:: wikimiki.org ::
| Karigasniemi |
KarigasniemiKarigasniemi is a village on the border between Norway and Finland, situated on the bank of river Anarjohka 18 kilometres south-east of Karasjok. It lies on the road between Lakselv, on the north Finnmark coast, and more southerly parts of Finland. Karigasniemi is home to a few hundred people but has three shops and five bars and restaurants, merely because a lot of border traffic from the Norwegian side.
Norway
The Kingdom of Norway (Norwegian: Kongeriket Norge / Kongeriket Noreg) is a Nordic country on the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, bordering Sweden, Finland and Russia, with territorial waters bordering Danish and British waters. Norway's extensive coastline along the North Atlantic Ocean is home to its famous fjords. The country has a very elongated shape. The arctic island territories of Svalbard and Jan Mayen are under Norwegian sovereignty and are part of the Kingdom. Bouvet Island in the South Atlantic Ocean and Peter I Island in the South Pacific Ocean are also external dependencies, but these are not considered part of the Kingdom. Additionally, Norway has a claim for Dronning Maud Land in Antarctica.
History
In the 9th century Norway consisted of a number of petty kingdoms. According to tradition, Harald Fairhair gathered the small kingdoms into one and in 872 with the battle of Hafrsfjord, he established a feudal state.
The Viking age (8th to 11th centuries) was one of national unification and expansion. The Norwegians settled on Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Greenland and parts of the British Islands and attempted to settle at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland, Canada (perhaps the Vinland of The Saga of Eric the Red). Norwegians founded the modern day Irish cities of Dublin, Cork, Limerick and Waterford and captured the Anglo-Saxon city of Eoforwic renaming it Jorvik, today known as York. The Norwegian Rollo invaded and was ceded Normandy by the French king Charles the Simple in 911. Rollo's great-great-great-grandson William the Conqueror successfully invaded and conquered England in 1066.
The Norwegian royal line died out in 1387, partly because of the grand recession after the black plague in 1349, wiping out the majority of the population, and partly because Queen Margrethe's son, heir to the throne, died at barely 17 years of age. The country entered a long period as the weaker part of a union first with Denmark and Sweden – the Kalmar Union – then with Denmark. Margrethe was also queen of Denmark and Sweden. With the forced introduction of Protestantism in 1537, Norway lost the steady stream of pilgrims to the relics of Saint Olav at the Nidaros shrine. With them, ironically, went much of the contact with the cultural and economical life of the rest of Europe. Also, the 17th century saw Norway's total area decrease with the loss of the territories Bohuslän, Jämtland and Härjedalen to Sweden. In the light of national romanticism during the 19th century, this period was by some called the "400-year night".
After Denmark-Norway sided with Napoleon in the Napoleonic Wars, Norway was ceded to the king of Sweden in 1814. However, Norway declared her independence, adopted a constitution based on American and French models and elected the Danish prince Christian Fredrik as king on 17 May 1814. Norway was forced into a personal union with Sweden, but kept its liberal constitution and independent institutions, except for the foreign service. Growing Norwegian dissatisfaction with the union during the late 19th century, national romanticism, growing national culture, literature (Henrik Ibsen, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson), painting (Hans Gude, Adolph Tiedemand), and music (Edvard Grieg) spawned the dissolution of the union on 7 June 1905. The Norwegian government offered the throne of Norway to Danish Prince Carl. After a referendum confirming the monarchy, the Parliament unanimously elected him king. He took the name of Haakon VII, after the medieval kings of independent Norway. In 1913, Norwegian women gained suffrage.
Norway was a neutral country during World War I. Norway also attempted to claim neutrality during World War II, but was invaded by German forces on the 9th of April 1940 (Operation Weserübung). The Allies also had plans to invade Norway, in order to take advantage of her strategically important Atlantic coast, but were thwarted by the German operation. Norway put up a stiff fight against the German occupation and armed resistance in Norway went on for two months. King Haakon and the Norwegian government continued the fight from exile in Rotherhithe, London. On the day of the invasion, the collaborative leader of the small National-Socialist party Nasjonal Samling — Vidkun Quisling — tried to seize power, but was forced by the German occupiers to step aside. Real power was wielded by the leader of the German occupation authority, Reichskommissar Josef Terboven. Quisling, as minister president, later formed a government under German control. During the five years of Nazi occupation, Norwegians built a strong resistance movement which fought the German occupation forces with both armed resistance and civil disobedience.
In 1944, the Germans evacuated the provinces of Finnmark and northern Troms, using a scorched earth tactic to create a vast area of No-man's land in response to the Red Army attacking their positions in eastern Finnmark. The Soviets attacked into eastern Finnmark to create a buffer zone after pushing the German forces out of the arctic Kola peninsula. The Russians peacefully returned the area to Norwegian control after the war. The German forces in Norway surrendered on 8 May 1945.
The occupation during World War II disturbed the Norwegians' confidence in neutrality, and they turned instead to collective security. Norway was one of the signatories of the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949 and was a founding member of the United Nations, providing its first secretary general – Trygve Lie. Norway has twice voted against joining the European Union (in 1972 and 1994), but is associated with the EU via the European Economic Area. However, Norway is a member of the much smaller European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
Politics
Norway is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government.
The Royal House is a branch of the princely family of Glücksburg, originally from Schleswig-Holstein in Germany. [http://www.kongehuset.no/dt_kongehuset_allAtOnce.asp?ogid=21&mgid=21&gid=54&aid=] The functions of the King, Harald V, are mainly ceremonial, but he has influence as the symbol of national unity. Although the constitution of 1814 grants important executive powers to the king, these are almost always exercised by the Council of State in the name of the King (King's Council, or cabinet). The reserve powers vested in the Monarch by the constitution are however significant and an important security part of the role of the Monarchy, and were last used during World War II. The Council of State consists of a Prime Minister and his council, formally appointed by the King. Since 1884, parliamentarism has ensured that the cabinet must have the support of the parliament, so the appointment by the King is a formality.
parliamentarism
The Norwegian parliament, Stortinget, currently has 169 members (increased from 165, effective from the elections of 12 September 2005). The members are elected from the 19 counties for 4-year terms according to a system of proportional representation. After elections the Storting divides into two chambers, the Odelsting and the Lagting, which meet separately or jointly depending on the agenda. Laws are proposed by the Odelsting and decided by the Lagting or, in case of disagreement, by the joint Storting. Impeachment cases are raised by the Odelsting and judged by the Lagting as part of the High Court of the Realm. Apart from this, the Storting functions as a unicameral parliament.
The regular courts include the Supreme Court or Høyesterett (17 permanent judges and a chief justice), courts of appeal, city and district courts, and conciliation councils. Judges attached to regular courts are appointed by the King in council after nomination by the Ministry of Justice. The special High Court of the Realm, which consists of the Supreme Court plus the Lagting, hears impeachment cases.
In order to form a government, more than half (currently at least 10 out of 19 members) of the Council of State are required to belong to the Evangelical Lutheran Church.
Counties
Evangelical Lutheran Church
Norway is divided into 19 administrative regions, called fylker (singular fylke) and 433 kommuner (singular kommune). Fylke and kommune are officially translated to English as county and municipality. The fylke is the intermediate administration between state and municipality.
- Akershus
- Aust-Agder
- Buskerud
- Finnmark
- Hedmark
- Hordaland
- Møre og Romsdal
- Nordland
- Nord-Trøndelag
- Oppland
- Oslo
- Østfold
- Rogaland
- Sogn og Fjordane
- Sør-Trøndelag
- Telemark
- Troms
- Vest-Agder
- Vestfold
See also Regions of Norway.
Geography
Regions of Norway
The landscape is generally rugged and mountainous, topped by glaciers, and its coastline of over 83,000 km [http://odin.dep.no/odin/engelsk/norway/environment/032091-991558/dok-bn.html] is punctuated by steep-sloped inlets known as fjords, as well as a multitude of islands and islets. The Northern part of the country is also known as the Land of the Midnight Sun because of its northern location, north of the Arctic Circle, where for part of each summer the sun does not set, and in winter much of its land remains dark for long periods. The southern part is not known for this, however in summertime, the sun is only away for a few hours.
Norway is bounded for its entire length by seas of the North Atlantic Ocean: the North Sea to the southwest and its large inlet the Skagerrak to the south, the Norwegian Sea to the west, and the Barents Sea to the northeast. To the east, in order from south to north, it shares a long border with Sweden, a shorter one with Finland, and a still shorter one with Russia. Norway's highest point is the Galdhøpiggen at 2,469 m. With a maximum depth of 514 m, Hornindalsvatnet is Norway's and Europe's deepest lake.
The Norwegian climate is fairly temperate, especially along the coast under the influence of the Gulf Stream. The inland climate can be more severe and to the north more subarctic conditions are found, especially in Finnmark.
Climate data for some cities in different regions of the country; base period 1961-1990 (temperatures are 24hr average):
Data from Norges Meteorologiske Institutt (Norwegian Meteorological Institute).
Note: Temperatures have tended to be higher in recent years (see main article).
[http://met.no/english/climate/ Norwegian Meteorological Institute: The climate of Norway]
Economy
main article
The Norwegian economy is a prosperous bastion of social capitalism, featuring a combination of free market activity and government intervention. The government controls key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector (through large-scale state enterprises). The country is richly endowed with natural resources - petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals - and is highly dependent on its petroleum production and international oil prices; in 2004, oil and gas accounted for 50% of exports. Only Saudi Arabia and Russia export more oil than Norway, which is not a member of OPEC. The last 25 years, the Norwegian economy has shown various signs of the economic phenomenon called Dutch disease.
Norway opted to stay out of the European Union during a referendum in 1972, and again in November 1994. However, Norway, together with Iceland and Liechtenstein, participate in the EU's single market via the European Economic Area (EEA) agreement.
In 2000 the government sold one-third of the then 100% state-owned oil company Statoil. The economic growth was 0.8% in 1999, 2.7% in 2000, and 1.3% in 2001. After little growth in 2002 and 2003, the economy expanded more rapidly in 2004.
With arguably the highest quality of life worldwide, Norwegians still worry about that time in the next two decades when the oil and gas begin to run out. Accordingly, Norway has been saving its oil-boosted budget surpluses in a Government Petroleum Fund, which is invested abroad and at the end of the second quarter of 2005 was valued at 181.5 billion US dollars . Economical overheating is avoided by the partial saving - rather than spending - of the oil revenues which are of very big importance for a relatively small country.
Demographics
The Norwegian population is 4.6 million and increases by 0.4% per year (estimate July 2004). Ethnically most Norwegians are Nordic / North Germanic, while small minorities in the north are Finnish (see also Cwen). The Sami are instead considered an indigenous people, and traditionally live in the Northern parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. The largest concentration of Sami people is, however, found in the Norwegian capital of Oslo.
In recent years, immigration has accounted for more than half the population growth, and 7.9% of the population are immigrants as of 1 January 2005. Norway only takes in a very limited number of asylum seekers and aims to repatriate these people as quickly as possible. The largest immigrant groups are Pakistanis, Swedes, Danes, Iraqis, Vietnamese and Somalis. (Here, immigrants are defined as persons with two foreign-born parents [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/00/minifakta_en/en/minifakta.pdf].)
Approximately 86% of the inhabitants are members of the Evangelic Lutheran Church of Norway (state church). Other Christian societies total about 4.5% (the Evangelical Lutheran Free Church, the Catholic Church, Pentecostal congregations, the Methodist Church, etc.). Among non-Christian religions, Islam is the largest in Norway with about 1.5%, and other religions are at less than 1% each. About 1.5% belong to the secular Human Ethical Union. As of 1 January 2003 approximately 5% of the population are unaffiliated ([http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/07/02/10/trosamf_en/]).
The Norwegian language has two official written forms, Bokmål and Nynorsk. They have officially equal status, i.e. they are both used in public administration, in schools, churches, and on radio and television, but Bokmål is used by the majority. Around 95 percent of the population speak Norwegian as their native tongue, although many speak dialects that differ significantly from the written language. Nevertheless, all of the Norwegian dialects are interintelligible. Several Sami languages are spoken and written throughout the country, especially in the north, by the Sami people. The Germanic Norwegian language and the Finno-Ugric Sami languages are entirely unrelated. However, the Finnish language bears some similarities to the Sami language.
Culture
Famous Norwegians include the playwrights/novelists Baron Ludvig Holberg and Henrik Ibsen, explorers Roald Amundsen, Fridtjof Nansen, and Thor Heyerdahl, expressionist painter Edvard Munch and the romanticist composer Edvard Grieg. The playwright/novelists Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Knut Hamsun and Sigrid Undset have all won the Nobel Prize in Literature, in 1903, 1920 and 1928 respectively.
Norwegians celebrate their national day on May 17, Constitution Day. Many people wear bunad (traditional costumes) and most participate in or watch the 17 May parade through the towns.
Henrik Wergeland was the founder of the 17 May parade. These parades differ markedly from those of many other countries in that, rather than the military parades of, for example, France, they consist of children.
- Music of Norway
- Norse mythology
- [http://www.nfi.no/english/norwegianfilms/ Norwegian films]
- Norwegian Theatres
Miscellaneous topics
- Holidays in Norway
- Infrastructure in Norway
- Car numberplates in Norway
- Communications
- Power supply
- Transportation
- Foreign relations of Norway
- Military of Norway
- List of cities in Norway
- List of national parks of Norway
- List of Norwegian companies
- List of Norwegian language radio stations
- List of Norwegian newspapers
- List of Norwegian television channels
- List of Norwegians
- List of schools in Norway
- Norwegian literature
- Norwegian national football team
- Norwegian Premier League
- Norwegian State Educational Loan Fund
- Regions of Norway
- Tourism in Norway
- Cuisine of Norway
- Philharmonic Orchestras in Norway
- Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra
- Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra
International rankings
- [http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html GDP per capita] - 4th of 231 countries
- Human Development Index - 1st of 177 countries 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001
- Index of Economic Freedom - 29th of 155 countries
- Reporters Without Borders Worldwide press freedom index - 1st of 166 countries 2003, 2002
- [http://www.savethechildren.org/mothers/report_2004/images/pdf/SOWM_2004_final.pdf Save the Children: State of the World's Mothers 2004] Children's Index: Rank 1, Women's Index: Rank 6, Mother's Index: Rank 6 (119 countries)
- [http://www.transparency.org/pressreleases_archive/2004/2004.10.20.cpi.en.html Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2004] - 8th of 145 countries
- [http://www.weforum.org/site/homepublic.nsf/Content/Global+Competitiveness+Programme%5CGlobal+Competitiveness+Report World Economic Forum: Global Competitiveness Report 2004-2005] - 6th of 104 countries
External links
- [http://www.norway.info Norway.info] - Norway - the Official site
- [http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/00/minifakta_en/en/index.html Minifacts about Norway from Statistics Norway]
- [http://odin.dep.no/odin/english/bn.html ODIN] Information from the Government and Ministries
- [http://www.stortinget.no/english Official site of the Parliament (Stortinget)]
- [http://www.kongehuset.no/default.asp?lang=eng Official site of the Royal House]
- [http://www.norway.org Official website for the Norwegian Embassy in Washington, DC]
- [http://www.norway.no Norway.no] - Official portal
- [http://www.lovdata.no/info/lawdata.html Translated Norwegian legislation]
- [http://www.odin.dep.no/odin/engelsk/norway/system/032005-990424/ The Norwegian Constitution in English]
- [http://www.ub.uio.no/ujur/publikasjoner/skriftserie/18/ Sources to Legal Information in Norway]
- [http://www.norges-bank.no/english/notes_and_coins/ Norges Bank - current notes and coins]
- [http://www.norges-bank.no/english/ The Central Bank of Norway]
- [http://www.world-newspapers.com/norway.html Norwegian news in English]
- [http://odin.dep.no/ud/html/2000/minifakta/e/eng-02.html Public holidays in Norway]
- [http://ngis2.statkart.no/norgesglasset/default.html Searchable map of Norway]
- [http://www.domstol.no/Domstolene/index.asp?startID=&topExpand=1000010&menuitemid=1000033&strUrl=//internet/showObject.asp?i=1000107 The Norwegian court system]
- [http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp237_e.htm WTO: Trade Policy Review: Norway]
- [http://www.stavanger-web.com/jul/christma.htm Christmas in Norway]
- [http://www.studyinnorway.no/ Study In Norway]
als:Norwegen
zh-min-nan:Norge
[[got:
Karasjok
Karasjok (Kárášjohka in Sami) is a township and municipality in the county of Finnmark, Norway.
The municipality is situated along the upper river basin of the Deatnu / Tana river, and its tributaries Anarjohka and Karasjohka, and includes large tracts of the high plateau of Finnmarksvidda. In this far northeastern part of Norway, climate is much more continental compared to the typical coastal climate in Norway. Situated in a river valley on this plateu, Karasjok has recorded the coldest temperature ever in Norway: -51.4C on January 1., 1886.
But on January 1999, there was also a cold shock, on the "official" temperature it was recorded -51.2C, but that was early that day. Later the same day it was recorded unofficialy -52C. Which could have been the new national record.
At Karigasniemi there is an official border crossing with Finland, and the European route E6 is passing through on its way from Lakselv to Tana. The nearest airport is in Lakselv.
80% of the population is Sami speaking, and Sami and Norwegian have equal status in the municipality.
Most people live in Karasjok village. The village is the seat of the Samediggi, the Sami parliament in Norway, as well as of the Sami broadcasting, and several Sami institutions, public and private, are to be found here.
The attractions include the Sami parliament, Samediggi, the Sami museum and the church, dating from 1807. The Sami parliament was opened in 1989, by King Olav V, the first Samiparliamentpresident was Ole Henrik Magga, from Kautokeino. He was the president for more than eight years. The church in Karasjok is the oldest lutheran church in Finnmark, and the only building to survive the war damage. The church is today too small, so a big, wooden church, inspired by Sami architecture, has been built. Karasjok is also the place to look for duoddji, Sami handicraft.
Category:Municipalities of Norway
Category:Towns in Norway
FinnmarkFinnmark (Sami Finnmárku) is a county in the extreme northeast of Norway, bordering Troms to the west, Finland (Lapland) to the south and Russia (Murmansk Oblast) to the east. Finnmark borders the Norwegian Sea to the northwest, and to the north and northeast is the Barents Sea (part of the Arctic Ocean). Finnmark is also part of the Lapland region, which spans four countries, as well as the Barents Region.
Geography and Nature
Finnmark is the northern- and easternmost county of Norway (Svalbard is not considered a county). In area, Finnmark is Norway's largest county, and is larger than Denmark. However, with a population of only 74,000, it is also the least populated.
Knivskjellodden in Nordkapp municipality (on Magerøya island) is the northernmost point of Europe; Kinnarodden at Nordkyn is the northermost point on the European mainland. Vardø is the easternmost point in Norway and western Europe, and is actually east of Istanbul.
Istanbul
The northern and western parts of the county are indented by fjords. Some of Norway's largest sea birds colonies can be seen on the northern coast. The highest mountains, with glaciers like Øksfjordjøkelen and Seilandsjøkelen is located in the western part of Finnmark, while the sentral and eastern part of the county is generally less mountaineous.
The nature varies from barren coastal areas facing the Barents Sea, to more sheltered fjord areas and river valleys with gullies and tree vegetation, the most lush being the Alta area and the Tana (river) valley. In the east is the lowland area in the Pasvik valley in Sør-Varanger, where the pine forest shares many characteristics with the Russian taiga vegetation. Brown bears are not unusual in this eastern part of Finnmark. In the interior is the Finnmarksvidda plateu, with an elevation of approximately 400 m, with numerous lakes and river valleys, and famous for it's tens of thousands of reindeer owned by the Sami. Finnmarksvidda makes up 36% of the county's area. Stabbursdalen national park ensures protection for the world's most northern pine forest.
Tanaelva, which partly defines the border with Finland, gives the largest catch of salmon of all rivers in Europe. In the east, Pasvikelva defines the border with Russia.
Climate
Finnmarksvidda in the interior of the county has a continental climate with the coldest winter temperatures in Norway: the coldest temperature ever recorded was -51.4°C in Karasjok, while the 24-hr averages for January & July at the same location is -17.1°C and 13.1°C, and precipitation is only 366 mm/year ([http://met.no/observasjoner/finnmark/normaler_for_kommune_2021.html?kommuner 1]). Karasjok has recorded up to 32.4°C in July, this gives a possible year amplitude of 84°C, which is rare in Europe. Finnmarksvidda have annual mean temperatures down to -3°C (Sihcajavri), this is the coldest in mainland Norway (except for higher mountains areas), and is even colder than Jan Mayen and Bjørnøya. Due to the proximity to the ice-free ocean, winters are much milder in coastal areas (and more windy); Loppa has average January & July temperatures of -2°C and 11.6°C, while the annual mean is 3.6°C([http://met.no/observasjoner/finnmark/normaler_for_kommune_2014.html?kommuner 2]), despite being further north. In the Köppen climate classification, the climate in Karasjok - and most of the lowland areas in Finnmark - corresponds to the Dfc category, while the Loppa climate corresponds to the Cfc category. The northeastern coast, from Nordkapp east to Vardø, have arctic tundra climate, as the average July temperature is below 10°C. Furthermore, elevation exceeding approximately 100 m in coastal areas in western Finnmark and 300-500 m in the interior results in an alpine tundra climate, and in the northeast this merges with the arctic tundra climate.
The climate in sheltered parts of fjord areas (particularly Altafjord) is usually considered the most hospitable: winters are not as cold as in the interior, and summer warmth are comparable. Even if winter temperatures are milder in coastal areas, the coast is more exposed to winter storms, which often complicate or shut down road and air communications.
Sources: Norwegian Meteorological Institute (24-hr averages, 1961-90 base period); A.Moen: Vegetasjon. Nasjonalatlas for Norge.
Administration and Economy
Vadsø is the capital city of the county of Finnmark, although Alta has the largest population. Fisheries have traditionally been the most important way of living along the coast, where the majority of the Norwegian population live. The Sami makes up the majority of the population in the interior of the county. Kirkenes has seen many Russian immigrants, being just a few kilometers from the Russian border.
There are two hospitals in Finnmark, located in Kirkenes and Hammerfest. There are several smaller airports (with flights to Tromsø), but only Alta and Kirkenes have airports with long runways and flights to Oslo. In addition, Banak Air field in Porsanger is used for training purposes by the Royal Norwegian Air Force and other NATO allies, in conjunction with the nearby Halkavarre shooting range, which allows for practice with precison guided munitions. Garnisonen i Porsanger is also located near Halkavarre training area. Hammerfest is the centre of Finnmark's tourist trade, and is now experiencing an economic boom ([http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1651724,00.html 3]) as a consequence of Statoil's construction of the large land-based LNG site at Melkøya ([http://www.statoil.com/STATOILCOM/snohvit/svg02699.nsf?OpenDatabase&lang=en 4]). There are also optimism in the eastern part of the county, as the growing petroleum activity in the Barents Sea is expected to generate increased economic activity on land as well ([http://www.bellona.no/en/energy/fossil/barents/27569.html 5]).
History
petroleum
People have lived in Finnmark for at least 8000 years (see Komsa, Pit-Comb Ware culture and Rock carvings at Alta). Gjesvær in Nordkapp is mentioned in the Sagas (Heimskringla) as a summer base used for hunting and gathering (eggs) in the Viking age. Coastal areas of Finnmark were colonized by Norwegians beginning in the Middle Ages, but first became a subject of major colonization in the 18th and 19th century. Norway, Sweden and Russia all claimed control over the this area. Finnmark was initially a Norwegian colony, but became an integrated part of the Kingdom in the early part of the 19th century, when it was elevated to Amt (county). For a time, there was a vibrant trade with Russia (Pomor Trade), and many Norwegians settled on the Kola Peninsula (see Kola Norwegians).
Towards the end of World War II, the Germans used the scorched earth tactic in Finnmark and northern Troms to halt the victorious Red Army. As a consequence of this, few houses survived the war, and a large part of the population was forcefully evacuated further south (Tromsø was crowded), but many hid and waited until the Germans were gone, then inspected their burned homes. However, after liberating Kirkenes on October 25 1944 (as the first town in Norway), the Red Army did not attempt further offensives in Norway. The town was peacefully handed over to Norway as the war ended.
Traditionally, the Norwegians lived on the coast, where they made up the majority, and the Sami people was in majority in the interior part of Finnmark, while the fjord areas were mixed. In essence, this still holds true today. The Sami were for many years victims of what is called fornorskningspolitikken, which in essence was a deliberate attempt by the Norwegian society to make them "true" Norwegians and forget about their Sami way of life and religion, which was seen as inferior. As a result of this, the Sami living at the coast and in the fjords gradually lost much of their culture and often felt ashamed by their Sami inheritance. The Sami in the interior managed to preserve more of their culture. However, in the 1970s, instruction of Sami language started in the schools, and a new sense of consciousness started to grow among the Sami, and today most are proud of their Sami culture. In the midst of this awakening (1979), Norway's government decided to build a dam in Alta to produce hydropower, this provoked many Sami and environmentalists, resulting in demonstrations and civil disobedience (Altasaken), although at the end, the dam was built, and the salmon still spawns in the river, but the Sami culture was now on the government's agenda. The Sami parliament, Samediggi, opened in Karasjok in 1989.
Demographics
Much of the Sami population of Norway live in Finnmark. The county and the municipalities Kautokeino, Karasjok, Tana, Nesseby, Porsanger and Kåfjord (in Troms) also have official names in the Sami language.
The old stoneage Komsa culture is very difficult to relate to the people living in Finnmark today. There are findings suggesting that the Sami people have been here for a long time, but exactly how long is unclear, some scholars claim 2000 years, but the Sami might have arrived much earlier. From the Middle Ages, the coastal areas have been populated and visited by ethnic Norwegians, and Finnmark became part of the kingdom.
In the 1800s, many immigrants came from Finland, which suffered from famine, and settled in Finnmark, especially the eastern part. These immigrants originally spoke the Finnish Quen (Kven) dialect with some Norwegian influences. They are genetically related to the people of the province of Kainuu in Finland. Vadsø is often seen as the Quen capital in Finnmark.
Lakselv in central Finnmark is sometimes referred to as meeting place for three tribes. In recent years, with the Russian immigrants arriving in Kirkenes, this town is actually a meeting place for four cultures.
Finnmark is also the older name for Lapland in Sweden and is used by some inhabitants in this region. The title comes from Linné's expeditions in the northern Nordic during the 1700s.
Municipalities
1700s
- Alta
- Berlevåg
- Båtsfjord
- Gamvik
- Hammerfest
- Hasvik
- Karasjok
- Kautokeino
- Kvalsund
- Lebesby
- Loppa
- Måsøy
- Nesseby
- Nordkapp
- Porsanger
- Sør-Varanger
- Tana
- Vadsø
- Vardø
Category:Counties of Norway
Category:Former Norwegian colonies
亚特兰大鹰
亚特兰大老鹰队（Atlanta Hawks），是美国国家篮球协会中的一支球队，主场设在乔治亚州亚特兰大市
- 成立时间：1946年成立，是国家篮球联盟的成员之一，在1949年加入国家篮球协会
- 曾用名：三城黑鹰队(1946-1951), 密尔沃基老鹰队(1951-55), 圣路易斯老鹰队 (1955-68)
- 主场：菲利普斯竞技场
- 队服颜色：红色、黑色和金色
- 球队标志：一种红黑色相间的老鹰抓着一支篮球，上面有“Atlanta Hawks”的字样
- 曾获NBA冠军(1次)： 1958年
- 2004-05赛季成绩： 13胜69负
球队历史
2003年9月，篮球队被时代华纳公司收购，该公司也拥有亚特兰大嘲鸫冰球队，两个球队共用一个竞技场。
历史上的著名球员
- 沃尔特·贝拉米
- 克利夫·哈根
- 彼得·马拉维奇
- 鲍勃·佩蒂特
不应忘记
- 斯特西·奥格蒙
- 穆奇·布雷洛克
- 胡比·布朗 (教练)
- 斯波特·韦伯
不再使用的球衣号码
- 9 鲍勃·佩蒂特
- 21 多米尼克·威尔金斯
- 23 卢·哈德森
现役球员
- 乔什·查尔里斯
- 托尼·德尔克
- 艾尔·哈灵顿
- 凯文·威利斯
- 乔什·史密斯
乔什·史密斯
教练组成员
- 伦尼·威尔肯斯
外部链接
- [http://www.nba.com/hawks/ 亚特兰大老鹰队官方主页]
- [http://www.amiannoying.com/view.aspx?id=11501&collection=3069 亚特兰大老鹰队]
Category:美國體育
Category:篮球
category:篮球队
category:NBA
ja:アトランタ・ホークス
th:แอตแลนตาฮอกส์
kreatyna aliasy warsaw map jelenia gra ogoszenia Rolety
|
|
|
| :: RELATED NEWS :: |
Thamud
The Thamud were an early Arabian people. Their name is mentioned in Assyrian annals (Tamudi), in a Greek temple inscription from the northwest Hijaz of 169 AD, in a 5th-century Byzantine source, and in early graffiti around Tayma, as well as (arguably) an Eblaite tablet; from these sources, it seems that the Thamud were a tribe living somewhere between Mecca and April 15, 1977 in Demopolis, Alabama) is a catcher in Major League Baseball who currently plays with the Kansas City Royals, and has a career batting average of .200. He attended August 11, 1943 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) and Leon Huff (born in 1942 in Camden, New Jersey) are an American songwriting and record production team. Both of
|
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Freak on a Leash
|
|
Leon Huff
Kenneth Gamble (born on August 11, 1943 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) and Leon Huff (born in 1942 in Camden, New Jersey) are an American songwriting and record production team. Both of
|
Kenneth Gamble
Kenneth Gamble (born on August 11, 1943 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) and Leon Huff (born in 1942 in Camden, New Jersey) are an American songwriting and record production team. Both of
|
East Coast Hockey League
The ECHL is a professional hockey minor league based in the United States and Canada, generally regarded as a tier below the American Hockey League.
The league, which combined teams from the defunct Atlantic Coast Hockey League and
Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge (明石海峡大橋; Akashi-Kaikyō Ōhashi; also known as Pearl Bridge) is a suspension bridge in Japan
|
|
