplomat
- 1710 - Esprit Fléchier, French writer and Bishop of Nîmes (b. 1632)
- 1721 - James Craggs the Younger, English politician (b. 1686)
- 1754 - Richard Mead, English physician (b. 1763)
- 1898 - Thomas Bracken, New Zealand poet (b. 1843)
- 1899 - Félix Faure, President of France (b. 1841)
- 1907 - Giosue Carducci, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1835)
- 1912 - St. Nikolai of Japan, Eastern Orthodox priest (b. 1836)
- 1928 - Eddie Foy, American singer and dancer (b. 1856)
- 1932 - Ferdinand Buisson, French pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1841)
- 1967 - Antonio Moreno, Spanish-born actor (b. 1887)
- 1970 - Francis Peyton Rous, American pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1879)
- 1974 - John Garand, Canadian rifle engineer and manufacturer (b. 1888)
- 1975 - Morgan Taylor, American athlete (b. 1903)
- 1977 - Carlos Pellicer, Mexican poet (b. 1897)
- 1978 - E. Roland Harriman, American financier (b. 1895)
- 1980 - Erich Hückel, German physicist (b. 1895)
- 1989 - Linmarie Harrison, midget of Mechanicville
- 1990 - Keith Haring, American artist (b. 1958)
- 1992 - Angela Carter, English writer (b. 1940)
- 1992 - Jânio Quadros, Brazilian politician (b. 1917)
- 1992 - Herman Wold, Swedish statistician (b. 1908)
- 1994 - Andrei Chikatilo, Russian serial killer (b. 1936)
- 1996 - Roger Bowen, American actor (b. 1932)
- 1996 - Edmund G. Brown, Governor of California (b. 1905)
- 1996 - Brownie McGhee, American singer (b. 1915)
- 2000 - Karsten Solheim, Norwegian-born engineer and inventor (b. 1911)
- 2001 - Bob Buhl, baseball player (b. 1928)
- 2001 - William Masters, American gynecologist and sexologist (b. 1915)
- 2002 - Walter Winterbottom, England football manager (b. 1913)
- 2004 - Shirley Strickland, Australian athlete (b. 1925)
- 2004 - Doris Troy, American singer (b. 1937)
- 2005 - Nicole DeHuff, American actress (pneumonia) (b. 1974)
Holidays and observances
- Lithuania - Independence Day (1918)
- Kyoto Protocol Day (2005)
External links
- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/16 BBC: On This Day]
- [http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/20050216.html The New York Times: On This Day]
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February 15 - February 17 - January 16 - March 16 -- listing of all days
ko:2월 16일
ms:16 Februari
ja:2月16日
simple:February 16
th:16 กุมภาพันธ์
Actor
An actor is a person who acts, or plays a role, in an artistic production. The term commonly refers to someone working in movies, television, live theatre, or radio, and can occasionally denote a street entertainer. Besides playing dramatic roles, actors may also sing or dance or work only on radio or as a voice artist. A female actor may be known as an actress, although some prefer the term "actor", using it as a gender-neutral term.
An actor usually plays a fictional character. In the case of a true story (or a fictional story that portrays real people) an actor may play a real person (or a fictional version of the same). Occasionally, actors appear as themselves.
Etymology
"Actor" is directly from the masculine Latin noun actor (feminine, actrix) from the verb agere "to do, to drive, to pass time" + the suffix -or "so./st. who performs the action indicated by the stem". Alternatively from Greek (aktor), leader, from the verb (agō), to lead or carry, to convey, to bring.
History
The first recorded case of an actor performing took place in 534 B.C. (probably on 23 November, though the changes in calendar over the years make it hard to determine exactly) when the Greek performer Thespis stepped on to the stage at the Theatre Dionysus and became the first person to speak words as a character in a play. The machinations of storytelling were immediately revolutionized. Prior to Thespis' act, stories were told in song and dance and in third person narrative, but no one had assumed the role of a character in a story. In honour of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians. Theatrical myth to this day maintains that Thespis exists as a mischievous spirit, and disasters in the theatre are sometimes blamed on his ghostly intervention.
However, this negative perception dramaticaly changed in 20th Century as acting became an honored and popular profession and art. Part of the reason is due to the rise of the popular appeal and access to dramatic film entertainment and the resulting rise of the movie star in social status and the large salaries they commanded. The combination of public presence and wealth had a profound rehabilitation to the image.
In the past, only men could become actors. In the ancient and medieval world, it was considered disgraceful for a woman to go on the stage, and this belief continued right up until the 17th century, when in Venice it was broken. In the time of William Shakespeare, women's roles were played by men or boys, though there is some evidence to suggest that women disguised as men also (illegally) performed.
Actresses in male roles
Women actors sometimes play the roles of prepubescent boys, because in some regards a woman has a closer resemblance to a boy than does a man. The role of Peter Pan, for example, is traditionally played by a woman. The tradition of the principal boy in pantomime may be compared. An adult playing a child occurs more in theater than in film. The exception to this is voice actors in animated films, where boys are generally voiced by women, as heard in "The Simpsons". Opera has several 'pants roles' traditionally sung by women, usually mezzo-sopranos. Examples are Hansel in Hansel und Gretel, and Cherubino in The Marriage of Figaro.
Mary Pickford played the part of Little Lord Fauntleroy in the first film version of the book. Linda Hunt won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in The Year of Living Dangerously, in which she played the part of a man.
Having an actor play the opposite sex for comic effect is also a long standing tradition in comic theatre and film. Most of Shakespeare's comedies include instances of cross dressing, and both Dustin Hoffman and Robin Williams appeared in hit comedy films where they were required to play most scenes dressed as women. Tony Curtis and Jack Lemmon famously posed as women to escape gangsters in the Billy Wilder film Some Like It Hot.
Techniques of acting
Actors employ a variety of techniques that are learned through training and experience. Some of these are:
#The rigorous use of the voice to communicate a character's lines and express emotion. This is achieved through attention to diction and projection through correct breathing and articulation. It is also achieved through the tone and emphasis that an actor puts on words
#Physicalisation of a role in order to create a believable character for the audience and to use the acting space appropriately and correctly
#Use of gesture to complement the voice, interact with other actors and to bring emphasis to the words in a play, as well as having symbolic meaning
Shakespeare is believed to have been commenting on the acting style and techniques of his era when Hamlet gives his famous advice to the players:
Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you, trippingly on the tongue: but if you mouth it, as many of your players do, I had as lief the town-crier spoke my lines. Nor do not saw the air too much with your hand, thus, but use all gently; for in the very torrent, tempest, and, as I may say, the whirlwind of passion, you must acquire and beget a temperance that may give it smoothness. O, it offends me to the soul to hear a robustious periwig-pated fellow tear a passion to tatters, to very rags, to split the ears of the groundlings, who for the most part are capable of nothing but inexplicable dumbshows and noise: I would have such a fellow whipped for o'erdoing Termagant; it out-herods Herod: pray you, avoid it.
Be not too tame neither, but let your own discretion be your tutor: suit the action to the word, the word to the action; with this special observance: o'erstep not the modesty of nature: for any thing so overdone is from the purpose of playing, whose end, both at the first and now, was and is, to hold, as 'twere, the mirror up to nature; to show virtue her own feature, scorn her own image, and the very age and body of the time his form and pressure. Now this overdone, or come tardy off, though it make the unskilful laugh, cannot but make the judicious grieve; the censure of the which one must in your allowance o'erweigh a whole theatre of others. O, there be players that I have seen play, and heard others praise, and that highly, not to speak it profanely, that, neither having the accent of Christians nor the gait of Christian, pagan, nor man, have so strutted and bellowed that I have thought some of nature's journeymen had made men and not made them well, they imitated humanity so abominably.
O, reform it altogether. And let those that play your clowns speak no more than is set down for them; for there be of them that will themselves laugh, to set on some quantity of barren spectators to laugh too; though, in the mean time, some necessary question of the play be then to be considered: that's villanous, and shows a most pitiful ambition in the fool that uses it. Go, make you ready.
Acting awards
- Academy Awards, also known as the Oscars, for film
- Golden Globe Awards for film and television
- Emmy Awards for television
- Genie Awards for film
- Gemini Awards for television
- British Academy of Film and Television Arts Award for film and television
- Tony Awards for the theatre (specifically, Broadway theatre)
- European Theatre Awards for the theatre
- Laurence Olivier Awards for the theatre
- Screen Actors Guild Awards for film and television
See also
- Movie star
- Stunt work
- Lists of actors
- Celebrities
Suggested reading
- An Actor Prepares by Konstantin Stanislavski (Theatre Arts Books, 0878309837, 1989)
- A Dream of Passion: The Development of the Method by Lee Strasberg (Plume Books, 0452261988, 1990)
- Sanford Meisner on Acting by Sanford Meisner (Vintage, 0394750594, 1987)
- Letters to a Young Actor by Robert Brustein (Basic Books, 0465008062, 2005).
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Category:Entertainment occupations
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ja:俳優
1950
1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar).
Events
January
- January 5 - U.S. Senator Estes Kefauver introduces a resolution calling for examination of organized crime in the U.S.
- January 6 - The United Kingdom recognizes the People's Republic of China. The Republic of China severs diplomatic relations with Britain in response.
- January 9 - The Israeli government recognizes the People's Republic of China.
- January 11 - Huk guerillas attack the town of Hermosa in Bataan, Philippines.
- January 12 - Huk guerillas attack the town of Tuyn, kill two and torch the city of Staingnacan.
- January 12 - British submarine Truculent collides with a Swedish oil tanker in River Thames - 64 dead.
- January 13 - Finland forms diplomatic relations to People's Republic of China
- January 15 - Volcanic cloud kills 5000 in Mount Lamington, New Guinea
- January 17 - The Great Brinks Robbery - 11 thieves steal more than $2 million from an armored car in Boston, Massachusetts
- January 21 - Alger Hiss is convicted of perjury
- January 23 - The Knesset passes a resolution that states Jerusalem is the capital of Israel.
- January 24 - Cold War: Klaus Fuchs confesses his wartime espionage at Los Alamos to British interrogators - formally charged February 2
- January 26 - India promulgates its constitution forming a republic and Rajendra Prasad is sworn in as its first president.
- January 28 - Somaliland is put under Italian mandate
- January 29 - Lord Balfour criticizes the fact that rationing is still in force in Britain
- January 31 - President Harry S. Truman announces a program to develop the hydrogen bomb
- January 31 - Last Kuomintang troops surrender in continental China
February
- February 1 - Chiang Kai-shek re-elected as a president of the Republic of China
- February 4 - Ingrid Bergman's illegitimate child arouses ire in USA
- February 9 - Red scare: In his speech to the Republican Women's Club at the McClure Hotel in Wheeling, West Virginia, Senator Joseph McCarthy accuses the United States Department of State of being filled with 205 Communists.
- February 11 - Two Vietcong battalions attack a French base in Indochina
- February 11 - Finland recognizes Indonesia
- February 12 - Pro-communist riots in Paris
- February 12 - European Broadcasting Union founded
- February 13 - In USA army begins to deploy anti-aircraft cannons to protect nuclear stations and military targets
- February 14 - The Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China sign a mutual defense treaty
- February 15 - Juho Kusti Paasikivi re-elected president of Finland
- February 19 - Konrad Adenauer tries unsuccessfully to negotiate with East Germany to begin unification.
- February 12 - Albert Einstein warns that nuclear war could lead to mutual destruction
- February - British Labour Party forms a new government.
March-April
- March 1 - 7.25 PM West South Baptist Church(negro) in Bestridge, Nebraska blows up - all the choir is late for rehearsals
- March 1 - Klaus Fuchs is convicted of spying for the Soviet Union by giving them top secret atomic bomb data.
- March 1 - Acting Chinese President Li Tsung-jen ends his term in office
- March 1 - Chiang Kai-shek resumes his duties as Chinese president after moving his government to Taipei, Taiwan
- March 3 - Poland states that it intends to exile all Germans.
- March 8 - The Soviet Union claims to have an atomic bomb.
- March 12-March 13 - In Belgium, the referendum over the monarchy shows 57.7% support the return of king Léopold III, 42.3% against.
- March 14 - Ship Cygnet hits mine off the Dutch coast.
- March 17 - University of California, Berkeley researchers announce the creation of element 98 which they have named "californium".
- March 20 - Government of Poland decides to confiscate the property of Polish church
- March 22 - Egypt demands that Britain remove all its troops in Suez Canal
- April 15 - King Léopold III of Belgium announces that he is ready to abdicate in favor of his son Baudouin
- April 24 - Jordan formally annexes West Bank
- April 27 - Apartheid: In South Africa, the Group Areas Act is passed formally segregating races.
- April 27 - Britain formally recognizes Israel
May-June
- May 6 - Tollund Man found
- May 9 - Robert Schuman presents his proposal on the creation of an organized Europe, indispensable to the maintenance of peaceful relations. This proposal, known as the "Schuman declaration", is considered to be the beginning of the creation of what is now the European Union.
- May 11 - Kefauver Committee hearings about US organized crime begin
- May 25 - Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel is formally opened to traffic
- May 29 - St. Roch, first ship to circumnavigate North America arrives in Halifax Nova Scotia.
- June 3 - First ascent of Annapurna I, 10th highest mountain in the world.
- June 6 - Turkey: The Adhan in Arabic is legalized
- June 8 - Sir Thomas Blamey becomes the only Field Marshal in Australian history.
- June 10 - French police capture escaped murderer Emile Buisson in Paris restaurant
- June 24 - 58 persons were killed when a commercial airliner crashed into Lake Michigan. The reason for the disaster is unknown. Only fragments of the plane and the bodies of passengers were ever found.
- June 25 - Beginning of Korean War. In the USA, people began to hoard supplies in case of rationing and shortages.
- June 25 - NSC-68 enacted by President Truman, setting US foreign policy for the next twenty years.
- June 28 - Korean War - North Korean forces capture Seoul
- June 29 - United States defeats England 1-0 in the . For more details, see England v United States (1950).
July
- July 5 - Sicilian bandit leader Salvatore Giuliano killed in a shootout with carabinieri
- July 5 - Korean War: Task Force Smith - First clash between American and North Korean forces.
- July 5 - Zionism: The Knesset passes the Law of Return which grants all Jews the right to immigrate to Israel.
- July 6 - East Germany agrees with Poland on the Oder-Neisse line - West Germany does not at this time
- July 16 - Uruguay beat Brazil 2-1 to win 1950 World Cup
- July 17 - Julius and Ethel Rosenberg arrested
- July 19 - 15 SS-men sentenced to death in East Germany
- July 20 - Tydings committee report to US senate denounces Joe McCarthy - he begins a public attack on members of the committee standing for election in 1950
- July 20 - In Belgium, the United Chambers adopt a decree which reinstates King Léopold III in his royal dignity.
- July 23 - King Léopold III of Belgium returns to Brussels
- July 24 - Hoax by J. Bam Morrison begins the tradition of "Sucker Day" in Wetumka, Oklahoma
- July 25 - Walter Ulbricht elected the general secretary of the communist party of East Germany
- July 28 - In Belgium, demonstrations and strikes break out as a result of King Léopold III's return. In Liège, three labourers are shot.
August-September
- August 5 - Florence Chadwick swims over English Channel in 13 hours, 22 minutes
- August 5 - A bomb-laden B-29 Superfortress crashes into a residential area in California. 17 dead, 68 injured.
- August 6 - Riot in Brussels in monarchist demonstrations
- August 8 - Winston Churchill supports idea of pan-European army allied with Canada and USA
- August 15 - Earthquake and floods in Assam, India - 574 deaths, 5,000,000 believed homeless
- September 1 - Hungarian major general Laszlo Viragen defects to Austria and applies for political asylum
- September 4 - Beetle Bailey comic strip started.
- September 7 - Coal mine collapses in New Cumnock, Scotland - 13 miners dead. 116 rescued.
- September 7 - The gameshow Truth or Consequences debuts on television.
- September 12 - Communist riots in Berlin
- September 13 - First main-line diesel-electric locomtives run in Australia
- September 15 - Allied troops land in Inchon, occupied by North Korea, to begin the Battle of Inchon.
- September 19 - West Germany decides to fire all its communist officials
- September 26 - Indonesia admitted to the United Nations
October
- October 1 - The comic strip Peanuts by Charles M. Schulz is first published in seven US newspapers.
- October 3 - Getúlio Dornelles Vargas, elected president of Brazil, for a five-year term.
- October 5 - Indonesian government quells riots in the Moluccas
- October 11 - The Federal Communications Commission issues the first license to broadcast television in color, to CBS (RCA will successfully dispute and block the license from taking effect, however).
- October 15 - In East Germany, communists win 99.7% of the vote
- October 20 - Australia passes the Communist Party Dissolution Act, later struck down by the High Court.
- October - Sister Mary Teresa begins her charity work in Calcutta and becomes known as Mother Teresa
November
- November 1 - Pope Pius XII defines a new dogma of Roman Catholicism: that God assumed Mary's body into Heaven after her death.
- November 1 - Puerto Rican nationalists Griselio Torresola and Oscar Collazo attempt to assassinate US President Harry S. Truman, who is staying at the Blair-Lee House in Washington, D.C. during White House repairs.
- November 4 - United Nations ends the diplomatic isolation of Spain
- November 8 - Korean War: While in an F-80, United States Air Force Lt. Russell J. Brown intercepts two North Korean MiG-15s near the Yalu River and shots them down in the first jet-to-jet dogfight in history.
- November 11 - The Mattachine Society founded in Los Angeles as the first Gay liberation organization
- November 13 - Colonel Carlos Delgado Chalbaud is kidnapped and murdered in Caracas.
- November 18 - United Nations accepts the formation of Libyan national council
- November 20 - T. S. Eliot speaks against television in the UK
- November 22 - Anti-British riots in Egypt
- November 22 - Shirley Temple announces her retirement from show business
- November 23 - George Robb was born in Aylth, Scotland
- November 26 - Korean War: Troops from the People's Republic of China move into North Korea and launch a massive counterattack against South Korean and American forces, ending any thought of a quick end to the conflict.
- November 28 - Greece and Yugoslavia reform diplomatic relations
- November 29 - Korean War: North Korean and Chinese troops force a desperate retreat of United Nations forces from North Korea.
- November 30 - Truman threatens to use nuclear weapons in Korea
December
- December 3 - Etna volcano erupts in Sicily
- December 12 - Paula Ackerman becomes the first woman in the United States to serve a congregation as a Rabbi, a few weeks after the death of her husband.
- December 24-December 25 - Scottish nationalists take the Stone of Scone from Westminster Abbey
- December 28 - The Peak District becomes Britain's first National Park.
Unknown date
- Ralph Schneider founds Diners Club - it initially only works in 27 restaurants in New York City.
- United Nations building finished.
- First pagers developed.
- Antihistamine discovered.
- First TV remote control, Zenith Radio's Lazy Bones is marketed.
- IBM Israel begins operating in Tel Aviv
- Japanese soldier Yuichi Akitsu surrenders in the Philippines
- President Harry Truman sends United States military personnel to Vietnam to aid French forces.
- National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA founded.
Births
January-February
- January 12 - Sheila Jackson Lee, American politician
- January 16 - Debbie Allen, American actress, dancer, and choreographer
- January 18 - Gilles Villeneuve, Canadian race car driver
- January 21 - Billy Ocean, West Indian-born musician
- January 23 - Richard Dean Anderson, American actor
- January 24 - Benjamin Urrutia, Ecuadoran author and scholar
- January 29 - Jody Scheckter, South African race car driver
- February 3 - Morgan Fairchild, American actress
- February 4 - Pamela Franklin, British actress
- February 6 - Natalie Cole, American singer
- February 10 - Mark Spitz, American swimmer
- February 12 - Michael Ironside, American actor
- February 13 - Peter Gabriel, British musician
- February 16 - Peter Hain, British politician
- February 18 - John Hughes, American film director, producer, and writer
- February 20 - Ken Shimura, Japanese television performer and actor
- February 22 - Julius Erving, American basketball player
- February 22 - Julie Walters, English actress
- February 22 - Miou-Miou, French actress
- February 22 - Ellen Greene, American actress
- February 25 - Neil Jordan, Irish film director, writer, and producer
- February 25 - Néstor Kirchner, President of Argentina
- February 26 - Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand
March-April
- March 2 - Karen Carpenter, American singer and drummer (d. 1983)
- March 4 - Rick Perry, Governor of Texas
- March 9 - Doug Ault, baseball player (d. 2004)
- March 9 - Danny Sullivan, American race car driver
- March 11 - Bobby McFerrin, American singer
- March 11 - Jerry Zucker, American film producer, director, and writer
- March 13 - William H. Macy, American actor
- March 18 - Brad Dourif, American actor
- March 20 - William Hurt, American actor
- March 26 - Teddy Pendergrass, American singer
- March 29 - Bud Cort, American actor
- March 30 - Robbie Coltrane, British actor and comedian
- April 3 - Sally Thomsett, British actress
- April 4 - Christine Lahti, American actress
- April 5 - Agnetha Fältskog, Swedish singer and songwriter (ABBA)
- April 10 - Ken Griffey, Sr., baseball player
- April 12 - Kari Palaste, Finnish architect
- April 22 - Peter Frampton, English musician
- April 25 - Lenora Branch Fulani, American Presidential candidate
- April 28 - Jay Leno, American comedian and talk show host
- April 29 - Paul Holmes , a radio and television broadcaster in New Zealand
May-September
- May 1 - Danny McGrain, Scottish footballer
- May 1 - Dann Florek, American actor
- May 3 - Howard Ashman, American lyricist (d. 1991)
- May 7 - Randall 'Tex' Cobb, American boxer and actor
- May 12 - Bruce Boxleitner, American actor
- May 12 - Gabriel Byrne, Irish actor
- May 13 - Stevie Wonder, American singer and musician
- May 16 - Johannes Georg Bednorz, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- May 17 - Janez Drnovšek, Slovene politician
- May 17 - Valeria Novodvorskaya, Russian politician and dissident
- May 18 - Thomas Gottschalk, German television host
- May 18 - Rodney Milburn, American athlete (d. 1997)
- May 18 - Mark Mothersbaugh, American composer and musician (Devo)
- May 22 - Bernie Taupin, English songwriter
- May 22 - Mary Tamm, British actress
- June 1 - Tom Robinson, English singer and musician
- June 3 - Suzi Quatro, American singer and actress
- June 6 - John Byrne, American comic book creator
- July 18 - Sir Richard Branson, British entrepreneur
- July 18 - Glenn Hughes, American vocalist (d. 2001)
- July 19 - Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian Minister of Finance
- August 11 - Gennidy Nikonov, Russian weapon designer
- August 14 - Bob Backlund, American professional wrestler
- August 15 - Anne, Princess Royal of England
- August 16 - Hasely Crawford, West Indian athlete
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