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Juan Pierre

Juan Pierre

Juan D'Vaughn Pierre (born August 14, 1977 in Mobile, Alabama), is a professional baseball center fielder for the Chicago Cubs. Juan became a fan favorite early in his career because of his speed and durability. He led the National League in stolen bases in 2001 and 2003 and stole at least 45 bases each year from 2001 to 2005; because of his great speed, he is an ideal leadoff hitter. In 2004, he led the National League in at-bats (for the second year in a row) with 678; in hits, with 221; and in triples, with 12. In addition, he was the only player in Major League Baseball to play every inning of each of his team's games in 2004. Juan was a major contributor to the Marlins' 2003 World Series championship. After a regular season in which he posted a .305 batting average and 65 stolen bases, he batted .333 in the World Series and .301 overall in his first postseason. In a six-year career, Pierre has batted .309 with eight home runs, 212 RBI, and 218 stolen bases in 727 games. On June 3, 2005, Pierre's consecutive-games streak ended at 386 (including 375 after joining the Marlins). It was the second-longest such streak in the majors at the time, behind that of Miguel Tejada of the Baltimore Orioles. On December 7, 2005, the Florida Marlins traded Pierre to the Chicago Cubs, receiving RHP Sergio Mitre, RHP Ricky Nolasco and LHP Renyel Pinto in exchange. The deal was motivated by the Marlins' need to cut payroll after finding itself unable to secure a new stadium deal in south Florida.

Accomplishments

- Led the National League in stolen bases in 2001 (46) and 2003 (65)
- Member of 2003 World Series champion Florida Marlins
- Played every inning of the 2004 season with the Florida Marlins

Teams

- Colorado Rockies (2000-2002)
- Florida Marlins (2003-2005)
- Chicago Cubs (2006-)

External links

-
- [http://florida.marlins.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/team/player.jsp?player_id=334393 MLB.com] Pierre, Juan Pierre, Juan Pierre, Juan Pierre, Juan

August 14

August 14 is the 226th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (227th in leap years), with 139 days remaining.

Events

- 1040 - King Duncan I of Scotland is killed in battle against his cousin and successor Macbeth
- 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures and flee to western Japan to escape pursuit by the Minamoto clan. (Traditional Japanese date: Twenty-fifth Day of the Seventh Month of the Second Year of Juei).
- 1385 - 1383-1385 Crisis: Castilians are defeated by Portuguese at the Battle of Aljubarrota.
- 1598 - Irish under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, destroy English force at the Battle of the Yellow Ford.
- 1842 - Indian Wars: Second Seminole War ends, with the Seminoles forced from Florida to Oklahoma
- 1846 - The Cape Girardeau meteorite, a 2.3 kg chondrite-type meteorite strikes near the town of Cape Girardeau in Cape Girardeau County, Missouri.
- 1848 - Oregon Territory organized by Act of U.S. Congress
- 1880 - Cologne Cathedral, the most famous landmark in Cologne, Germany, completed
- 1885 - Japan's first patent is issued to the inventor of a rust-proof paint.
- 1893 - France introduces motor vehicle registration
- 1900 - A joint European-Japanese-United States force occupies Beijing, in campaign to end the Boxer Rebellion in China.
- 1901 - The first claimed powered flight, by Gustave Whitehead in his Number 21.
- 1908 - First beauty contest held in Folkestone, England
- 1911 - United States Senate leaders agree to rotate the office of Presdent pro tempore of the Senate among leading candidates to fill the vacancy left by William P. Frye's death.
- 1912 - United States Marines invade Nicaragua to support the U.S.-backed government installed there after José Santos Zelaya resigned three years earlier
- 1933 - Loggers cause a forest fire in the Coast Range of Oregon, later known as the first forest fire of the Tillamook Burn. It is extinguished on September 5, after destroying 240,000 acres (970 km²).
- 1936 - Rainey Bethea is hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky in the last public execution in the United States
- 1935 - United States Social Security Act passes, creating a government pension system for the retired
- 1941 - World War II - Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt sign the Atlantic Charter of war stating postwar aims
- 1945 - Japan accepts the Allied terms of surrender in World War II and the Emperor records the Imperial Rescript on Surrender (August 15 in Japan standard time).
- 1947 - Pakistan gains independence from the United Kingdom
- 1967 - UK Marine Broadcasting Offences Act declares participation in offshore pirate radio illegal.
- 1969 - United Kingdom troops deploy in Northern Ireland
- 1971 - Bahrain declares its independence from United Kingdom
- 1972 - An East German Ilyushin Il-62 crashes during takeoff from East Berlin, killing 156
- 1976 - The Senegalese political party PAI-Rénovation is legally recognized. PAI-Rénovation thus becomes the third legal party in the country.
- 1980 - Lech Wałęsa leads strikes at Gdańsk, Poland shipyards.
- 1994 - Ilich Ramírez Sánchez, the terrorist known as "Carlos the Jackal", is captured.
- 2003 - Widescale power blackout in the northeast United States and Canada.
- 2004 - Sales tax holiday in Massachusetts. All sales taxes are suspended on purchases of $2500 or less.
- 2005 - Helios Airways Flight 522 crashes north of Athens, killing the 121 on board.

Births

- 1297 - Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Japan (d. 1348)
- 1473 - Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, daughter of George, Duke of Clarence (d. 1541)
- 1575 - Robert Hayman, English-born poet (d. 1629)
- 1586 - William Hutchinson, Rhode Island colonist (d. 1642)
- 1599 - Méric Casaubon, English classical scholar (d. 1671)
- 1625 - François de Harlay de Champvallon, Archbishop of Paris (d. 1695)
- 1642 - Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1723)
- 1653 - Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, English statesman (d. 1688)
- 1688 - Frederick William I of Prussia (d. 1740)
- 1714 - Claude Joseph Vernet, French painter (d. 1789)
- 1740 - Pope Pius VII (d. 1823)
- 1771 - Sir Walter Scott, Scottish historical novelist and poet (d. 1832)
- 1777 - King Francis I of the Two Sicilies (d. 1830)
- 1840 - Richard von Krafft-Ebing, German psychologist (d. 1902)
- 1851 - Doc Holliday, American gambler and gunfighter (d. 1887)
- 1861 - Herbert Putnam, Librarian of Congress (d. 1955)
- 1863 - Ernest Thayer, American poet (d. 1940)
- 1865 - Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician (d. 1952)
- 1867 - John Galsworthy, English writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1933)
- 1876 - Aleksandar Obrenović, King of Serbia
- 1882 - Gisela Richter, English art historian (d. 1972)
- 1910 - Pierre Schaeffer, French composer (d. 1955)
- 1911 - Shri Vethathiri Maharishi, Indian yogi
- 1916 - Wellington Mara, Co-Owner of the New York Football Giants
- 1925 - Russell Baker, American columnist
- 1926 - René Goscinny, French comic-strip author (d. 1977)
- 1926 - Lina Wertmüller, Italian film director
- 1930 - Earl Weaver, baseball manager
- 1933 - Richard R. Ernst, Swiss chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1935 - John Brodie, American football player
- 1940 - Dash Crofts, American musician (Seals and Crofts)
- 1941 - David Crosby, American guitarist and songwriter
- 1943 - Jimmy Johnson, American football player and broadcaster
- 1945 - Steve Martin, American comedian and actor
- 1945 - Wim Wenders, German-born film director
- 1946 - Antonio Fargas, American actor
- 1946 - Susan Saint James, American actress
- 1947 - Danielle Steel, American novelist
- 1950 - Bob Backlund, American professional wrestler
- 1950 - Gary Larson, American cartoonist
- 1952 - Carl Lumbly, American actor
- 1952 - Debbie Meyer, American swimmer
- 1953 - James Horner, American composer
- 1954 - Mark Fidrych, baseball player
- 1956 - Rusty Wallace, American race car driver
- 1959 - Marcia Gay Harden, American actress
- 1959 - Earvin "Magic" Johnson, American basketball player
- 1960 - Sarah Brightman, English soprano
- 1961 - Susan Olsen, American actress
- 1964 - Brannon Braga, American scriptwriter and director
- 1965 - Emmanuelle Béart, American actress
- 1966 - Halle Berry, American actress
- 1973 - Jared Borgetti, Mexican footballer
- 1973 - Jay-Jay Okocha, Nigerian footballer
- 1973 - Kieren Perkins, Australian swimmer
- 1977 - Juan Pierre, baseball player
- 1983 - Elena Baltacha, Ukrainian-born tennis player
- 1983 - Mila Kunis, Ukrainian actress
- 1986 - Terin Humphrey, American gymnast

Deaths

- 1167 - Rainald of Dassel, Archbishop of Cologne
- 1204 - Minamoto no Yoriie, Japanese shogun (b. 1182)
- 1390 - John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, English soldier (b. 1364)
- 1430 - Philip I, Duke of Brabant (b. 1404)
- 1433 - King John I of Portugal (b. 1357)
- 1464 - Pope Pius II (b. 1405)
- 1573 - Saito Tatsuoki, Japanese warlord (b. 1548)
- 1691 - Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel, Irish rebel (b. 1630)
- 1704 - Roland Laporte, French protestant leader (b. 1675)
- 1727 - William Croft, English composer (b. 1678)
- 1774 - Johann Jakob Reiske, German scholar and physician (b. 1716)
- 1784 - Nathaniel Hone, Irish-born painter (b. 1718)
- 1860 - André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist (b. 1774)
- 1905 - Simeon Solomon, British artist (b. 1840)
- 1941 - Paul Sabatier, French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1854)
- 1943 - Joe Kelley, baseball player (b. 1871)
- 1951 - William Randolph Hearst, American newspaper magnate (b. 1863)
- 1955 - Herbert Putnam, Librarian of Congress (b. 1861)
- 1956 - Bertolt Brecht, German writer (b. 1898)
- 1958 - Frédéric Joliot, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1900)
- 1972 - Oscar Levant, American actor, composer, and musician (b. 1906)
- 1980 - Dorothy Stratten, Canadian actress and model (b. 1960)
- 1981 - Karl Böhm, Austrian conductor (b. 1894)
- 1984 - J. B. Priestley, English novelist and playwright (b. 1894)
- 1985 - Gale Sondergaard, American actress (b. 1899)
- 2000 - Alain Fournier, French-born computer graphics researcher (b. 1943)
- 2002 - Dave Williams, American singer (Drowning Pool)
- 2003 - Helmut Rahn, German footballer (b. 1929)
- 2004 - Czesław Miłosz, Polish-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
- 2005 - Coo Coo Marlin, American race car driver (b. 1932) - ehmaida elhami, libyan guitarist player (b.

Holidays and observances

- Morocco - Allegiance of Oued Eddahab or Rio de Oro
- RC saints - Maximilian Kolbe Polish Franciscan priest martyred by Nazis in 1941; Eusebius of Rome
- Pakistan - Independence Day
- United States - National Code Talkers Day

External links

- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/14 BBC: On This Day] ---- August 13 - August 15 - July 14 - September 14 -- listing of all days ko:8월 14일 ms:14 Ogos ja:8月14日 simple:August 14 th:14 สิงหาคม

Mobile, Alabama

Mobile (pronounced moh-BEEL) is a city located in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2000 census, the population of the city is 198,915. Mobile is the center of Alabama's second-largest metropolitan area, which consists of Mobile and Baldwin Counties. Metropolitan Mobile has a population of 551,178. Its name is derived from the presence of the Mobile (Mauvile or Maubila) Indians in the area at the time of founding. (See Mobilian.) The city is the county seat of Mobile County. The city is the only saltwater port in Alabama.

History

The settlement, then called "Fort Louis de la Louisiane", was first established in 1702, at Twenty-seven Mile Bluff on the Mobile River, as the first capital of the French colony of Louisiana. Following a series of floods, the town was relocated downriver to its present location near the head of Mobile Bay in 1711 and named Fort Conde. The capital of Louisiana was moved to Biloxi in 1720 and to New Orleans in 1723 and Mobile was relegated to the role of frontier town and trading post. 1723 In 1763, the Treaty of Paris was signed, ending the French and Indian War. The treaty ceded Mobile to Great Britian and under British rule the colony flourished. The British renamed the city Fort Charoltte, after the English Queen, and reenergized the port. Major exports included timber, naval stores, indigo, hides, rice, pecans and cattle. The immediate British enforcement of race codes threw the denizens of the French-derived culture into chaos. The French Creole world was noted for its laissez-faire attitude to racial matters and the stringent English codes chased many of Mobile's Creole residents westward into Louisiana. It also marked a slight cultural division point between Mobile and the rest of the French-founded coast. The port town was captured by the Spanish in 1780 during the American Revolutionary War. The Spanish held Mobile until 1813 when it was captured by the American General Wilkinson; by then it was the second largest seaport on the Gulf Coast. The Cotton Boom of the early 19th century brought an explosion of commerce to what had been a sleepy frontier town. By the 1850s, Mobile was one of the 4 busiest ports in the United States. The wealth created by this trade brought the city to a cultural high point. Mobile became well known throughout the country and the world. In another note of differentiation between the somewhat cosmopolitan port and the hinterlands of predominantly Protestant Alabama, Mobile was declared an archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church in this same period. In 1830, the Jesuit Order of the Roman Catholic Church founded Spring Hill College, one of the oldest Catholic schools in the country. In 1860, Clotilde, the last known ship to arrive in the Americas with a cargo of slaves, was abandoned by its captain near Mobile. A number of the slaves escaped and formed their own community on the banks of the Mobile River, which became known as Africatown. The inhabitants of this community retained their African customs and language well into the 20th century. Mobile grew substantially in the period leading up to the American Civil War when it was heavily fortified by the Confederates. Union naval forces established a blockade under the command of Admiral David Farragut. The Confederates countered the blockade by constructing blockade-runners; fast, shallow-draft,low-slung ships that could either out-run or evade the blockaders, maintaining a trickle of trade in and out of Mobile. Also, the C.S.S. Hunley, the first submarine to sink an enemy vessel in combat, was built and tested in Mobile. In August, 1864 Farraguts ships fought their way past the two forts (Gaines and Morgan) guarding the mouth of Mobile Bay and defeated a small force of Confederate gunboats and one ironclad, the C.S.S. Tennessee, in the famous "Battle of Mobile Bay". It is here that Farragut is alledged to have uttered his famous "Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead" quote. The city of Mobile later surrendered to the Union army in order to avoid destruction. Ironically, in May 1865, an ammunition depot explosion -- called the great Mobile magazine explosion -- killed some 300 people and destroyed a significant portion of the city. After the war, the harbor was substantially improved and deepened, and ship-building became a notable industry. However, the city, once a world-famous cultural center, languished as a result of "Reconstruction" and the general economic decline of the South. The military buildup prior to and during World War II resulted in a massive increase in population. Shipyards were churning out vessels for the war effort and in 1938 the U.S. Army bought the municipal airport (Bates Field was relocated about 10 miles west of the city and is now known as Mobile Regional Airport) and there developed the Brookley Army Air Field, later, Brookley Air Force Base. Brookley quickly became the areas largest employer. In the mid 1960's the Air Force Base was closed due to a Department of Defence "base realignment" and the airport returned to the city. Today, it is known as Mobile Downtown Airport. During the war, the phenomenal influx of workers created a huge housing shortage. Citizens rented out extra rooms and also converted porches, garages and even chicken coops into rentals. Several federal housing projects were quickly built to house the new maritime and Air Force workers. Several of these are still to be found, notably the community of Birdville. By 1956, Mobile's square mileage had tripled to accommodate the growth. Brookley's closure in the mid-1960s sent economic tremors through the area which took many years to absorb. Also, in the post-war period, the pulp and paper industry became a major industry in Mobile. Scott Paper and International Paper combined to have one the areas largest workforces. However; the demise of these industries within the last decade also hurt the local economy. Fortunately, during the last 15 years, the chemical, oil and gas, tourism, maritime and aerospace industries have expanded significantly and provided a much needed economic boost. In 1964, the University of South Alabama opened its doors and its tremendous impact on the community and economy was deeply felt in a variety of sectors. The University operates several hospitals and has a noted Medical School. Mobile's seafood industry rose to a position of note for a while, with Mobile Bay oysters acclaimed far and wide, but this waned almost to the point of extinction in the last quarter of the 20th century. A few shrimpers still hang on in the South Mobile County fishing village of Bayou La Batre, immortalized in the book and film Forrest Gump, but their future appears uncertain. Four members of the Baseball Hall of Fame were born in Mobile: Hank Aaron, Willie McCovey, Satchel Paige and Ozzie Smith. Notable yearly activities that take place in Mobile include the Senior Bowl, Mardi Gras (the oldest in the country), the GMAC Bowl, the Azalea Trail Run, and the Junior Miss Pageant. In addition, the Mobile BayBears baseball team play in the Double A Southern League (baseball). The eastern shore of Mobile Bay periodically experiences an unusual phenomenon called a Jubilee. A jubilee, which usually takes place in the wee hours of warm nights, describes a massive upsurge of sea life from the bottom of the bay. This phenomenon has also been observed in a similar bay in Japan and is believed to be caused by low oxygen levels in the water. This upsurge to the surface usually consists of crabs, shrimp, flounder and other sea delicacies. Needless to say, a jubilee, when first realized, is quickly spread by word of mouth along the coast, providing an impromptu fishing party in the middle of the night. On 10 November 1993 the city formally twinned with the Japanese city of Ichihara, Chiba prefecture. Mobile and its suburbs suffered considerable damage when Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast on August 29, 2005. Most of the city survived relatively intact compared to New Orleans and Biloxi, Mississippi, but the high winds and flooding destroyed homes in coastal areas and damaged some parts of the downtown area, and at least two people died in hurricane-related car accidents.

Geography and climate

flood Mobile is located at 30°40'46" North, 88°6'12" West (30.679523, -88.103280). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 412.9 km² (159.4 mi²). 305.4 km² (117.9 mi²) of it is land and 107.6 km² (41.5 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 26.05% water. Mobile, as a central Gulf Coast city has a subtropical climate, which consists of mild, wet winters and hot, wet summers. Mobile is also very vulnerable to storm surge from hurricanes, which the area frequently experiences. Mobile suffered its worst disaster ever on September 12, 1979 when a strong Category 3 Hurricane named Frederic slammed right into the heart of the city. The storm all but destroyed nearby Dauphin Island and Gulf Shores. The city took over 5 years to fully recover from the devastating hurricane. On September 16, 2004, the city of Mobile received a glancing blow from the former Category 5 Hurricane Ivan which made landfall in Gulf Shores as a powerful Category 3 hurricane. Ivan's destruction was eerily similar to 1979's Frederic In August of 2005, Mobile once again received yet another glancing blow from yet another former Category 5 hurricane named Katrina. Mobile however suffered more damage from Katrina than with Ivan as the city was caught on the stronger eastern side of the storm. The massive surge of Katrina sent a storm surge of over 12 feet into eastern parts of downtown Mobile. The surge was the highest recorded in Mobile in over 85 years. Mobile has also received glancing blows from the following hurricanes in recent history as well: Camille, Georges, Erin, Opal, Florence, and Danny

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 198,915 people, 78 480 households, and 50 776 families residing in the city. The population density is 651.4/km² (1,687.1/mi²). There are 86 187 housing units at an average density of 282.2/km² (731.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 50.40% European American, 46.29% African American, 0.24% Native American, 1.52% Asian American, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.53% from other races, and 1.00% from two or more races. 1.42% of the population are Hispanic American or Latino of any race. There are 78 480 households out of which 30.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.1% are married couples living together, 19.9% have a female householder with no husband present, and 35.3% are non-families. 30.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.46 and the average family size is 3.09. In the city the population is spread out with 26.5% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females there are 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 82.9 males. The median income for a household in the city is $31,445, and the median income for a family is $39,752. Males have a median income of $31,629 versus $22,051 for females. The per capita income for the city is $18,072. 21.2% of the population and 17.9% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 31.4% of those under the age of 18 and 14.7% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Law and government

The elected government of Mobile consists of a Mayor and a seven member City Council, which in theory operate on a weak Mayor/strong Council format. Municipal Elections are held every 4 years, and are non-partisan. The last elections were held on September 13, 2005. Mayor: Sam Jones (2005-)
- City Council District 1: Fred Richardson (1997-present)
- City Council District 2: William Carroll (2005-present)
- City Council District 3: Clinton Johnson (1985-present) (President 1993-2001)
- City Council District 4: Ben Brooks (2001-present)
- City Council District 5: Reggie Copeland (1985-present) (President 2001-)
- City Council District 6: Connie Hudson (2001-present)
- City Council District 7: Gina Gregory (2005-present)

Economy

Mobile's Alabama State Docks is currently undergoing the largest expansion in its history by expanding its container processing and storage facility and increasing container storage at the docks by over 1,000%. The rapidly growing auto industry in Alabama has resulted in over a thousand new jobs created in Mobile, which has led to aerospace manufacturers to locate to Mobile in 2005, thus bringing in additional thousands of new high paying jobs to the city. Mobile also has benefited greatly economically from the Hurricane Katrina disaster with thousands of evacuees relocating to Mobile. In addition, hurricane relief workers and contractors which all have been based out of Mobile since September of 2005 have resulted in Mobile's economy soaring to record levels including sales tax revenues which soared over 70% in the 4th quarter of 2005.

Battle House project and downtown rebirth

Since 1852, the Battle House hotel has been a fixture of the Mobile landscape. Although the original hotel was destroyed in a fire in 1905, it was rebuilt and has remained a Mobile area landmark. It was the location of President Woodrow Wilson's famous speech in 1913 where he declared that the United States would never again fight in a foreign war of aggression. In 1974, the hotel went vacant, as much of downtown was doing at the time. In 2001, the Mobile City Council approved a deal with the Retirement Systems of Alabama for a complete restoration of the historic hotel, as well as construction of the Battle House Tower, a 35 Story, 745 foot (227 m) tall skyscraper that will not only be the tallest building in Alabama, but also one of the ten tallest buildings on the Gulf Coast. The Battle House Project is the crowning achievement of the "String of Pearls" initiative undertaken by the Dow administration, which has seen the construction of the Arthur Outlaw Convention Center, the Cruise Ship Terminal, the Maritime Museum of the Gulf of Mexico, and the complete rebirth of Dauphin Street, Mobile's historic commercial corridor. Other projects in the works include a proposed high-rise condominium tower on Water Street in the heart of the downtown waterfront, as well as the construction of a historic Mardi Gras themed city park in downtown to celebrate the city's heritage as the original city of American Mardi Gras, as well as a brand new state of the art federal courthouse. Mobile is rapidly developing into one of the South's hottest cities. That statement couldnt be anymore closer to the truth as the northern suburb of Creola, Alabama the expected site of a new $2.5 Billion Toyota auto manufacturing plant.

Transportation, media, and education

Transtportation

The city's airline's are served by Mobile Regional Airport, which also serves Pascagoula, Mississippi. Additionally, Mobile Downtown Airport serves corporate, private and cargo aircraft and is home to a major maintenance, overhaul and repair facility.

Media

Mobile is served by WPMI (NBC), WKRG (CBS), and WALA (FOX) television stations. The largest paper in the region is the Mobile Register.

Education

Public schools in Mobile are operated by the Mobile County Public School System. The State of Alabama operates the [http://www.asms.net Alabama School of Mathematics and Science], which boards advanced Alabama high school students. There is also a large number of private institutions, most of them belonging to the Mobile Archdiocesean School System. Mobile is home to the University of South Alabama, Bishop State Community College, Spring Hill College and the University of Mobile.

Notable Mobilians

- Hank Aaron, baseball player
- Tommie Agee, baseball player
- Jimmy Buffett, songwriter
- A. J. Cooper, Civil Rights Lawyer; A founder and first President Ala.Lawyers Association; First Black mayor of a large city( Prichard) in Alabama and the first black to defeat a white incumbent in Alabama. Founder and Pres., Nat. Conf. of Black Mayors.
- Vince Dooley, football coach
- James Reese Europe, musician and son of Reconstruction era Alderman
- Urbie Green, trombonist
- Alexis Herman, former US Secretary of Labor
- Bradley M. Faircloth, US Marine
- Cleon Jones, baseball player
- [http://www.worldandi.com/specialreport/1996/july/Sa14805.htm Simmie Knox], US Presidential portrait artist
- William March, author of The Bad Seed
- Willie McCovey, baseball player
- Albert Murray, author
- Amos Otis, baseball player
- Satchel Paige, baseball player
- Jake Peavy, baseball player
- Don Siegelman, Alabama Democratic politician
- Ozzie Smith, baseball player
- Richard Tyson, actor
- Eugene Walter, author, founder of the Paris Literary Review
- Fred Wesley, trombonist
- [http://www.ktb.net/~insync/wet_willie.html Wet Willie], Southern rock band
- Cootie Williams, trumpeter
- William Pryor, former Alabama Attorney General, and current federal appelate judge.
- C Nile, Rapper
- Gregory Benford, Science Fiction author.

Awards

In 1995, Mobile received the All-America City Award. In 2005, Mobile was designated a Preserve America City.

Surrounding Suburbs

- Axis
- Chickasaw
- Eight Mile (outside of Prichard city limits)
- Prichard
- Saraland
- Satsuma
- Theodore
- Daphne
- Fairhope
- Gulf Shores
- Foley
- Citronelle
- Bayou La Batre
- Grand Bay
- Belle Fontaine
- Mon Louis
- Dauphin Island
- Orange Beach
- Mount Vernon
- Irvington
- Semmes
- West Mobile

Trivia

Mobile is mentioned in the following songs:
- [http://bobdylan.com/songs/memphis.html "Stuck Inside Of Mobile (With The Memphis Blues Again)"] by Bob Dylan
- [http://www.top50lyrics.com/j/jerryreed-lyrics-6700/guitarman-lyrics-668276.html "Guitar Man"] by singer/songwriter Jerry Reed
- [http://ca.launch.yahoo.com/track/884106 "Mobile Boogie"] by Hank Williams, Jr.
- "Twenty-Nine Miles From Mobile" by Charlie Daniels
- "I Luv It" by Mr. Serv-On Several people migrated from Mobile to an area in Arizona which was then named "Mobile". It was founded in the early 1900s as an area for African-Americans to live and some of its early residents were sharecroppers from Mobile, Alabama. Mobile elected its first black mayor, Sam Jones, in 2005. The Red Imported Fire Ants infesting the Southern U.S actually arrived here from Brazil. See also a growing midtown neighborhood, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_end_%28Mobile%2C_Al%29 west end]

External links

Category:Cities in Alabama Category:Mobile County, Alabama Category:All-America City Category:Hurricane Katrina ja:モービル (都市)

Center fielder

A center fielder, abbreviated CF, is the outfielder in baseball who plays defense in center field - the baseball fielding position between left field and right field (e.g., "Mickey Mantle was a center fielder"). In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the center fielder is assigned the number 8. Outfielders must cover large distances, so speed, instincts and quickness to react to the ball is key. They must be able to catch fly balls above their head and on the run. They must be able to throw the ball accurately over a long distance to be effective. Amateur players may find it difficult to concentrate on the game, since they are so far from the action. Emphasizing the correct position will give outfield players something to concentrate on at each pitch. As well as the requirements above, the center fielder will be the outfielder that has the best combination of speed and throwing distance. The center fielder covers more ‘grass’ than any other player and, most likely, will catch the most fly balls. The center fielder also has the greatest responsibility among the three outfielders for coordinating their play to prevent collisions when converging on a fly ball. Aside from requiring more speed and range, the center field position is slightly easier to field because balls tend to fly on a straight path, rather than curving as they do for the other outfield positions. Because centerfield requires a good arm and fast legs, center fielder is not generally considered one of the positions which produces power hitters; many center fielders such as Torii Hunter of the Minnesota Twins are renowned as excellent batters and baserunners. During the 1990s Ken Griffey Jr. (especially during the early part of his career), was another center fielder who excelled in both batting and fielding. The center fielder must back up second base on all bunts and throws from the catcher. "Center Field" is also the name of a popular song by American singer/songwriter John Fogerty. Category:Baseball positions
- ja:中堅手

National League

:This article refers to the American baseball league. For the English cricket league of the same name, please see National League (cricket). There is also a political party called the Indian National League. ---- The term National League generally refers to the organization more properly referred to as the National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, the older (founded on February 2, 1876) of the two leagues constituting Major League Baseball in the United States and Canada. (The other major league is the American League.) Beginning with the 1903 season, the regular season champions of the two leagues have met annually in the World Series, with the exception of 1904 and 1994. After the absorption of the American Association by the League in 1892, the temporarily-redubbed "National League and American Association" was the only Major League until the American League rose to Major League status in 1901. The National League in 1876 consisted of eight teams, six of which were previously members of the defunct National Association. The teams were: the Chicago White Stockings (now the Cubs), the St. Louis Brown Stockings (folded in 1877), the Hartford Dark Blues (folded in 1877), the Boston Red Caps (now the Atlanta Braves), the Louisville Grays (folded in 1877), the Mutual of New York (folded in 1876), the Athletic of Philadelphia (folded in 1876), and the Cincinnati Red Stockings (folded in 1880; not the same as the modern Reds, who began play in 1882 as the Red Stockings and joined the National League in 1890). Of these teams, only the White Stockings (Cubs) and the Red Caps (Braves) have survived to the present day. The National League, which for the first 93 years of its existence competed equally in a single grouping, re-organized into two divisions of 6 teams (East and West) in 1969, with the division champions meeting in the National League Championship Series (an additional round of postseason competition) for the right to advance to the World Series. Beginning with the 1994 season, the league has been divided into three divisions (East, West, and Central), with the addition of a Wild Card team (the team with the best record among those finishing in second place) to enable four teams to advance to the preliminary Division Series. After contracting from twelve teams down to eight in 1900, the National League consisted of the same eight teams until 1962, when it added the New York Mets and the Houston Colt .45s (renamed the Houston Astros in 1965). In 1969 the league added the San Diego Padres and the Montreal Expos (now the Washington Nationals). That same year the league was divided into East and West Divisions. In 1993 the league expanded again, adding the Colorado Rockies and the Florida Marlins. In 1998, the Arizona Diamondbacks were added as a new franchise and the Milwaukee Brewers moved over from the American League to make the National League what it is today. The National League is also known as the Senior Circuit, due to the fact that it has existed 25 years longer than the American League. Often characterized as being a more "traditional" or "pure" league, the National League (as of 2005 at least) has never adopted the designated hitter rule as did the AL during the 1970s. In theory, this means the role of the NL manager is somewhat expanded in comparison to the AL, because the manager must take offense into account when making pitching substitutions and vice versa. There are perceived to be fewer home runs and big offensive plays due to the presence of the pitcher in the batting order, although this is not always the case.

Teams

East Division

- Atlanta Braves
- Florida Marlins
- New York Mets
- Philadelphia Phillies
- Washington Nationals

Central Division

The NL Central Division is the only division in either league to have six teams; the others all have fewer.
- Chicago Cubs
- Cincinnati Reds
- Houston Astros
- Milwaukee Brewers
- Pittsburgh Pirates
- St. Louis Cardinals

West Division

- Arizona Diamondbacks
- Colorado Rockies
- Los Angeles Dodgers
- San Diego Padres
- San Francisco Giants

Franchise Moves since 1900

- 1953: Boston Braves move to Milwaukee
- 1958: Brooklyn Dodgers move to Los Angeles and New York Giants move to San Francisco
- 1962: Houston Colt .45s and New York Mets enfranchised
- 1966: Milwaukee Braves move to Atlanta
- 1969: Montreal Expos and San Diego Padres enfranchised
- 1993: National League enfranchises Colorado Rockies and Florida Marlins
- 1998: National League adds Arizona Diamondbacks; Milwaukee Brewers move from the American League to the National League
- 2005: Montreal Expos move to become the Washington Nationals

NL Presidents 1876-1999

- Morgan G. Bulkeley 1876-1876
- William A. Hulbert 1877-1882
- Arthur H. Soden 1882-1882
- Abraham G. Mills 1883-1884
- Nicholas E. Young 1885-1902
- Harry C. Pulliam 1903-1909
- John A. Heydler 1909-1909
- Thomas J. Lynch 1910-1913
- John K. Tener 1913-1918
- John A. Heydler 1918-1934
- Ford C. Frick 1934-1951
- Warren C. Giles 1951-1969
- Charles S. Feeney 1970-1986
- A. Bartlett Giamatti 1986-1989
- William D. White 1989-1994
- Leonard S. Coleman, Jr. 1994-1999 Office eliminated in 1999. Bill Giles, son of former NL President Warren C. Giles, currently serves as honorary National League president.

Leadoff batter

In baseball, a leadoff batter is a batter who bats first in the lineup. Leadoff batters are generally fast and usually hit well.

World Series

:For other events named "World Series", see World Series (disambiguation). The World Series is the championship series of Major League Baseball in the United States and Canada, the culmination of the sport's postseason each October. It is played between the pennant winner of the American League and the pennant winner of the National League. The Series winner is determined through a best-of-seven playoff (except in 1903, 1919, 1920 and 1921 when the winner was determined through a best-of-nine playoff) and is awarded the World Series Trophy, as well as World Series rings. Baseball has employed various championship formulas since the 1850s. The modern World Series has been an annual event since 1903, with the exceptions of 1904 and 1994. The New York Yankees have the most World Series titles, with 26 championships through the 2005 season. Eight teams, all established after 1961, have never won a World Series title: the Texas Rangers, Houston Astros, San Diego Padres, Washington Nationals, Milwaukee Brewers, Seattle Mariners, Colorado Rockies, and Tampa Bay Devil Rays. Of those eight teams, only three have appeared in the Series: Milwaukee, San Diego, and Houston. The Chicago Cubs have gone the longest between titles, having last won the World Series in 1908.

Introduction

The first two games of the series are played in the home ballpark of the team awarded home-field advantage; the next three are in the other team's ballpark, and the final two, if necessary, are back in the first team's ballpark. That has been the pattern since 1924, with the exception of World War II, when travel restrictions were in place. Until 2003, the team given the home-field advantage was switched every year between the American League and the National League. Starting with the 2003 World Series, the league that wins the mid-season All-Star Game has been awarded home-field advantage. Since 1986, the designated hitter rule has been applied based on the rules normally in effect at the home ballpark. In an American League ballpark, both teams use a designated hitter to hit for the pitcher. In a National League ballpark, both team's pitchers must hit. From 1975 through 1985, the designated hitter was used for all games in even-numbered years, and was not used in any games in odd-numbered years. The designated hitter was not used at all prior to the 1975 Series, although the DH rule had been adopted by the AL in 1973. A portion of the gate receipts from the World Series — and, from 1969 onward, the other rounds of postseason play preceding it — is used to fund a Players' Pool, from which descending shares are distributed to the World Series winner, the World Series loser, all the other teams qualifying for the playoffs which did not reach the World Series, and certain other teams which did not qualify for the playoffs, the criteria for the latter changing at various times. Prior to 1969, teams finishing in the first division, or top half of the leagues' standings, received such shares; today, only the teams finishing in second place in their division but not earning a wild card receive them, because there are more divisions with each having fewer teams. The shares for the actual participants are limited to the gate receipts of the minimum number of games necessary to play the series. That rule has been in place from the beginning, to keep the games "honest". The "World" appellation has stuck despite the fact that only teams in the two major leagues, which happen to cover only the United States and Canada, actually participate. At the time the term was first used, baseball at the major league level was only played in the United States. While some would contend that there is no reason to believe that the World Series winner is a significantly better team than any club team outside Major League Baseball, no challenges have been made by other leagues. Moreover, virtually all of the best international players — from the Pacific Rim, Latin America, the Caribbean, and elsewhere — play on Major League rosters, with the notable exception of Cuban nationals. The World Series winners have occasionally played winter exhibition series against the best players of other leagues around the world, such as Japan. Sometimes the Japanese have gained the upper hand in those series; but since they are only exhibitions, their results cannot be regarded as conclusive. Attempts to pit the North American champions against champions in the Japanese or Latin American leagues in a truly meaningful way have, so far, not succeeded. A persistent myth is that the "World" in "World Series" came about because the New York World newspaper sponsored it. Baseball researcher Doug Pappas refutes that claim, demonstrating a linear progression from the phrase "World's Championship Series" (used to describe the 1903 series as well as some of the 19th-century postseason series) to "World's Series" (a term first used in the 1880s and which persisted for decades) to "World Series". Furthermore, investigation of the New York World for the relevant years revealed no evidence of the supposed sponsorship. (For details, see [http://roadsidephotos.com/baseball/name.htm Mr. Pappas' web page on the subject].) In deference to any controversy, more and more the term "World Series Championship" is being used, the subtlety being that it is merely a title and not a political statement. Baseball tournaments between international teams do occur, notably at the world championships and at the Olympic Games. The United States sends a team of minor league players to the Summer Olympics, as it takes place during the regular Major League season. At the 2004 Summer Olympics the United States was not represented at all, since its team of minor league players did not survive the qualifying rounds. The International Baseball Federation (IBAF) has lobbied MLB to suspend play during the Summer Olympics, so that MLB players could compete for their respective national teams, and has agreed to shorten the Olympic tournament if MLB agrees to freeing its players. According to the IBAF chairman, such a move would do more for popularizing baseball around the world than any amount of money spent by the MLB for its current worldwide marketing. Recently, Major League Baseball officially revealed its plans for the World Baseball Classic, to be held in March 2006. It will be the first international baseball competition to feature Major League players. In light of the International Olympic Committee recently voting baseball out of the Summer Games as a medal sport, this competition hopes to prove to the IOC that baseball is truly an international game. Many major leaguers have expressed interest in playing in such a competition, including Miguel Tejada of the Baltimore Orioles (Dominican Republic), Dontrelle Willis of the Florida Marlins (United States), Carlos Lee of the Milwaukee Brewers (Panama), and Andruw Jones of the Atlanta Braves (from the Dutch island of Curaçao). The tournament will be held in sites around North America, Central America, and Asia. Teams will be split into four groups of four and play a round robin schedule, with the top two teams from each group advancing to the next round. Many of the major baseball playing nations have committed to participating (the United States, Dominican Republic, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, etc.). Commissioner Bud Selig, among others, has high hopes that this tournament could be as big as soccer's World Cup. The term World Series has since been appropriated by other championships, such as the College World Series, the Little League World Series, the World Series of Golf, the World Series of Poker, the World Series of Birding and the World Series of Martial Arts. World Series Cricket was a short-lived but influential cricket competition.

Precursors to the World Series (1857-1901)

The following are teams that played an earlier version of the "World's Championship Series" or otherwise claimed the national championship "Pennant". National Association of Baseball Players (Amateur -> Professional)
- 1857 Brooklyn Atlantics
- 1858 New York Mutuals
- 1859 Brooklyn Atlantics
- 1860 Brooklyn Atlantics
- 1861 Brooklyn Atlantics
- 1862 Brooklyn Eckfords
- 1863 Brooklyn Eckfords
- 1864 Brooklyn Atlantics
- 1865 Brooklyn Atlantics
- 1866 Brooklyn Atlantics
- 1867 Morrisania Unions
- 1868 New York Mutuals
- 1869 Brooklyn Atlantics
- 1870 Chicago White Stockings National Association of Professional Baseball Players
- 1871 Philadelphia Athletics
- 1872 Boston Red Stockings
- 1873 Boston Red Stockings
- 1874 Boston Red Stockings
- 1875 Boston Red Stockings National League
- 1876 Chicago White Stockings
- 1877 Boston Red Caps
- 1878 Boston Red Caps
- 1879 Providence Grays
- 1880 Chicago White Stockings
- 1881 Chicago White Stockings National League vs. American Association
- 1882 Chicago White Stockings NL, Cincinnati Reds AA - 2 game Series, each club wins 1
- 1883 Boston Beaneaters NL, Philadelphia AA - Philadelphia cancels scheduled Series after losing "City Series" to Phillies.
- 1884 Providence Grays NL, Metropolitan [New York] AA - 3 game series, Providence wins all 3, 60-game winner Old Hoss Radbourn pitches every inning
- 1885 Chicago White Stockings NL, St. Louis Browns AA - 6 game Series, ends in dispute
- 1886 St. Louis Browns AA win 4, Chicago White Stockings NL win 2
- 1887 Detroit Wolverines NL win 10, St. Louis Browns AA win 5
- 1888 New York Giants NL win 6, St. Louis Browns AA win 2
- 1889 New York Giants NL win 6, Brooklyn Bridegrooms AA win 3
- 1890 Brooklyn Bridegrooms NL, Louisville Colonels AA - each win 3, no resolution
- 1891 Boston Beaneaters NL, Boston Reds AA - NL instructs Beaneaters not to play Series as leagues discuss restructuring National League
- 1892 Boston Beaneaters win 5, Cleveland Spiders win 0 - split-season championship
- 1893 Boston Beaneaters - no Series
- 1894 New York Giants win 4, Baltimore Orioles win 0 - Temple Cup Series
- 1895 Cleveland Spiders win 4, Baltimore Orioles win 1 - Temple Cup Series
- 1896 Baltimore Orioles win 4, Cleveland Spiders win 0 - Temple Cup Series
- 1897 Baltimore Orioles win 4, Boston Beaneaters win 1 - Temple Cup Series
- 1898 Boston Beaneaters - no Series
- 1899 Brooklyn Superbas - no Series
- 1900 Brooklyn Superbas win 4, Pittsburgh Pirates win 1 - Chronicle-Telegraph Cup Series National League - American League
- 1901 Pittsburgh Pirates NL, Chicago White Sox AL - no Series
- 1902 Pittsburgh Pirates NL, Philadelphia Athletics AL - no Series

The modern World Series (1903-present)

Philadelphia Athletics

The first attempt

After two years of bitter competition and player raiding, the National and American Leagues made peace and, as part of the accord, several pairs of teams squared off for interleague exhibition games after the 1903 regular season. These series were arranged by the individual teams, not by the leagues directly, the same as the 1880s World's Series matches had been. One of these series at the end of 1903 was a meeting between the two pennant winners. It had been arranged well in advance by the owners of the respective teams, as both were league leaders by large margins. : 1903: The Boston "Americans" (AL) defeat the Pittsburgh Pirates (NL), 5 games to 3. Pittsburgh Pirates :::Pittsburgh wins 3 of the first 4 games, then falters, Boston winning the last 4 in a row, behind the strong pitching of Bill Dinneen (3 wins) and Cy Young (2 wins). Much will be made of the influence of the "Royal Rooters", although Boston only goes 2-2 at home but 3-1 at Pittsburgh. :::The Pirates' benevolent owner Barney Dreyfuss adds his share of the gate receipts to the players' share, so the losing team's players actually finish with a larger individual share than does the winning team's.

The boycott of 1904

The 1904 Series would have been between the AL's Boston Americans and the NL's New York Giants. The Giants' owner, John T. Brush, refused to allow his team to play, citing the "inferiority" of the upstart American League. At the time of the announcement, their new cross-town rivals, the Highlanders, were leading the AL. Boston won on the last day of the season, but Brush stuck to his original decision. Brush also cited the lack of rules under which the games would be played and how the money would be split. During the winter of 1904/05, however, feeling the sting of press criticism, Brush saw the light and proposed what came to be known as the "Brush Rules", under which the series would be played over subsequent years. One rule was that player shares would come from gate receipts from the first four games only. This was to discourage teams from throwing early games in order to prolong the series and make more money. Receipts for later games were split among the two teams and the National Commission, the governing body for the sport, which was able to cover much of its annual operating expenses from World Series revenue. Most importantly, the now-official (and compulsory) World's Series match was to be operated strictly by the National Commission itself, not on the whims of individual teams. The list of post-season rules evolved over time. In 1925, Brooklyn owner Charles Ebbets convinced owners to adopt the current 2-3-2 system of scheduling World Series games (one team would host the first two games, the other team would host the next three, and the first team would host the last two if necessary; the leagues alternated which representative would host the first games), already used in the 1924 Series, as a permanent rule. Prior to 1924, the pattern generally had been to alternate, or to make other arrangements convenient to both clubs.

List of World Series after 1904

The World Series has been a best-of-seven series except in the years 1903, 1919, 1920 and 1921, when it was best-of-nine. Many seven-game Series have gone the distance, but none of the best-of-nine Series went beyond eight games.

1905-1919: The "Dead ball era"

:1905: New York Giants (NL) defeat Philadelphia Athletics (AL), 4 games to 1. :::Every game is a shutout. Christy Mathewson hurls three of them, over a span of just six days, in one of the most dominant pitching performances in history. :1906: Chicago White Sox (AL) defeat Chicago Cubs (NL), 4 games to 2. :::Some consider this the greatest World Series upset. The Cubs post the best regular-season record ever while the White Sox were the worst-hitting team in the American League. Eventually, the "Hitless Wonders" get all the hitting they need to shock their crosstown rivals. Oddly, this is the last World Series to feature two franchises that had never previously appeared in the Series. :1907: Chicago Cubs (NL) defeat Detroit Tigers (AL), 4 games to 0 (one tie). :::The Cubs come back strong, with pitching dominance over the Tigers and a young Ty Cobb, allowing only 3 runs in the 4 games they win, while stealing 18 bases off the rattled Tigers. :1908: Chicago Cubs (NL) defeat Detroit Tigers (AL), 4 games to 1. :::The Series is anticlimactic after the tight pennant races in both leagues. Cobb has a much better Series, but the Cubs' pitchers and catcher Johnny Kling stifle the rest of the Tigers team. The final two games, in Detroit, are shutouts. The last Cubs Series win to date, and also the most poorly attended Series. The final game draws a record-low 6,210 fans. :1909: Pittsburgh Pirates (NL) defeat Detroit Tigers (AL), 4 games to 3. :::The Tigers might have finally won the Fall Classic in their third try had it not been for Babe Adams. A rookie pitcher for Pittsburgh that year, manager Fred Clarke starts him, on a hunch, in game 1. Adams wins that game and two more. :1910: Philadelphia Athletics (AL) defeat Chicago Cubs (NL), 4 games to 1. :::Jack Coombs of Philadelphia wins three games, and Eddie Collins supplies timely hitting as the Athletics win their first Fall Classic, and the greatest Cubs team in history closes out its glory years, only ten years into the new century. :1911: Philadelphia Athletics (AL) defeat New York Giants (NL), 4 games to 2. :::Philadelphia third baseman Frank "Home Run" Baker earns his nickname hitting pivotal home runs in Games 2 and 3. The Giants never recover. :1912: Boston Red Sox (AL) defeat New York Giants (NL), 4 games to 3 (one tie). :::This dramatic Series, regarded by some as the best ever, showcases great pitching from Christy Mathewson and from Boston fireballer Smokey Joe Wood, who wins two of his three starts and pitches in relief in the final game, won when Boston rallies for two runs in the ninth inning thanks to two costly Giants fielding misplays. :1913: Philadelphia Athletics (AL) defeat New York Giants (NL), 4 games to 1. :::The A's pitching gives the edge to a closer-than-it-looked Series. The great Mathewson loses his Series swan song in the final game to an old college rival, Eddie Plank. :1914: Boston Braves (NL) defeat Philadelphia Athletics (AL), 4 games to 0. :::Another contender for greatest upset of all time. The "Miracle Braves," in last place on July 4th, roared on to win the NL pennant and sweep the stunned Athletics. In some circles it has been alleged that the A's were irritated at the penny-pinching ways of their manager/owner, and did not play hard. Mack apparently thought so, as he unloaded most of his high-priced stars soon after, and within two years the A's would achieve the worst won-lost percentage in modern history (even worse than the 1962 Mets or the 2003 Tigers). :1915: Boston Red Sox (AL) defeat Philadelphia Phillies (NL), 4 games to 1. :::The Phillies win Game 1 before being swept the rest of the way. It will be 65 years before the Phils will win their next Series game. The Red Sox pitching is so strong that the young Babe Ruth is not used on the mound, but only for a single pinch-hitting appearance. :1916: Boston Red Sox (AL) defeat Brooklyn Robins/Dodgers (NL), 4 games to 1. :::Casey Stengel shines on offense, but otherwise the Red Sox pitching core proves too much for the denizens of Flatbush. Babe Ruth pitches 13 shutout innings in Game 2, starting a consecutive scoreless innings streak that will reach 29 in 1918. The Red Sox play their home games at the larger Braves Field, and it pays off as they draw a then-record 42,620 for the final game. :1917: Chicago White Sox (AL) defeat New York Giants (NL), 4 games to 2. :::Another Series loss for the Giants. The decisive game underscores the Giants' post-season frustrations, featuring a famous rundown in which Giants' third baseman Heinie Zimmerman futilely chases the speedy Eddie Collins toward home plate with apparently no one to throw to. This will be the last White Sox World Series win until 2005. :1918: Boston Red Sox (AL) defeat Chicago Cubs (NL), 4 games to 2. :::The Series is played early in September due to the World War I "Work or Fight order." It is marred by players threatening to strike due to low gate receipts. There are also rumors of a "fix," but there is no solid evidence, and with the War dominating the news, nothing comes of it. :::This will be the last Red Sox World Series win until 2004. The subsequent drought of eighty-six years will eventually become attributed to the Curse of the Bambino, as the Red Sox trade the superbly talented but troublesome Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees for cash in the off-season a year later. :1919: Cincinnati Reds (NL) defeat Chicago White Sox (AL), 5 games to 3. :::The Black Sox scandal. Eight Chicago players conspire with gamblers to accept bribes and purposely lose the Series, in the face of being heavy favorites at the conclusion of the regular season. Of the 3 games won by the Sox, 2 come with Dick Kerr on the mound; he was not in on the "fix." The third is won by Ed Cicotte, who was, but was angry about gamblers reneging on their deals. It is likely the Sox would have won the Series easily if it had been played honestly. Although rumors are rife, even as the games are being played, that the Series is fixed (or "doped" in the slang of the day), it will be almost a year before suspicion becomes certainty, at which point the eight men are banned permanently from organized baseball. Some attribute the White Sox's inability to win a World Series for 86 years following this event to the "curse" brought on by the scandal.

1920-1941: The "Live Ball Era" (sometimes "The Golden Age")

:1920: Cleveland Indians (AL) defeat Brooklyn Robins/Dodgers (NL), 5 games to 2. :::Wilbert Robinson's boys again face a juggernaut in the post-season. Cleveland second baseman Bill Wambsganss turns an unassisted triple play — one of roughly only a dozen such plays in major league history, and the only one in a World Series. Earlier in the same game, Cleveland rightfielder Elmer Smith had hit the first grand slam home run in Series history. :1921: New York Giants (NL) defeat New York Yankees (AL), 5 games to 3. :::McGraw's Giants finally get another win in a closely-contested matchup. The Series ends on a double play featuring a baserunning miscue. All games are played at the Polo Grounds, the two teams alternating as the home team every game. The last of the experimental 5-of-9 Series. :1922: New York Giants (NL) defeat New York Yankees (AL), 4 games to 0 (one tie). :::By now the term "World Series" is frequently used, as opposed to "World's Series". Game 2, a tie called on account of darkness, produces such an uproar that Commissioner Landis orders the gate receipts turned over to charity. The Giants pitch around Babe Ruth and score just enough runs to win each of the other games. All games again played at the Polo Grounds, and again alternating home teams. McGraw's final Series win. :1923: New York Yankees (AL) defeat New York Giants (NL), 4 games to 2. :::The Yankees opened their new Yankee Stadium in April on a home run by Ruth, setting the tone for the season and this Series, in which he hit 3 home runs along with drawing 8 walks. The Giants' one bright spot was "Old Casey" Stengel, who hit game-winning homers in each of the two Giants' victories. He would be traded after the season, leading him to quip later in life, "It's a good thing I didn't hit three homers in three games, or McGraw would have traded me to the Three-I League!". This marks the only time that three straight World Series have featured the same two teams.Three-I League :1924: Washington Senators/Nationals (AL) defeat New York Giants (NL), 4 games to 3. :::Walter Johnson, making his first World Series appearance toward the end of his storied career with the Senators, loses his two starts. The Nats battle back to force a game seven, giving Johnson a chance to redeem himself when he comes on in relief in that game. Johnson holds on to get the win and to give Washington its only World Series win. The franchise will not win another World Series until 1987, by which time it will have been playing in the Twin Cities (Minnesota) for over a quarter-century. The Giants become the only National League team to play in four consecutive World Series. :1925: Pittsburgh Pirates (NL) defeat Washington Senators/Nationals (AL), 4 games to 3. :::Washington's Walter Johnson dominates the Pirates in Games 1 and 4 to give the Senators a 3 games to 1 lead in the Series. After Pittsburgh wins the next two games, Johnson again takes the mound for Game 7, and carries a 6-4 lead into the bottom of the seventh inning. But errors by shortstop Roger Peckinpaugh in both the seventh and eighth inning lead to four unearned runs, and the Pirates become the first team in a best-of-7 Series to overcome a 3 games to 1 deficit to win the championship. :1926: St. Louis Cardinals (NL) defeat New York Yankees (AL), 4 games to 3. :::Grover Cleveland Alexander, pitching on short rest, comes out of the bullpen to strike out Tony Lazzeri with the bases loaded in game seven and lead the Cardinals to victory, upsetting the powerful New York Yankees Murderers' Row lineup. Social historians point out the irony of that matchup, as both men suffered secretly from epilepsy. The final out of the series is made when Babe Ruth, having been walked, inadvisably tries to steal and is easily thrown out. The series features a three-home run game by Ruth in game four, a World Series record only equalled twice: by Ruth again in 1928, and by Reggie Jackson in 1977. :1927: New York Yankees (AL) defeat Pittsburgh Pirates (NL), 4 games to 0. :::The "Murderers Row" Yankees, who won 110 games during the regular season, reportedly take a show-off batting practice before Game 1 in which they purposely rocket as many as they can into the seats. Whether true or legend, the Yankees have little trouble dispatching the Pirates, who will not see another Series for 33 years. :1928: New York Yankees (AL) defeat St. Louis Cardinals (NL), 4 games to 0. :::Babe Ruth hits .625 (10 for 16) as the Yankees demolish their opponents by a combined score of 27 to 10. :1929: Philadelphia Athletics (AL) defeat Chicago Cubs (NL), 4 games to 1. :::The famous "Mack Attack" occurs, named for the legendary manager of the Athletics, Connie Mack, in which the Athletics overcome an eight run deficit by scoring ten runs in the 7th inning of Game 4. The inning features an infamous Cubs' historic moment when centerfielder Hack Wilson loses Mule Haas' fly ball in the sun, resulting in a bases-clearing, inside-the-park home run, although the A's still trail 8-7 at that point. Game 1 features a surprise start by aging Howard Ehmke, whose record 13 Cubs strikeouts will stand until 1953. :1930: Philadelphia Athletics (AL) defeat St. Louis Cardinals (NL), 4 games to 2. :::The A's pitching ace Lefty Grove wins 2 and saves 1 as the Mackmen play the Cards right. :1931: St. Louis Cardinals (NL) defeat Philadelphia Athletics (AL), 4 games to 3. :::Pepper Martin leads the Redbirds with hits and stolen bases galore, and also makes a running catch to stifle a 9th-inning rally by the A's in the final game and Mack's final World Series appearance. :1932: New York Yankees (AL) defeat Chicago Cubs (NL), 4 games to 0. :::Babe Ruth hits his famous "called shot" home run — which is followed immediately by a Lou Gehrig solo home run, "The Thunder after the Lightning" — in Game 3 of this dominating Yankees performance in what will be Ruth's final Series. :1933: New York Giants (NL) defeat Washington Senators (AL), 4 games to 1. :::The Giants easily defeat the Nats behind "King" Carl Hubbell and "Prince" Hal Schumacher. This will be the last Series appearance by a Washington team as of 2005. :1934: St. Louis Cardinals (NL) defeat Detroit Tigers (AL), 4 games to 3. :::Brothers Dizzy Dean and Paul Dean each win two games for the "Gas House Gang" Cardinals. :1935: Detroit Tigers (AL) defeat Chicago Cubs (NL), 4 games to 2. :::Stan Hack leads of the 9th of Game 6 with a triple, only to be stranded, and the Tigers score the Series winner on a single by Goose Goslin in the bottom of the inning. :1936: New York Yankees (AL) defeat New York Giants (NL), 4 games to 2. :::Hubbell wins Game 1, but it's all downhill after that. The Yankees win Game 2 at the Polo Grounds by an 18-4 count, a Series record for lopsided scoring. Joe DiMaggio makes all three 9th inning outs in that game, the final a long fly that he snares and then keeps on running all the way up the clubhouse steps. :1937: New York Yankees (AL) defeat New York Giants (NL), 4 games to 1. :::DiMaggio hits his first Series homer, and Gehrig his last, in an easy Yanks victory. :1938: New York Yankees (AL) defeat Chicago Cubs (NL), 4 games to 0. :::Dizzy Dean, whose sore arm had carried the Cubs all year, runs out of gas in the Series as the Yanks crush the Cubs again. It will be the 2003 regular season (inter-league play) before the Cubs win a meaningful game against the Yankees. :1939: New York Yankees (AL) defeat Cincinnati Reds (NL), 4 games to 0. :::In the 9th inning of the final game, a famous play at the plate typifies the Series, as Charlie Keller scores when he and the ball both collide with catcher Ernie Lombardi, and then Joe DiMaggio also scores while Lombardi, rolling on the ground, tries in vain to retrieve the ball to make the tag. Lombardi had been smacked in the groin, but the puritanical press reported it as if Lombardi was "napping" at the plate. For the fourth consecutive year, every game is won by a team from New York. :1940: Cincinnati Reds (NL) defeat Detroit Tigers (AL), 4 games to 3. :::A closely contested Series, especially the final game which was a heartbreaker for the Tigers, as losing pitcher Bobo Newsom had lost his father, who died in a Cincinnati hotel room the day after watching his son win Game 5. :1941: New York Yankees (AL) defeat Brooklyn Dodgers (NL), 4 games to 1. :::The name "Subway Series" arises, for a World Series played between two New York City teams. The last pre-War Series. Punctuated by Mickey Owen's dropped third strike of a sharply breaking curve (a suspected spitball) pitched by Hugh Casey, in the 9th inning of Game 4, leading to a Yankees rally and one win away from another Series clincher.

1942-1945: The war years

:1942: St. Louis Cardinals (NL) defeat New York Yankees (AL), 4 games to 1. :::A scrappy young Redbirds team, their rally in Game 1 falling just short, sweep the remaining games and shock the old-guard Yankees players in a notable upset. :1943: New York Yankees (AL) defeat St. Louis Cardinals (NL), 4 games to 1. :::The old Yanks turn the tables on the Cardinals and get revenge for 1942. The Series is scheduled for a 3-4 format due to wartime travel restrictions. Yankees manager Joe McCarthy's final Series win. :1944: St. Louis Cardinals (NL) defeat St. Louis Browns (AL), 4 games to 2. :::This war year sees perhaps the nadir of 20th-century baseball, as the long-moribund St. Louis Browns win their only American League pennant. As both teams call Sportsman's Park home, the 2-3-2 home field assignment is preserved. The Junior World Series of that same year, partly hosted in Baltimore's converted football stadium, easily outdraws the "real" Series and attracts attention to Baltimore as a potential maj