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The Æffect

The Æffect

The Æffect were a band from Gainesville, Florida. Formed in 1999, they released their debut EP A Short Dream on Fueled By Ramen Records in 2000. The EP was recorded at Flying Blanket Studios in Tucson, Arizona with Bob Hoag who had also manned the controls for label-mates The Impossibles and Recover. Shortly thereafter, they did a 6 week run on the Vans Warped Tour. Other festivals the band played in the following year included MACRoCK, CMJ Music Marathon, and South by Southwest (SXSW). MTV VJ Jim Shearer interviewed the band for the show Advance Warning and things looked promising for the group. The band went to record their followup at Butch Vig's famed Madison, Wisconsin Smart Studios collaborating with up-and-coming producer Sean O'Keefe who had just finished Fall Out Boy's Take This To Your Grave. The results of the session were four songs that would never see the light of day because the upstart label that funded the project never fully materialized. Vocalist/guitarist Aaron Feibus left the group in December 2003 to pursue a graduate degree. Keyboardist/vocalist Steve Kramer took over all musical and song-writing duties after Feibus' departure and released the band's long overdue follow-up Secrets and Lies in 2004. The current status of the band is not currently known. The website of the group is still functional but has not been updated since March 2005 nor have they played any shows since May 2004. Aeffect

Gainesville, Florida

Gainesville is a city located in Alachua County, Florida. It is the county seat of Alachua County. Major sites include the Devil's Millhopper, the Florida Museum of Natural History and the historic downtown area. Gainesville is primarily known for being home to The University of Florida, the 4th largest University in the United States and one of the most prestigious public universities. Santa Fe Community College, one of the nation's largest 2-year colleges, is also located in Gainesville. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 95,447. Following a successful annexation in 2002, the population increased to 108,856 (U.S. Census Bureau's 2004 estimates).

Geography

2004 Gainesville is located at 29°39'55" North, 82°20'10" West (29.665245, -82.336097). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 127.2 km² (49.1 mi²). 124.8 km² (48.2 mi²) of it is land and 2.4 km² (0.9 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.87% water. Gainesville is the southernmost deciduous city in America. There are deciduous trees farther south, but they are not as abundant as they are from Alachua County northward. The North Florida area in which Gainesville is located is known to natives as the "end of the South." This is most likely due to the fact that south of Alachua County, starting at Ocala, there are fewer native Floridians (and effectively native Southerners) and the sprawling development that defines South and Central Florida begins. Rural North Florida is a very stereotypically southern area with farms and pine forests dotting the landscape.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 95,447 people living within the city limits, 37,279 households, and 18,341 families residing in the city. The population of the metropolitan area as of the census of 2000 was 217,955. The population density is 764.9/km² (1,981.0/mi²). There are 40,105 housing units at an average density of 321.4/km² (832.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 68.36% White, 23.24% African American, 0.25% Native American, 4.49% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.46% from other races, and 2.18% from two or more races. 6.40% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. Note: These population figures probably do not include the vast majority of the 75,000+ student population which are recorded for census purposes as living with their parents in their hometowns. There are 37,279 households out of which 22.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.5% are married couples living together, 13.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 50.8% are non-families. 32.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.25 and the average family size is 2.90. In the city the population is spread out with 17.8% under the age of 18, 29.4% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 16.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 26 years. For every 100 females there are 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 94.2 males. The median income for a household in the city is $28,164, and the median income for a family is $44,263. Males have a median income of $31,090 versus $25,653 for females. The per capita income for the city is $16,779. 26.7% of the population and 15.3% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 24.7% of those under the age of 18 and 9.5% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Gainesville is informally called "Hogtown", after Hogtown Creek, which runs through the city. It was the center of the Gainesville Eight case in the 1960s, and is known to some as the Berkeley of the South. The city is characterized by its medium size, rural location, and large public university. Suburban sprawl has (as of late) become a concern for the city commissioners. However, the "New Urbanization" plan to revitalize run-down portions of the area between historic Downtown and the University of Florida may slow the growth of suburban sectors that have caused extensive westward sprawl, and catalyze a migration toward upper-level apartments in the inner-city. The area immediately north of the University of Florida is also seeing active redevelopment. Gainesville is served by the Gainesville Regional Airport.

History

Gainesville's original inhabitants were the Timucua Indians. Spanish colonists began cattle ranching in the Payne's Prairie area using Timucua labor and the largest ranch became known as LaChua. Though the ranch was eventually destroyed by British raiders, it nevertheless gave its name to the Alachua band of the Seminole tribe who settled in the region in the 1700s under the leadership of the great chief Ahaya the Cowkeeper. Gainesville was originally formed along the Florida Railroad Company's line stretching from Cedar Key, Florida to Fernandina Beach, Florida as part of a route eventually carrying cargo from New Orleans, Louisiana to New York. In 1854 Gainesville became the new Alachua County seat (moving from the more populated but inconveniently located Newnansville). The city is named for General Edmund P. Gaines, commander of U.S. Army troops in Florida during the Second Seminole War. Gainesville was the scene of small-scale fighting in the Civil War. On February 15, 1864, a skirmish erupted when about 50 Union troops entered the city intending to capture two trains. The Second Florida Cavalry successfully repulsed this raid. The raiding party was eventually defeated at the Battle of Olustee five days later. Later that year, the Battle of Gainesville took place on August 17, 1864. Three-hundred Union troops occupying the city were attacked by the Florida Cavalry. The Federals were driven out of town and suffered significant casualties. Gainesville's fortunes took a major turn when the University of Florida was created by the Florida Legislature in 1905. Gainesville was chosen as the site, beating out other cities who saw their colleges close, such as Lake City and Bartow. The university has brought the town a youthful population, cultural opportunities, and world class medical facilities. The sports drink Gatorade was invented in Gainesville as a means of refreshing the UF football team and UF still receives a share of the profits from the beverage. Terror struck residents of Gainesville in August 1990 when five students were found brutally murdered in their apartments over a three day period. After extensive investigation, Danny Rolling was charged with the murders and convicted in 1994. The murders attracted national attention and heightened awareness of security issues at the University of Florida and elsewhere. A monument to the victims now exists along Southwest 34th Street, including five palm trees in the median and a painted wall.

Culture

Gainesville has a fairly well-known punk and ska music scene and has spawned a number of bands including Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, Less Than Jake, The Usuals, The Know How, Hot Water Music, Against Me!, Sister Hazel, and Roach Motel. It is also the location of the independent label No Idea Records. Cultural facilities include the Florida Museum of Natural History, Harn Museum of Art, the Hippodrome State Theatre, Curtis M. Phillips Center for the Performing Arts, and The Civic Media Center. Smaller theaters include the Acrosstown Repertory Theatre (ART) and the Gainesville Community Playhouse (GCP). GCP is one of the oldest community theaters in the State of Florida, having produced its first show in 1927. GCP's season consists of six shows annually. Numerous events are hosted continually at the university. Gainesville is an expensive town in which to live—rent rates tend to be high off-campus, although the restaurants near the University of Florida tend to be inexpensive. The property taxes are high to offset the cost of the university, as the university's land is tax-exempt. The University of Florida is the major employer for the city. The east side of Gainesville houses the majority of the African-American community within the city, while the westside houses a more diverse community.

Transportation

Gainesville has an extensive road system, which is served by Interstate 75, and several Florida State Routes, including State routes 20, 24, 25, and 26, among many others. Gainesville is also served by US 441, which gives a direct route to Ocala, Orlando, and south Florida. Not only does Gainesville have an extensive road network, Gainesville is also served by Gainesville Regional Transit System, or RTS, which is the fourth largest mass transit system in the state.

Famous residents

Celebrities that live or have lived in Gainesville include:
- Don Felder, musician
- Robert Cade, inventor of Gatorade
- Bo Diddley, musician
- Nicholas Tishuk, Teacher and activist extradordinaire
- Rodney Mullen, Professional Skateboarder
- Buddy Ebsen, actor
- Ric Flair, professional wrestling personality
- Robert Frost, poet
- Joe Haldeman, science fiction author
- Bob Graham, Governor and U.S. Senator
- Marty Liquori, Olympic track & field athlete and TV announcer
- Tom Petty, musician
- River Phoenix, actor
- Joaquin Phoenix, actor
- Maya Rudolph, comedian
- Minnie Riperton, musician
- Forrest Sawyer, NBC anchor
- Steve Spurrier, football player and coach
- Stephen Stills, musician
- Emmitt Smith, professional football player
- John Thompson, mathematician, Fields medalist
- Less than Jake, band
- Hot Water Music, band
- Sister Hazel, band
- Against Me!, band
- Stephen Root, actor
- Bob Vila, television show host
- Jack Youngblood, professional football player & NFL Hall of Famer Other celebrity ties to Gainesville include Faye Dunaway, who went to the University of Florida, and Malcolm Gets, who grew up there, graduated from the university, and wrote and performed at the Community Playhouse and the Hippodrome. Renee Richards lived in Gainesville for a time, Roger Maris had a distributorship and raised his family there, and the motion picture actor William H. Macy has visited his father there from time to time.

Points of interest

- Florida Museum of Natural History
- Harn Museum of Art
- Hippodrome State Theatre
- Kanapaha Botanical Gardens
- University of Florida
- Haile Plantation
- The Butterfly Rainforest

References

- History of Gainesville, Florida, 1854-1979. By Charles H. Hildreth and Merlin G. Cox. published by the Alachua County Historical Society, 1981. ISBN 0967278848

External links

- [http://www.cityofgainesville.org/ City of Gainesville] official site
- [http://www.go-rts.com/ Regional Transit System] - Bus system

Area newspapers

- [http://www.gainesvillesun.com/ The Gainesville Sun]
- [http://www.gainesvilleguardian.com/ The Gainesville Guardian]
- [http://www.alligator.org/ The Independent Florida Alligator]
- [http://www.sellgville.com/ Gainesville's Student Classifieds]
- [http://www.afn.org/~iguana The Gainesville Iguana]
- [http://gainesville4sale.com/ Gainesville Florida Classifieds]
- [http://www.satellitemag.com/ Satellite Magazine]

Educational institutions

- [http://www.ufl.edu/ University of Florida]
- [http://www.sfcc.edu/ Sante Fe Community College]
- [http://www.saintleo.edu/ Saint Leo University]
- [http://www.citycollege.edu/ City College/ Gainesville Campus]
- [http://www.sbac.edu/ The School Board of Alachua County]
- [http://ghs.sbac.edu/ Gainesville High School] - Gainesville High School
- [http://ehs.sbac.edu/ Eastside High School] - Eastside High School
- [http://bhs.sbac.edu/ Buchholz High School]
- [http://www.sbac.edu/~kms Kanapaha Middle School]
- [http://www.sbac.edu/~sfhs/ Santa Fe High School]
- [http://www.stfranciscatholichighschool.org/ Saint Francis Catholic High School]

Miscellaneous

- [http://gainesville.fl.us/ Gainesville Internet Namespace Authority]
- [http://www.civicmediacenter.org/ Civic Media Center] - Alternative library and non-corporate press
- [http://www.gainesvillebands.com/ GainesvilleBands.com]
- [http://www.kiss1053.com/ Kiss 105.3 FM, Your Gator Party Station]
- [http://www.1005thebuzz.com/ Buzz 100.5 FM, Alternative] Category:Cities in Florida Category:Alachua County, Florida Category:University towns Category:University of Florida simple:Gainesville, Florida

Tucson, Arizona

Tucson (pronounced ) is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, located 135 miles (217 km) southeast of Phoenix. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 486,699, with a metropolitan area population of 843,746. A July 1, 2004 Census estimate put the city's population at 521,605, and the metropolitan population at 931,210. The population of metropolitan Tucson is expected to exceed 1 million by 2010. In 2004 Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city, and 55th largest metropolitan area in the U.S. It is the largest city in southern Arizona, and the second largest in the state after Phoenix. Two United States Navy vessels have also been named USS Tucson in honor of the city. Major incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, and South Tucson and Sahuarita south of the city. Other communities near Tucson include Catalina, Green Valley, Flowing Wells, Catalina Foothills, Casas Adobes, Vail, and Tanque Verde. The name Tucson comes via Spanish from the O'odham, (pronounced ; roughly, "chuk shon"), meaning "Black Base," a reference to the mostly volcanic mountains on the west side of the city. The most notable of these foothills is Sentinel Peak, better known as "A Mountain" because it sports a large letter A in honor of the nearby University of Arizona, situated in west central Tucson. Tucson is sometimes referred to as "The Old Pueblo." A contest in the 1980s to coin a new nickname produced "The Sunshine Factory," which Tucsonans ignored in favor of the original. Variations in the pronunciation of the city's name are fairly common, as the vowel in the second syllable is often indistinct or omitted altogether (as in ). A comical, intentional mispronunciation of / is also occasionally encountered. The city is often misspelled as "Tuscon" by non-locals, and local residents may pronounce it this way in jest.

History

Tucson was originally inhabited around 7000 BC by early Paleo-Indians, and later replaced by groups designated by archaeologists as the Hohokam. As such, Tucson is at the longest continuously inhabited location in the United States. Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino visited the area in 1692, and founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700. The Spanish established a presidio (fort) in 1775 and the town came to be called "Tucson." Tucson became a part of Mexico after Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821. Following the Gadsden purchase in 1853, Tucson became a part of the United States of America. From August 1861, until mid-1862, Tucson was the capital of the Confederate Territory of Arizona. Until 1863, Tucson and all of Arizona was part of the New Mexico Territory. From 1867 to 1889, Tucson was the capital of the Arizona Territory. The University of Arizona, located in Tucson, was founded in 1885. By 1900 7,531 people lived in Tucson. The population increased gradually to 13,913 in 1910, 20,292 in 1920, and 36,818 in 1940. Tucson's early neighborhoods (some of which are covered by the Tucson Community Center) include Barrio Anita, named for an early settler; El Jardin, named for an early recreational site, Levin's Gardens; and El Ollo, named for a lake that was part of the gardens.
- Bancroft, History of New Mexico and Arizona, (San Francisco, 1880)

Geography

Tucson is located at (32.214476, -110.918192). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 505.3 km² (195.1 mi²). 504.2 km² (194.7 mi²) of it is land and 1.1 km² (0.4 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.22% water. Its elevation is 2,389 ft (728 m) above sea level. Tucson is bounded by four sets of mountains: the Santa Catalina Mountains to the North, the Santa Rita Mountains to the South, the Rincon Mountains to the East, and the Tucson Mountains to the West. The city is located on the Santa Cruz River, although for most of the year it is a dry river bed that floods when the rains come. Tucson is located along I-10, which runs to Phoenix and Los Angeles in the northwest, and through El Paso, Texas to Jacksonville, Florida in the east. I-19 also runs to the south towards Nogales and the U.S.-Mexico border including Huasabas.

Climate

Tucson has two major seasons, summer (subdivided by "monsoon season") and winter (aka "not summer") and two minor seasons, fall and spring. Summer in Tucson is typically from May to October. Early summer is characterized by low humidity, clear skies, and daytime high temperatures that exceed 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Tucsonans jokingly describe the first day of 100-degree weather as when "the ice cracks on the Santa Cruz River," a riverbed that is dry most of the year. The average overnight temperature ranges between 69°F and 74°F. The period of late summer known locally as "monsoon season" (with a few Tucsonans calling the storms "chubascos") typically begins in July, but can begin anytime from June to August. During monsoon season the temperatures are a few degrees lower than during the drier summer, but the humidity is much higher than the rest of the year. This period begins with clouds building up over the Santa Catalina Mountains in the early afternoon followed by intense thunderstorms and rainfall, which rapidly flood normally dry washes. Large areas of the city do not have storm sewers, so monsoon rains flood the main thoroughfares (often constructed in a "vee" shape to conduct water), but usually only for a few hours. At this time of year, motorists are warned to avoid normally dry creekbeds as cars can be swamped or washed away. The evening sky at this time of year is often pierced with dramatic lightning strikes, especially nearby Kitt Peak observatory. Fall typically lasts from late October to November or December. It is much like summer, and similarly dry, with days above 100 degrees typical into early October. Average daytime highs of 84°F, with overnight lows of 55°F is typical fall weather. Tucson experiences mild winters relative to other parts of the United States, but the city's winter storms are, along with monsoon season, when the city gets most of its precipitation. Daytime highs in the winter usually are between 64°F and 69°F, with overnight lows between 38°F and 44°F. The city's economy benefits from a large influx of "snowbird" visitors during the winter months, due to its mild climate. At this time of year cars with out-of-state license plates are commonplace. Spring usually begins in late February or March, and is characterized by rising temperatures and, if there has been sufficient rainfall, several weeks of vivid wildflower blooms, and attendant pollen affecting the allergies of many Tucsonans. When dried by the scorching summer heat, the heavy spring growth provides abundant fuel for wildfires set by lightning or, occasionally, lost hikers. Daytime highs in the spring range from 72°F in March to 88°F in May with overnight lows in March being 45°F and in May being 59°F.

People and culture

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 486,699 people, 192,891 households, and 112,455 families residing in the city. The population density is 965.3/km² (2,500.1/mi²). There are 209,609 housing units at an average density of 415.7/km² (1,076.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 70.15% White, 4.33% Black or African American, 2.27% Native American, 2.46% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 16.85% from other races, and 3.79% from two or more races. 35.72% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. The Native American inhabitants in the area include Tohono O'odham (formerly the Papago), living in the city, on the nearby San Xavier reservation, and in the Tohono O'odham Nation, who may be descendants of the prehistoric inhabitants, as well as 6,800 Yaqui, living in the city (largely in the Old Pascua and Barrio Libre neighborhoods), on the nearby Pascua Yaqui reservation, and in the Yoem Pueblo in the town of Marana, most of whom trace their local ancestry back to arrivals in the late 1800s fleeing persecution in Mexico. There are 192,891 households out of which 29.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.7% are married couples living together, 13.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 41.7% are non-families. 32.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.42 and the average family size is 3.12. In the city the population is rather spread out with 24.6% under the age of 18, 13.8% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 32 years. For every 100 females there are 96.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 93.3 males. The median income for a household in the city is $30,981, and the median income for a family is $37,344. Males have a median income of $28,548 versus $23,086 for females. The per capita income for the city is $16,322. 18.4% of the population and 13.7% of families are below the poverty line. 23.6% of those under the age of 18 and 11.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Because of its arid climate, Tucson has been a historic destination for people with health problems such as arthritis and respiratory illnesses such as tuberculosis. Tucson Medical Center, in fact, was founded as a TB clinic. Many former soldiers who had been gassed during World War I, including Belgian composer Camille van Hulse, came to Tucson in the 1920s in hopes that the dry climate would aid their recovery. The longstanding presence of so many health-seekers has made Tucson extremely health-conscious, and it was in the vanguard in such actions as banning smoking in restaurants.

Annual cultural events and fairs

The Tucson Gem & Mineral Show is held every year in February for three weeks. It is one of the largest and most well-known gem and mineral shows in the world, and it features many of the finest mineral specimens available. There is no single location for display of minerals, but rather dozens of locations spread across town: many big hotels and most motels are occupied for the occasion, with professionals displaying their specimens in such locations as hotel bedrooms, lobbies, tents, and lawns. The show has an estimated attendance of more than 35,000 people from over twenty countries. Attendees frequently include the general public, experts, beginning collectors, museum employees, dealers, retailers, and researchers. Many museums and universities, including the Smithsonian Institution and the Sorbonne, have displayed materials at the show. There are also two Fourth Avenue Street Fairs, in December and March, staged between 9th Street and University Boulevard, that feature arts and crafts booths, food vendors and street performers. The fairs began in 1970 when Fourth Avenue, which at the time had half a dozen thrift shops and the Food Co-Op, was a gathering place for hippies, and a few merchants put tables in front of their stores to attract customers before the holidays. The fairs now draw 200,000 to 350,000 people. Another popular event held in February, which is early spring in Tucson, is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros, or rodeo week. While at its heart the Fiesta is a sporting event, it includes what is billed as the world's largest non-mechanized parade. The rodeo parade is a popular event for families as schools give two rodeo days off instead of Presidents Day. Western wear is seen throughout the city as corporate dress codes are cast aside during the Fiesta.

Media

There are two major daily newspapers in Tucson: the [http://www.azstarnet.com Arizona Daily Star], a morning daily, and the [http://www.tucsoncitizen.com Tucson Citizen], which publishes weekday afternoons and on Saturdays. The Tucson Citizen is the oldest continuously published newspaper in Arizona, established in 1870 as the Arizona Citizen. In 2005, the Star was sold by Pulitzer, Inc. to Lee Enterprises. The Citizen is owned by Gannett. The newspapers participate in a "Joint Operating Agreement" in which non-news, advertising, production and distribution operations are run by Tucson Newspapers Inc., founded in 1940. The Star refers to local residents as "Tucsonans" while the Citizen calls them "Tucsonians." In 1981, Star reporters Clark Hallas and Robert B. Lowe won a Pulitzer Prize for their stories about recruiting violations by University of Arizona football coach Tony Mason. The Tucson Weekly is an alternative weekly publication that is distributed free at numerous locations around Tucson. Other alternative weeklies have included the Frumious Bandersnatch, published in the 1960s by Hugh Holub; the Mountain Newsreal; and another weekly dating from the 1970s using the title Tucson Weekly. In the 90s, author Mark Zepezauer contributed the political Tucson Comic News. Tucson is served by the major television networks: KVOA 4 (NBC), KGUN 9 (ABC), KOLD 13 (CBS), KMSB 11 (FOX), KTTU 18 (UPN), and KWBA 58 (WB). KUAT 6 is a PBS affiliate run by the University of Arizona.

Museums and art collections

There are several museums in the city. The Arizona Historical Society, founded as the Pioneer Historical Society by early settlers, has a collection of artifacts reflecting the city's history--many focusing on the era before statehood was attained in 1912-- as well as a fine collection of original documents in its library, including many interviews with early residents. The Historical Society also operates an original adobe house in the Tucson Community Center that was saved when one of Tucson's earliest barrios was razed as urban renewal. Originally named the Fremont House after Gov. John C. Fremont, who rented it for his daughter, it is now known as the Sosa-Carrillo-Fremont House to more accurately reflect its Latin heritage. The society also operates the Fort Lowell Museum, on the grounds of a military fort established in 1873 during the "Indian Wars" period and abandoned in 1891. The Tucson Museum of Art, which has been around for 25 years, was established as part of an art school. It contains nearly 6,000 objects concentrating on the art of the Americas and its influences. The museum also operates several historic buildings in the neighborhood, including La Casa Cordova, the J. Knox Corbett House, the Edward Nye Fish House and the Stevens/Duffield House. The University of Arizona Art Museum includes works by Franz Kline, Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko as part of the Edward J. Gallagher Memorial Collection, a tribute a young man who was killed in a boating accident. The museum also includes the Samuel H. Kress Collection of European works from the 14th to 19th centuries and the C. Leonard Pfeiffer Collection of American paintings. The UA campus also features the Center for Creative Photography, a leading museum with many works by major artists such as Ansel Adams and Edward Weston. The Mission San Xavier del Bac is a historic Spanish mission, located 10 miles (16 km) south of the city. Built as a set for the movie "Arizona," Old Tucson Studios (west of the Tucson Mountains) is a movie studio for classic Westerns. It was destroyed by arson and the rebuilt site now features a theme park. The Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum is a zoo devoted to Southwestern animals and plants, is located to the west of the Tucson Mountains. The Pima Air & Space Museum, featuring over 250 modern and historical aircraft, is located to the southeast of the city near Davis-Monthan Air Force Base. The Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Center (AMARC) is a facility where the federal government stores all of its out-of-service aircraft. Bus tours are conducted regularly from the Pima Air & Space Museum. There is also the Titan Missile Museum located about 25 miles (40 km) south of the city on I-19. This is a Cold War era Titan nuclear missile silo turned tourist stop.

Parks and outdoor attractions

missile silo The city is home to more than 120 parks, 26 pools (including 7 year-round pools), the Reid Park Zoo, 3 tennis centers, and 3 urban fishing lakes. There are also five public golf courses located throughout the area. Several scenic parks and points of interest are also located nearby, including the Tucson Botanical Gardens, Saguaro National Park, Sabino Canyon, and Biosphere 2 (just north of the city, in the town of Oracle). Fourth Avenue, located near the University of Arizona (UA), is home to many shops, restaurants, and bars, and hosts the annual 4^th Avenue Street Fair every December and March. University Boulevard, leading directly to the UA Main Gate, is also the center of numerous bars, retail shops, and restaurants most commonly frequented by the large student population of the UA. Additionally, the University of Arizona campus has an arboretum and several museums.

Performing arts

Music groups include the Arizona Opera Company, founded as the Tucson Opera Company in 1971, the Tucson Symphony Orchestra, founded in 1921, the Tucson Boys Chorus, Southern Arizona Symphony and Civic Orchestra of Tucson. Theater groups include the Arizona Theatre Company, which performs in the Temple of Music and Art, a mirror image of the Pasadena Playhouse; the Invisible Theatre; and the Gaslight Theatre, which performs melodramas. Additonally, many bands perform at the numerous local clubs. Tucson is also known for its eccelectic underground arts scene localized in the Historic Warehouse Arts District. Performance troupes such as the pyrotechnic theater company, [http://www.flam-chen.com Flam Chen], puppet circus [http://www.tucsonpuppetworks.com Tucson Puppet Works], and the kinectic-sculpturist [http://www.matbevel.com Mat Bevel] are known for their alternative and otherwise, off-kilter shows.

Sports

There are no major league, professional sports in the city. Most residents follow the professional teams of the Phoenix area, as well as the University of Arizona Wildcats in the NCAA. Tucson is home to the Tucson Electric Park, which is the spring training location of the Arizona Diamondbacks (NL), and the Chicago White Sox (AL). The Colorado Rockies (NL) practice at nearby Hi Corbett Field. These teams, along with the nine that practice in nearby Phoenix, make up the Cactus League. The city does field a local minor league team, the Tucson Sidewinders, a triple-A affiliate of the Arizona Diamondbacks. The Sidewinders play in Tucson Electric Park and are in the Pacific Conference South of the Pacific Coast League. Auto racing is also popular, and NASCAR auto races can be found at the Tucson Raceway Park and Southwestern International Raceway. The English Premiership soccer club Charlton Athletic also recently opened a youth academy in Tucson in May 2005.

Economy

Much of Tucson's economic development has been centered around the development of the University of Arizona, which is currently the largest employer in the city. Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, located on the southeastern edge of the city, also provides many jobs for Tucson residents. Its presence, as well as the presence of a US Army Intelligence Center, has led to the development of a significant number of high-tech industries, including government contractors, in the area. Today, there are more than 1,200 businesses employing over 50,000 people in the high-tech industries of Southern Arizona. The City of Tucson, Pima County, the State of Arizona and the private sector have all made commitments to create a growing, healthy economy with high-tech industries as its foundation. Advanced technology companies like Raytheon Missile Systems, Texas Instruments, IBM, Intuit, Inc., America Online, Universal Avionics, Misys Healthcare Systems, and Bombardier, all have a significant presence in Tucson. Tucson is also home to an active film production industry, and many major motion pictures have been filmed in the area. Some popular movies filmed in Tucson include Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore (1974), Arizona (1940), Bodies, Rest and Motion (1993), Boys on the Side (1995), C.C. and Company (1970), Can't Buy Me Love (1987), Dance with the Devil (1997), Flashpoint (1984), Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man (1991), Hombre (1967), How the West Was Won (1962), Jesus' Son (1999), A Kiss Before Dying (1956), Lilies of the Field (1963), Major League (1989), The Postman (1997), Revenge of the Nerds (1984), Revenge of the Nerds II: Nerds in Paradise (1984), Rio Bravo (1959), A Star is Born (1976), Stir Crazy (1980), Terminal Velocity (1994), The Three Amigos (1986), Thunder Alley (1985), and Tin Cup (1996).

Miscellany

- Speedway Boulevard, which begins on the far eastside and runs all the way to the Tucson Mountains, was named the "ugliest street in America" by Life Magazine in the early 1970s, quoting Tucson Mayor James Corbett, who distinguished his political career by biting a woman on the knee during the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago.
- Speedway Boulevard was awarded "Street of the Year" by Arizona Highways in the late 1990's.
- The Beatles song Get Back features Tucson. So does the 10,000 Maniacs song "Painted Desert" and the Paul Simon song "Under African Skies," which is a duet with Tucsonan Linda Ronstadt.
- On Sentinel Peak, just west of downtown, there is a giant "A" in honor of the University of Arizona. It used to be a yearly tradition for freshmen to whitewash the "A." However, at the beginning of the Iraq War, anti-war activists painted it black. This was followed by a paint scuffle wherein the "A" was painted various colors until the City Council said "enough." It is now red, white and blue.
- Tumamoc Hill is higher than neighboring "A" Mountain.
- When the University of Arizona remodeled the Main Auditorium, various campus factions argued over whether it should be renamed Centennial Auditorium or Centennial Hall, so for several years, it was officially referred to it as Centennial.
- Ina Road, a major east-west thoroughfare north of town, is named for UA physical education professor Ina Gittings. Although the street is pronounced "Eye-nah" she pronounced her name "Eee-nah."
- Rita Road, located on Tucson's southeast side, was named by Howard Hughes in honor of his then girlfriend Rita Hayworth. Hughes Aircraft was located there in the 1950s. It has also been suggested that the road was not named after Rita Hayworth, but was named for the Santa Rita Mountains located southeast of Tucson.
- The locally famous saying "That's exactly right, Hank," originated in TV ads for Jim Click Ford, in which announcer Hank Lominac would interview Click. For example: "Jim Click, I understand the new Pintos are on sale at Jim Click Ford. That's exactly right, Hank."
- The local saying "That's a ganga" or "Neighbors, that's a ganga" originated in a series of TV ads for Austin's Bargain Center.

Sister cities

Tucson has eight sister cities, as designated by [http://www.sister-cities.org/ Sister Cities International, Inc.]: Almaty (Kazakhstan), Ciudad Obregon (Sonora, Mexico), County Roscommon (Ireland), Sulaymaniyah (Iraq), Segovia (Spain), Trikala (Greece), Pécs (Hungary), and Guadalajara (Mexico).

Additional reading

#John Bret Harte: Tucson: Portrait of a Desert Pueblo ; American Historical Press; ISBN 1892724251 (hardcover, reissued 2001). #Evelyn S. Cooper: Tucson in Focus: The Buehman Studio ; Arizona Historical Society; ISBN 0-910037-35-3 (hardcover, 1995). A sample of the Buehman Collection, which includes 250,000 glass plate and nitrate negatives from the 1870s to the 1950s. #Bernard L. Fontana: Biography of a Desert Church: The Story of Mission San Xavier del Bac; Tucson Corral of the Westerners; ASIN B0006RHO88 (paperback, 1996) #George Hand: The Civil War in Apacheland ; (Part 1 of George Hand's diary) High Lonesome Books; ISBN 094438336X (paperback, 1996). #George Hand: Whiskey, Six-Guns and Red-Light Ladies; (Part 2 of George Hand's diary) High Lonesome Books; ISBN 0944383300 (paperback, 1995). #Bonnie Henry: Another Tucson; Arizona Daily Star; ISBN 096077582X (hardcover, 1992). #Rosalio Moisés: The Tall Candle: The Personal Chronicle of a Yaqui Indian ; University of Nebraska Press; ISBN 0803207476 (paperback, 2001). #Muriel Thayer Painter: A Yaqui Easter; University of Arizona Press; (paperback, 1971) [http://www.uapress.arizona.edu/onlinebks/YaquiEaster/particip.htm Read online]. #Federico Jose Maria Ronstadt: Borderman, the Memoirs of Federico Jose Maria Ronstadt; University of New Mexico Press. (hardback, 1993) [http://parentseyes.arizona.edu/borderman/index.html Read online]. #Don Schellie: Vast Domain of Blood: The Story of the Camp Grant Massacre; Westernlore Press; ASIN B0006BW3N0 (paperback, 1968). #Jack Sheaffer and Steve Emerine: Jack Sheaffer's Tucson, 1945-1965 Arizona Daily Star; ISBN 0960775811 (hardback, 1985). #Thomas E. Sheridan: Del rancho al barrio: The Mexican legacy of Tucson; Arizona Historical Society (paperback, 1983) #Thomas E. Sheridan: Los Tucsonenses: The Mexican Community in Tucson, 1854-1941; University of Arizona Press; ISBN 0816512981 (paperback, reissued 1992) #C. L. Sonnichsen: Tucson: The Life and Times of an American City; The classic book on Tucson's history; University of Oklahoma Press; ISBN 0806120428 (paperback, reissued 1987)

External links

- [http://www.ci.tucson.az.us/ Official Government Website]
- [http://www.visittucson.org/ Metropolitan Tucson Convention & Visitors Bureau]
- [http://www.tucsonchamber.org/ Metropolitan Tucson Chamber of Commerce]
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- Category:University of Arizona ja:ツーソン

The Impossibles

:This article is about the ska band. For the 1960's animated series, see The Impossibles (cartoon). The Impossibles (cartoon) The Impossibles (1994-2001) were an indie/ska band from Austin, Texas on the Fueled by Ramen label. They broke up at the end of 2001, and members Rory Phillips and Gabe Hascall subsequently went on to form the band Slowreader. Notable songs by The Impossibles include "Widowmaker," "Hey, You Kids!" and "Get It + Got It + Good". Side projects of vocalist and guitarist Rory Phillips have included The Stereo's first album "Three Hundred," Imbroco's "Are You My Lionkiller?" and 20goto10. His latest project is the band Nineteen Ninety-Now.

Members

- Rory Phillips (vocals, guitar)
- Craig Tweedy (bass)
- Pat Elliott (drums)
- Gabe Hascall (vocals, guitar)

Discography

- The Impossibles (November 25, 1997)
- Back for the Attack (EP) (March 10, 1998)
- Anthology '94-'98 (May 11, 1999)
- Return (June 13, 2000)
- 4 Song Brick Bomb (EP) (June 12, 2001)

External links

- [http://www.emusic.com/artist/10563/10563460.html The Impossibles] at [http://www.emusic.com eMusic]
- [http://www.fueledbyramen.com/ Fueled By Ramen] - former label of The Impossibles
- [http://www.myspace.com/roryallenphonics Rory Allen Phillips profile] at MySpace Impossibles, The Impossibles, The Impossibles, The

MACRoCk

MACRoCk, or the Mid-Atlantic College Radio Conference, is a music conference put on annually in Harrisonburg, VA, by James Madison University's WXJM Harrisonburg. The two-day conference is spread through out Harrisonburg, at various venues. It features local, regional, and national musical acts as well as a music label exposition and panels addressing issues of the media, music, DIY projects, and the independent music scene.

MTV

MTV (abbreviation for Music Television) is a cable television network which was originally devoted to music videos, especially popular rock music. MTV later became an outlet for a variety of different material aimed at adolescents and young adults. The network was founded on August 1, 1981 as an operation of Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment, a joint venture of Warner Communications and American Express. In 1985, it was acquired by Viacom Inc., and was folded into MTV Networks, becoming a wholly owned subsidiary. MTV's combination of music videos, youthful video jockeys, irreverent commentary, promotion of special rock concerts, and news and documentaries about bands and performers established the network's popularity with youthful viewers, and it became a leading promoter of new rock music and rock musicians. MTV is often considered a driving force in pop culture.

History

MTV's roots can be traced back to 1977, when Warner-Amex Cable (a joint venture between Warner Communications and American Express) launched the first two-way interactive cable TV system, Qube, in Columbus, Ohio. The Qube system offered many specialized channels, including a children's channel called Pinwheel which would later become Nickelodeon. One of these specialized channels was Sight On Sound, a music channel that featured concert footage and music oriented TV programs; with the interactive Qube service, viewers could vote for their favorite songs and artists. The popularity of the channel prompted Warner Amex to market the channel nationally to other cable services. At midnight on August 1, 1981, the format was changed to music video (using a concept originally devised and sold to Warner Amex by Michael Nesmith, previously a member of the hit pop band The Monkees) and the name was changed to "MTV—Music Television". MTV started in New York City but was available in most of the United States by the mid-1980s with the nationwide expansion of cable. Appropriately, the first music video shown on MTV was "Video Killed the Radio Star" by The Buggles (with similar tongue-in-cheek humor, the first video shown on MTV Europe was "Money for Nothing," by Dire Straits, which starts (and finishes) with repetition of the line "I want my MTV," voiced by Sting; In MTV Latino, the first video shown was "We Are Southamerican Rockers" by the chilean band Los Prisioneros). The early format of the network was modeled after Top 40 radio. Fresh-faced young men and women were hired to host the show's programming, and to introduce videos that were being played. The term VJ (video jockey) was coined, a play on the term DJ (disc jockey.) Many VJs eventually became celebrities in their own right. The early music videos that made up the bulk of the network's programming in the '80s were often crude promotional or concert clips from whatever sources could be found; as the popularity of the network rose, and record companies recognized the potential of the medium as a tool to gain recognition and publicity, they began to create increasingly elaborate clips specifically for the network. Several noted film directors got their start creating music videos, including Spike Jonze, Michel Gondry, and David Fincher. A large number of rock stars of the 1980s and 1990s were made into household names by MTV. 1980s bands immediately identifiable with MTV include Eurythmics, Duran Duran and Bon Jovi. Michael Jackson launched the second wave of his career as an MTV staple. Madonna rose to fame on MTV in the 1980s, and to this day continues to use the network to promote her music. In 1984 the network produced its first MTV Video Music Awards show. Seen as a fit of self-indulgence by a fledgling network at the time, the "VMAs" developed into a music-industry showcase marketed as a hip antidote to the Grammy awards. In 1992, the network would add a movie award show with similar success. After MTV's programming shifted towards heavy metal and rap music, MTV Networks launched a second network, Video Hits 1 (VH1), in 1985. VH1 featured more popular music than MTV. Today, MTV Networks also owns Nickelodeon, a cable channel airing children's and family programming. Nickelodeon MTV started off showing music videos nearly full-time, but as time passed they introduced a variety of other shows, including animated cartoons such as Beavis and Butt-head and Daria; "reality" shows such as The Real World and Road Rules; prank/comedic shows such as The Tom Green Show, Jackass, and Punk'd; and soap operas such as Undressed. By the second half of the 1990s, MTV programming consisted primarily of non-music programming. In 2000, MTV's Fear became the first 'scary' reality show where contestants filmed themselves. The show ran for three seasons and spawned numerous imitations, including the currently running Fear Factor on NBC. In 2002, MTV aired the first episode of another reality show, The Osbournes, based on the everyday life of former, Black Sabbath frontman Ozzy Osbourne, his wife Sharon, and two of their children, Jack and Kelly. The show went on to become one of the network's biggest ever success stories and kick-started a musical career for Kelly Osbourne, while Sharon Osbourne went on to host a talk show on U.S. television. In 2003, Newlyweds, another popular reality TV show that follows the lives of Jessica Simpson and Nick Lachey, a music celebrity couple, began. It has run for three seasons. The success of Newlyweds was followed in June 2004 by The Ashlee Simpson Show, which documented the beginnings of the music career of Ashlee Simpson, Jessica Simpson's younger sister. In the fall of 2004, Ozzy Osbourne's reality show Battle for Ozzfest aired. In 2004, MTV's parent company Viacom bought Germany's largest provider for music television Viva Media AG, thereby creating the largest company for music on the European mainland. In November 2004, MTV announced it would begin airing in February 2005 MTV Base in Africa, [http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=musicNews&storyID=6814113] thereby reaching the world's last major populated area previously not served by MTV. See also: List of MTV Shows

Diversification

The advent of digital satellite and cable has also brought greater diversity including channels such as MTV2, which features the slogan "Where The Music's At." In the U.S., MTV2 focuses on playing music videos and other music-related programming; in Europe, MTV2 plays specific genres of music (mainly alternative and rock). Viacom, parent company of the MTV Networks, is also behind VH1, which is aimed at the older market segments with more focus on music from the 1970s and 1980s; and CMT, which targets the country music market. MTV recently broadcast a new Indian Pop Culture channel called MTV Desi and University-oriented channel mtvU. See also: List of MTV diversification

Criticism

In its early years, MTV was criticized as racist, since the acts it featured were nearly exclusively white. MTV executives countered by claiming that there were few—if any—promotional videos available from black and other minority acts, although artists such as Diana Ross and The Jacksons had been making music videos before MTV existed. Shortly thereafter, the network began heavily featuring videos from Michael Jackson's album Thriller, in particular "Billie Jean" and "Thriller", which became two of the all-time most popular videos on the network. Subsequently, MTV would delve heavily into black musical acts, developing several hip-hop music-themed programs such as Yo! MTV Raps, and a digital cable channel called MTV Jams. MTV is showing many more rap videos today. Because of its visibility as a promotional tool for the recording industry, MTV has been criticized as overly commercial and accused of denigrating the importance of music in the music industry (replacing it with a purely visual aesthetic); this is an ongoing problem for punk and emo bands (example; Green Day, a popular punk band, is made mainstream and the mainstream system is what punk rock rebels against; are they still punk?). As early as 1985, some musicians were criticizing MTV for these reasons, perhaps most famously Dead Kennedys with "MTV Get Off The Air." MTV UK has recently been under fire as it no longer airs any daytime music videos, outside of parts of a few shows like Total Request Live and Making The Video, and focuses primarily on MTV produced reality shows such as The Osbournes and Punk'd. Many argue, however, that as MTV runs nine music channels in the UK, it has delegated music videos to its genre channels in a bid to differentiate itself from the competition of the fourteen other music video-oriented channels. Videos are also often played between other shows and at night. The same criticism has also been made of MTV in the USA, with its dearth of music videos, and its stronger focus on reality shows such as Road Rules, The Real World, and others as well. The primary U.S. MTV channel does occasionally play music videos (albeit rarely) instead of exclusively relegating them to their genre channels. MTV UK has also been attacked for over-use of on-screen graphics, such as logos, programme promotion and countdown timers, and its electronica-themed genre channel MTV Dance is often derided for playing a lack of dance music during the day, preferring a mix of pop-dance, pop, and R&B. Ironically, the channel has also been criticized for lacking programming. Critics also claim that bands sell well because they get a lot of exposure on MTV, rather than MTV picking the best bands to promote; and that MTV has too much influence in the music industry. Although it could be argued that MTV is simply giving airtime to the most popular acts in a given country, the counter-argument could also be made that these acts get popular simply because of the exposure that MTV gives them. There have also been some critics who have said that MTV promotes bad behavior (mainly premarital sex, zoophilia, war propaganda and even recreational drug use) to the youth of America by embracing the behaviors of certain celebrities who are not good role models. It was also said by someone that 'MTV was porn for children!' (later in the evening and during the night, MTV tend to show slightly more adult-themed programming). MTV (and its sister channel, VH1, which also broadcast the event) drew heavy criticism for its coverage of Live 8, the multinational concert of musical artists which raised awareness for African debt relief. The broadcast of the music was limited, as the network cut to its on-air personalities, celebrity interviews, and commercials in the middle of live acts. The epitome of this was the widely reported decision to cut to commercial during Pink Floyd's performance in London, which was bassist Roger Waters' first performance with the rest of the band since 1981. MTV VJ's came onscreen to talk during the first guitar solo in "Comfortably Numb," then cut back for a few seconds before playing a commercial. [http://www.forbes.com/business/energy/feeds/ap/2005/07/02/ap2121757.html 1] Because of the criticism the channel received over this, both MTV and VH1 decided to show the whole 10-hour Live 8 concert again the following weekend, this time without any commercial breaks or VJ interruptions. The channel also faced criticism in the wake of the Super Bowl XXXVIII half time show - which it had produced. This infamous half time show featured the exposure of one of Janet Jackson's breasts, which was shown on live television. Afterwards the NFL indiciated that MTV would not produce any further Super Bowl halftime shows. MTV has also come under criticism for being far too politically correct and sensitive when it came to censorship. This was most prevalent in the eventual decline of the hit show Jackass. The creators of Jackass often felt that MTV's producers did not let the show run its free course due to the excessive restraints they put the Jackass team under. MTV has also heavilly edited a number of music videos, including "45" by Shinedown (It is renamed "Starring Down" & a good portion of the chorus is edited to eliminate gun references), "We Are All On Drugs" by Weezer (It is renamed "We Are All In Love" & lyrics are changed from "On Drugs" to "In Love", & "Hash Pipe" by Weezer (The word "Hash" is obscured).

Political influence

After so many shots to the network about the content of programmes, they started showing a plethora of political and economic shows. These shows include: "think MTV," which talks about current political issues such as gay marriage, the U.S. presidential election (last year they spent a large amount of time on the 2004 election), and war in other countries, among other topics. MTV aired a popular band's Sum 41 trip to the Democratic Republic of Congo, documenting the conflict there. The group ended up being caught in the midst of an attack outside of the hotel and were subsequently flown out of the country. Other politically diverse programmes include "True Life," which documents people's lives and problems, and shows an epilogue of after the show was shot; MTV News Specials, which centers on very current events in both the music industry and the world; and a lot of other shows based on the current times. Last year it covered the 2004 US Presidential election, airing programs focused on the issues and opinions of young people, including a program where viewers could ask questions of Senator John Kerry on live TV.

Cartoons

MTV has a history of cartoons with mature themes, the most notable probably being Beavis and Butt-head, and its spin-off, Daria. Most of its other cartoons have lasted only for a single season, despite usually being original and creative. Some of the cartoons MTV has produced:
- Beavis and Butt-head
- Celebrity Deathmatch
- Clone High
- Daria
- Downtown
- Quads!
- Undergrads
- Cartoon Sushi
- Æon Flux
- The Maxx
- Spy Groove
- Liquid Television
- 3 South

Slogans

- "I want my MTV"
- "MTV... Proud as a Moon Man" (Weird Al Yankovic's spoof of NBC's 1979-1981 slogan Proud as a Peacock)
- "MTV Lives In Your Music"
- "Some People Just Don't Get It"
- "Watch and Learn"
- "M-m-m-m T-t-t-t V-v-v-v"
- "MTV News: You Hear it First"
- "MT-blah: Blah-blah Tele-blah"
- "I love my MTV"
- "The Number One Music Channel" (slogan used for MTV UK from 2000 to 2002 as the channel broadcasts on digital cable and digital satellite, the slogan was axed in 2003. The fact that since then MTV has played very little music may also add to why this slogan was dropped.)
- "I Like..." (MTV Asia)
- "Don't let Jerry Win. Best watch your MTV's"
- "Think"
- "Not on TV, on M-TV"
- "Best Watch Your MTVs"
- "Just See MTV"
- "MTV Enjoy"
- "Nongkrong di MTV" (Slogan in MTV Asia for MTV Indonesia before MTV Indonesia aired (1997-2001)
- "MTV Gue Banget"(MTV indonesia,2001-present)
- "MTV Ayos" (MTV Philippines)
- "Habla Tu MTV"
- "Doodle Doodle Dee. Wubba Wubba Wubba."
- "...Home of Weird-Ass Puppets and Screwed-Up Cartoons."
- "...We Give Squares Something To Bitch About."

Cultural references to MTV

The declining popularity of MTV was featured in the opening credits of an episode of Season 9 of The Simpsons, where Bart Simpson is seen writing the phrase "I no longer want my MTV" repeatedly on a chalkboard in a parody of the opening sequence of the Dire Straits song "Money for Nothing". The song "MTV Get off the Air!" by the Dead Kennedys was a protest against the content and style of music that dominated MTV during the 80's. The Bowling for Soup hit, "1985," contains the line, "Bring back Springsteen, Madonna, way before Nirvana there was U2 and Blondie, and music still on MTV." MTV was also mentioned in the Manowar song "Blow Your Speakers." and in the Reel Big Fish song "Don't Start A Band"

External links

- [http://www.mtv.com/ MTV official site]
- [http://www.mtvasia.com MTV Networks Asia]
- [http://www.mtvne.com/ MTV Networks Europe]
- [http://www.mtv.tv MTV.tv Europe]
- [http://www.mtv.com.br/ MTV Brazil]
- [http://www.mtvla.com/ MTV Latin America]
- [http://www.mtvi.co.id MTV Indonesia]
- [http://www.mtvthailand.com/ MTV Thailand]
- [http://www.mtv.com.au MTV Australia] Category:Companies based in New York City Category:MTV Networks Category:Mexico television networks Category:TV channels with British versions Category:United States television networks Category:Viacom subsidiaries

Butch Vig

Bryan "Butch" Vig (born August 2, 1957 in Viroqua, Wisconsin) is both a rock musician and record producer. Butch Vig first became famous in the music business in 1991 when he produced Nirvana's Nevermind and Smashing Pumpkins' Gish. Before that he had produced lots of small punk rock bands such as Killdozer and The Other Kids. Currently Butch Vig is a member of the popular group Garbage, who have released the albums Garbage (1995), Version 2.0 (1998), Beautifulgarbage (2001) and Bleed Like Me (2005) plus a James Bond theme song for The World Is Not Enough Together with Steve Marker (guitar player of Garbage) he also owns [http://www.smartgeeks.com Smart Studios] where artists such as Nirvana, Smashing Pumpkins, Garbage and Sonic Youth have recorded. Butch Vig is known to use Digidesign Pro Tools audio hardware and software with Apple Macintosh computers. He has used these products to produce the majority of Garbage songs.

Productions

Butch Vig has produced albums for the following artists:
- Nirvana
- Smashing Pumpkins
- Garbage
- AFI
- Sonic Youth
- Killdozer
- Soul Asylum
- L7
- Chainsaw Kittens
- Crash Vegas
- Die Kreuzen
- Helmet
- Tad
- Freedy Johnston
- Gumball
- Laughing Hyenas
- Jessy Moss
- The Other Kids
- The Fluid
- The Young Fresh Fellows
- This Was the Service
- Overwhelming Colorfast

Remixes

Butch Vig has remixed songs for the following artists:
- Depeche Mode
- Nine Inch Nails
- KoЯn
- U2
- EMF
- House of Pain
- Beck
- The Cult
- Alanis Morissette
- Limp Bizkit
- Michael Penn

External links

- [http://www.garbage.suite.dk Butch Vig Productions]
- [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&uid=UIDSUB020404231720501464&sql=B0tk9ikchbb29 All Music Guide entry for Butch Vig]
- [http://www.garbage-discography.co.uk/ Garbage Discography]
Vig, Butch Vig, Butch Vig, Butch Vig, Butch Vig, Butch

Madison, Wisconsin

Madison is the capital of Wisconsin, a state in the United States of America. As of the 2000 census, it has a population of 208,054, making it the second largest city in Wisconsin. It is the county seat of Dane County. Madison is also home to the University of Wisconsin. Together with surrounding communities, the Madison metropolitan area was, according to the 2000 census, home to 366,950 people. The city forms the core of the United States Census Bureau's Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Dane County and neighboring Iowa and Columbia counties, had a 2000 census population of 501,774. Madison is 77 miles west of Milwaukee.

History

Milwaukee Madison was created in 1836 when a former federal judge named James Duane Doty purchased over a thousand acres (4 km²) of swamp and forest land surrounding lakes Mendota, Monona, Kegonsa, and Waubesa, then known as the Four Lakes region, with the intention of building a new city on the site. Wisconsin Territory had been created earlier in the year, and the territorial legislature had convened in Belmont, Wisconsin. One of the legislature's tasks was to choose a permanent location for the territory's capital city. James Duane Doty lobbied aggressively for the legislature to select Madison as the new capital, offering buffalo robes to the freezing legislators and promising choice Madison lots at discount prices to undecided voters. He had James Slaughter plat two cities in the area, Madison and "The City of Four Lakes", near present-day Middleton. Despite the fact that Madison was still only a city on paper, the territorial legislature voted on November 28 in favor of choosing Madison for its capital largely because of its location halfway between the new and growing cities around Milwaukee in the east and the long established strategic post of Prairie du Chien in the west, and because of its location between the highly populated lead mining regions in the southwest and Wisconsin's oldest city, Green Bay in the northeast. Being named for a much-admired founding father who had just passed away, and having streets named after every founding father, also helped attract votes. Green Bay The cornerstone for the Wisconsin capitol building was laid in 1837, and the legislature first met there in 1838. Madison was incorporated as a village in 1846, with a population of 626. When Wisconsin became a state in 1848, Madison remained the capital city, and it became host to the University of Wisconsin. The Milwaukee & Mississippi Railroad (a predecessor of what would become known as the Milwaukee Road) connected to Madison in 1854. Madison became a city in 1856, with a population of 6,863. During the American Civil War, Madison served as a center of the Union Army in Wisconsin. Camp Randall was built and was used as a training camp, a military hospital, and a prison camp for captured Confederate soldiers. After the war ended, Camp Randall was absorbed into the grounds of the University of Wisconsin. Camp Randall Stadium was built over the site in 1917. Madison continued its growth throughout the 20th Century. Today Madison is the second largest city in Wisconsin, and continues to grow steadily.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 219.3 km² (84.7 mi²). 177.9 km² (68.7 mi²) of it is land and 41.5 km² (16.0 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 18.91% water. The city completely surrounds the smaller Town of Madison, as well as Maple Bluff and Shorewood Hills.

Lakes

Shorewood Hills The city is often described as The City of Four Lakes, comprised of Lake Mendota, Lake Monona, Lake Wingra and Lake Waubesa, although Waubesa is not actually in Madison, but rather immediately south of it. The downtown is located on an isthmus between lakes Mendota and Monona, but the city has long since expanded far beyond. The lakes are connected via the Yahara River to Lake Kegonsa. Eventually the Yahara flows into the Rock River and beyond to the Mississippi River.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 208,054 people, 89,019 households, and 42,462 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,169.8/km² (3,029.7/mi²). There are 92,394 housing units at an average density of 519.5/km² (1,345.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 83.96% White, 5.84% African American, 0.36% Native American, 5.80% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.67% from other races, and 2.32% from two or more races. 4.09% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. The metropolitan area of Madison as of 2003 is 526,742 inhabitants, which is the 2nd biggest in Wisconsin. With all the universities and colleges in Madison, the population exceeds 260,000. There are 89,019 households out of which 22.1% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.0% are married couples living together, 7.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 52.3% are non-families. 35.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.19 and the average family size is 2.87. In the city the population is spread out with 17.9% under the age of 18, 21.4% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 31 years. For every 100 females there are 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 95.0 males. The median income for a household in the city is $41,941, and the median income for a family is $59,840. Males have a median income of $36,718 versus $30,551 for females. The per capita income for the city is $23,498. 15.0% of the population and 5.8% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 11.4% of those under the age of 18 and 4.5% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Education

Madison is home to the University of Wisconsin-Madison, as well as Edgewood College, Madison Area Technical College, and Herzing College, giving the city a student population of nearly 50,000. The University of Wisconsin in Madison contributes the vast majority of these, with roughly 40,000 students enrolled. This makes it one of the largest public universities in the United States. It is consistently rated among the top public post-secondary schools in the country, and has outstanding courses, professors, and programs. In a Forbes magazine city ranking from 2003, Madison had the highest number of Ph.D.s per capita, and third highest college graduates per capita, among ranked cities in the United States. [http://www.weac.org/GreatSchools/Economy/2003-04/Still-5-17-04.htm] Sports make up a large part of the campus experience at the university, both intramural and intercollegiate. The University's athletic teams, nicknamed "The Badgers" (and sometimes refered to as "Big Red" as in "Go Big Red!"), are consistently among the best in United States, drawing throngs of students, alumni, and state residents to their contests. Additional degree programs are available through satellite campuses of Lakeland College and Upper Iowa University for students who maintain full-time employment. The Madison Metropolitan School District [http://www.madison.k12.wi.us/] is one of the best in the state with an enrollment of approximately 25,000 students in 46 schools. Madison has more than six times the National Merit Scholar Semifinalists than comparable school districts. The five public high schools are: James Madison Memorial, Madison West, Madison East, LaFollette, and Malcolm Shabazz, an alternative school. The most notable of the private schools is Edgewood High, [http://www.edgewood.k12.wi.us/index.html] located on the Edgewood College campus.

Politics

Madison will always be associated with the name of "Fighting Bob" La Follette and the Progressive movement. La Follette's Magazine, The Progressive, founded in 1909, is still published in Madison today. City voting patterns have supported the Democratic Party in national elections in the last half-century, and a liberal and progressive majority is generally elected to the city council. Detractors refer to Madison as The People's Republic of Madison, or as "70 square miles surrounded by reality" (alternatively, this number has been 30). This latter phrase was coined by former Wisconsin Republican governor Lee S. Dreyfus while campaigning in 1978, as recounted by campaign aide Bill Kraus. The counterculture was centered in the neighborhood of Mifflin and Bassett streets, referred to as Mifflin-Bassett or Miffland. The area contained many three-story apartments where students and counterculture youth lived, used illegal substances, painted murals, and operated the co-operative grocery store Mifflin Street Co-op. The neighborhood often came into conflict with authorities, particularly then Republican Mayor Bill Dyke, a one-time personality on WISC-TV who was later to run for vice-president with segregationist Lester Maddox. Dyke was viewed by students as a direct antagonist in efforts to protest the Vietnam War, due to his efforts to suppress the campus riots that resulted in property damage. Madison is also home to the Freedom From Religion Foundation, which attempts to influence government in matters of removing any and all religious references from governmental entities and activities. The foundation is known for its lawsuits against religious displays on public property, among other things. In recent years, they have made removal of In God We Trust from American currency a main focus. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, thousands of students and other citizens took part in anti-Vietnam War marches and demonstrations, with more violent incidents drawing national attention to the city and UW campus. These include:
- the 1967 student protest of Dow Chemical Company, with 74 injured;
- the 1969 strike to secure greater representation and rights for African American students and faculty, which necessitated the involvement of the Wisconsin Army National Guard;
- the 1970 fire that caused damage to the Army ROTC headquarters housed in the Old Red Gym, also known as the Armory; and
- the 1970 late summer pre-dawn ANFO bombing of Sterling Hall which housed the Army Mathematics Research Center, killing a post-doctoral student, Robert Fassnacht. Four bombers in the "New Year's Gang" were linked to the bombing, one of whom remain at large These protests were the subject of the documentary The War at Home [http://movies2.nytimes.com/gst/movies/movie.html?v_id=52754]. Tom Bates also wrote the book Rads on the subject (ISBN 0060924284). Bates wrote that Dyke's attempt to suppress the annual Mifflin Street block party "would take three days, require hundreds of officers on overtime pay, and engulf the student community from the nearby Southeast Dorms to Langdon Street's fraternity row. Tear gas hung like heavy fog across the Isthmus." In the fracas, student activist Paul Soglin, then a city alderman, was arrested and taken to jail. Soglin was later elected mayor of Madison, serving from 1973 to 1979 and from 1989 to 1997, by his latter term aligned ideologically in the moderate wing of the Democratic Party. Madison city politics has remained dominated by activists of liberal and progressive ideologies, particularly in the downtown and east side of the city. In 1992, the local third party Progressive Dane was founded, which organizes to influence local politics through the city council and the Dane County Board of Supervisors. Recently enacted city policies supported in the Progressive Dane platform have included an inclusionary zoning ordinance and a city minimum wage. The party holds multiple seats on the Madison City Council and Dane County Board of Supervisors, and is aligned variously with the Democratic and Green parties.

Economy

Progressive Dane The Wisconsin state government and the University of Wisconsin remain major Madison employers. However, Madison's economy today is evolving from a manufacturing and governmental serviced based economy to a consumer services and high-tech base, particularly in the health, biotech and advertising sectors. Beginning in the early 1990's, the city has experienced a steady economic boom and has been comparatively unaffected by recession. Much of the expansion has occurred on the city's south and west sides, but it has also affected the east side near the Interstate 90-94 interchange and along the northern shore of Lake Mendota. Underpinning the boom is the development of high-tech companies, many actively fostered by the University of Wisconsin working with local businesses and entrepreneurs to transfer the results of academic research into real-world applications, most notably bio-tech applications. Many businesses are attracted to Madison's exceptional skill base, taking advantage of the area's high level of education: Forbes Magazine reported in 2004 that Madison has the highest percentage of Ph.D.s in the nation.

Businesses

The pizza chains Rocky Rococo[http://www.rockyrococo.com/] and Pizza Pit[http://www.pizzapit.com/] were both started in Madison. Rocky's was eventually bought by a California firm from the two university students who founded it. Madison is also home to companies such as Rayovac, Alliant Energy,American Family Insurance, the Credit Union National Association, CUNA Mutual Group. Oscar Mayer has been a Madison fixture for decades, and was a family business for many, many years before being sold to Kraft Foods. The Pleasant Company was started in Madison by Pleasant Rowland. The Pleasant Company was bought out by Mattel and renamed American Girl for its most famous product line. Great Wisconsin Credit Union, Wisconsin's largest credit union and formally named CUNA Credit Union, has its headquarters in Madison and has many branches around the area and in the state. Madison has a large number of technology companies in the area, including Sonic Foundry, Raven Software, and Epic Systems Corporation[http://www.epicsystems.com]. One large employer was Persoft, which is now Esker[http://www.esker.com]. Many biotech firms exist here as well, including Promega[http://www.promega.com] and the Iceland-based Nimblegen [http://nimblegen.com].

Culture

In 1996 Money magazine identified Madison as the best place to live in the United States. It has consistently ranked near the top of the best-places list in subsequent years, with the city's low unemployment rate a major contributor. Madison has constantly been rated one of the top 10 best cities to live in, almost every year. The main downtown thoroughfare is State Street, which links the University of Wisconsin campus with the State Capitol square, and is lined with restaurants, espresso cafes, and shops. Only pedestrians, buses, police, delivery vehicles and bikes are allowed on State Street (though it was originally an ordinary commercial street), which is an east-west street in contrast to the diagonal streets of the Isthmus and Capitol Square. Continuing on the other side of Capitol Square is King Street, which is now developing along the lines that State Street has, but with less of a student character, and more appeal to the growing young white-collar high-tech population in Madison (whose residents jokingly refer to the post-graduate crowd). Thus King Street has more upper-end restaurants and cafes than are found on the more student-budget State Street. In the summer time, on Saturday mornings, the Dane County Farmers' Market — the largest farmers' market in the nation — is held around the Capitol Square. On Wednesday evenings on the same square in summer, the [http://www.wcoconcerts.com/ Wisconsin Chamber Orchestra] performs free concerts to people picnicking on the Capitol's lawn. The Independence Day celebration, called Rhythm and Booms, includes musical performance by the [http://www.madisonsymphony.org/ Madison Symphony Orchestra] and fireworks set off over Lake Mendota and Warner Park, claimed as the largest fireworks display in the Midwest. The Great Taste of the Midwest [http://mhtg.org] craft beer festival, the second longest running such event in North America, is the second Saturday in August and the highly coveted tickets sell out within a few hours when they go on sale in May. Madison is host to Rhythm and Booms[http://www.rhythmandbooms.com], a massive fireworks celebration (coordinated to music) that begins with a fly-over by several F16s from the local Wisconsin Air National Guard that break the sound barrier over the city (the only time that this is allowed). This celebration is larger than the one put on by Disney, and is the largest fireworks display in the Midwest. During the winter months, Madison hosts Kites on Ice[http://www.madisonfestivals.com/kites/index.html], a gathering of kite-flying enthusiasts on the ice of local Lake Monona near the state capitol. In 2004 Madison was named the healthiest city in America by Men's Journal magazine. Many major streets in Madison have designated bike lanes and the city has one of the most extensive bike trail systems in the nation. Due to this, Madison has a very active cyclist culture and it is common place to see groups of friends bicycling together throughout the city on nice days. Bicycle tourism is an $800 million industry in Wisconsin, which has 20 percent of the nation's bicycling industry manufacturing capacity. [http://www.bfw.org/new_bfw/projects/Final_Bicycle_Economic.pdf] Madison was named the least photographic city in the United States by Photography Magazine, but the reason for this is unclear. This is especially unusual given the number of other, more positive awards given to the city, as well as being host to such architectural landmarks as