Skribarto laŭ vasta difino estas la arto uzi signojn por prezenti seriojn de agoj. Iuj aŭtoroj rezervas la vorton skribo al parolskriboj, kaj aliajn specojn nomas notacioj. Skribsistemoj skribado, skribaĵoj kaj rilataj aferoj estas studeblaj laŭ multaj vidpunktoj.
Laŭ nuna scio, skribarto aperis unuafoje en la fruaj urbaj kulturoj de mezopotamio kaj Egiptio inter -4000 kaj -3000. De tiam ĝis nun pluraj centoj da skribsistemoj uziĝis.
- libroscienco aŭ bibliologio studas la materian konsiston de libroj (folifaldo, bindaĵo, enpaĝigo...)
- gravuroscienco aŭ epigrafiko studas skribaĵojn sur malmolaj materialoj (ŝtono, moneroj...)
- praskriboscienco aŭ paleografio studas skribaĵojn sur molaj materialoj (pergameno, papero...)
- papirusscienco aŭ papirologio studas antikvajn skribaĵojn sur papiroj alinome papirusoj.
Studo laŭ uzo de skribo kaj de dokumentoj
- bibliografio kolektas la normitajn referencojn de dokumentoj
- bibliotekoscienco zorgas pri konservado kaj disponigo de eldonaĵoj
- eldonscienco studas kvante (bibliometrio) kaj kvalite (eldonhistorio) la eldonadon
- legosociologio kaj okaze etnologio studas, kiel homoj en la diversaj socioj efektive uzas legadon kaj skribadon.
Grafologio, branĉo de psiĥologio, priskribas la karakteron de homo laŭ la propraĵoj de lia skribostilo. Ĝia scienca statuso ne tute firmiĝis.
kategorio:skriboja:文字zh-min-nan:Bûn-jī hē-thóng
O.S.B.
This article is about the Roman Catholic order; see also Benedictine Confederation and Benedictine.Benedictine, San Marco, Florence (c. 1400-1455).]]
The Order of Saint Benedict — full Latin name: Ordo Sancti Benedicti , initials: OSB — is a monasticorder within the Roman Catholic Church, sometimes referred to as the Benedictine Order, where the Rule of St Benedict is observed, supplemented by later constitutions and modern customaries. It is fundamentally different from other Western religious orders: there is no legal entity within the Church called the "Order of St Benedict", run on similar lines with other Roman Catholic religious orders with their Generalates and Superiors General. Rather, the various autonomous Houses (that is, communities) have formed themselves loosely into Congregations (for example, Cassinese, English, Solesmes, Subiaco, Camaldolese, Sylvestrines) that in turn are represented in the Benedictine Confederation.
The Order of Saint Benedict does not include Benedictines who are not Roman Catholic.
Benedictine monks (nowadays also referred to as monastic men) and nuns (monastic women) profess the three Benedictine Vows of Stability (to remain in the monastery), of Conversion of Manners, and of Obedience (to the superior) in accordance with ch. 58.17 of the Rule of SaintBenedict of Nursia. Benedictines who are not members of the Consecrated Life (i.e., Oblates) nevertheless endeavour to embrace the spirit of the Benedictine Vows in their own life in the world.
Within the Order of Saint Benedict, other orders that use the Rule of Saint Benedict and are generally considered to be of the Benedictine tradition are the Cistercians, Bernardines, and Benedictine Sisters of Grace and Compassion, although these are not part of the Benedictine Confederation.
The Benedictine motto is: pax (Latin: "peace"), traditionally also ora et labora (Latin: "pray and work").
- Dom Columba Marmion OSB, Christ the Ideal of the Monk – Spiritual Conferences on the Monastic and Religious Life (Engl. edition London 1926, trsl. from the French by a nun of Tyburn Convent).
Benedictines in popular culture and fiction
- A stage play based on a book by Hugh Whitemore, The Best of Friends, provides a window on the friendships of Dame Laurentia McLachlan, OSB (late Abbess of Stanbrook) with Sir Sydney Cockerell and George Bernard Shaw through adaptations from their letters and writings.
- The film "In This House of Brede" (1975, TV), with Dame Diana Rigg in the lead role, presents a portrayal of the progress of a fictitious postulant. The film was inspired by the 1969 novel of the same name written by Rumer Godden.
- Perhaps the most famous Benedictine monk in all fictiondom is Brother Cadfael. (Friar Tuck does not qualify for this distinction, as he was a Franciscan.) Edith Pargeter, writing under the pen name Ellis Peters, created the character of Brother Cadfael as the detectivehero of her series of medievalmurder mysteries known as The Cadfael Chronicles.
- Although the protagonist is a Franciscan, the Umberto EconovelThe Name of the Rose is set in a fictional Benedictine monastery in Italy.
- Samples of chanting Benedictine monks were used in the song I'm Dying by V.A.S.T., from their album Visual Audio Sensory Theater.
- Joseph Knecht, the protagonist of Hermann Hesse's novel The Glass Bead Game, is sent as an ambassador of sorts to a Benedictine abbey for his first assignment.
External links
- [http://www.sjasc.edu/ Saint Joseph Abbey & Seminary College Benedictine Monks In Saint Benedict, Louisiana]
- [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02443a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia entry for The Benedictine Order]
- [http://www.osb-international.info/ Confoederatio Benedictina Ordinis Sancti Benedicti, the Benedictine Confederation of congregations]
- [http://www.osb.org/ Official website of St John's Abbey]
- [http://www.glenstal.org/ Official webside of Glenstal Abbey, Ireland]
Category:Benedictine ordersja:ベネディクト会nb:Benediktinerordenen
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