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Hal Chase

Hal Chase

, at Comiskey Park.]] Harold Homer Chase (February 13, 1883 in Los Gatos, California - May 18, 1947 in Colusa, California), nicknamed "Prince Hal", was a first baseman in Major League Baseball, widely viewed as the best fielder at his position, who was banned from baseball for corruption. During his career, he played for the New York Highlanders (1910-1913), Chicago White Sox (1913-1914), Buffalo Buffeds (1914-1915), Cincinnati Reds (1916-1918), and New York Giants (1919). There is little doubt that Chase was an excellent player. No lesser figures than Babe Ruth and Walter Johnson named him the best first baseman ever, and contemporary reports describe his glovework as outstanding. However, despite being an excellent hitter and peerless defensive player, Chase seemed to personify the corruption of the sport in the period before the Black Sox scandal. Starting from 1910, allegations of corruption surrounded him. That year, he was accused of throwing games by manager George Stallings, after Chase resented Stallings' appointment in preference to himself. Three years later, the charge was repeated by his new manager, Frank Chance, who solved the problem by trading him to the White Sox. Following a spell in the short lived Federal League, he went to the Reds of the National League. After Buck Herzog was fired as Reds manager in 1917, Chase was again passed over again for management in favor of Christy Mathewson. Midway through the 1918 season, Mathewson suspended Chase, again on suspicion of throwing games, and sold him to John McGraw's Giants at the season's end. With the Giants, Chase teamed up with like-minded Heinie Zimmerman and Jean Dubuc, who were also believed to have thrown games for money, before finally being temporarily banned by National League president John Heydler. In addition to the accusations of his managers, Chase was known to consort with gamblers and was believed to have bet against his own team on a number of occasions. Although it is questionable whether he was involved in fixing the 1919 World Series, it is likely that he knew of it, and he won $40,000 betting on the Reds. In 1921, the weight of evidence of his corruption led to him receiving a lifetime ban from baseball from Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis.

External links


-
- [http://www.baseballlibrary.com/baseballlibrary/ballplayers/C/Chase_Hal.stm Bio on BaseballLibrary.com]
- [http://www.chaseplace.iwarp.com/index.html The Hal Chase Place]
- [http://www.thedeadballera.com/BadBoneChase.html Bio on TheDeadBallEra.com] Chase, Hal Chase, Hal Chase, Hal Chase, Hal Chase, Hal Chase, Hal Chase, Hal

Comiskey Park

Comiskey Park (35th Street & Shields Avenue, Chicago, Illinois) was the ballpark in which the Chicago White Sox played from 1910 to 1990. It was built by Charles Comiskey and was the site of four World Series (one of which was played by the Chicago Cubs due to lack of seating at Wrigley Field) and over 6,000 major league games. The park was built on a former city dump that Comiskey bought in 1909 to replace the wooden South Side Park. Comiskey Park was very modern for its time, being constructed of concrete and steel and seating 29,000, a record at the time. Briefly, it retained the nickname "The Baseball Palace of the World." The park's design was strongly influenced by Sox pitcher Ed Walsh, and was known for its pitcher-friendly proportions (362 feet to the foul poles, 420 feet down the middle). Later changes were made, but the park remained more or less favorable to defensive teams. For many years this reflected on the White Sox style of play: solid defense, and short, quick hits. The 1959 American League Most Valuable Player, Nellie Fox, who led the White Sox to the 1959 American League championship, was known for his frequent hit production. The first game in Comiskey Park was a 2-0 loss to the St. Louis Browns on July 1, 1910. The last game at Comiskey was a win, 2-1, over Seattle on September 30, 1990. The White Sox won their first-ever home night game, over St. Louis on August 14, 1939, 5-2. Comiskey Park was the site of the first-ever MLB All-Star Game, in 1933. It was also the site of the 50th Anniversary All-Star Game in 1983. Fittingly perhaps, the American League's lopsided win began the return of the Americans' strength in the All-Star Game, which had been dominated by the Nationals for the better part of the previous three decades. From the 1970s until its demolition in 1991, Comiskey was the oldest park still in use in Major League Baseball. Many of its known characteristics, such as the pinwheels on the scoreboard (see photo), were installed by Bill Veeck (owner of the White Sox from 1959 to 1961, and again from 1975 to 1981). For thirty years from 1960 to 1990, Sox fans were also entertained by Andy the Clown, famous for his famous Jerry Colonna-like elongated cry, "Come ooooooooooon, go! White! Sox!". Starting in the 1970s, Sox fans were further entertained by organist Nancy Faust who picked up on, and reinforced, the spontaneous chants of fans who were singing tunes like, "We will, we will, SOX YOU!" and the now-ubiquitous farewell to departing pitchers and ejected managers, "Na-na-na-na, na-na-na-na, hey-hey, GOOD-BYE!" And before he became an institution on the north side, Sox broadcaster Harry Caray had became a south side icon. At some point he started "conducting" Take Me Out to the Ball Game during the seventh-inning stretch, egged on by Veeck, who (according to Harry himself) said that the fans would sing along when they realized that none of them sang any worse than Harry did! Comiskey Park was officially renamed White Sox Park from 1962 to 1975 after the last Comiskey stockholder had sold their remaining shares. When Bill Veeck re-acquired the team, he restored the original name... and took out the center field fence, reverting to the original 440-plus distance to the wall... a tough target, but reachable by Rich sluggers like Allen and Zisk and other members of a team that was tagged "The South Side Hit Men". They were long removed from their days as "The Hitless Wonders". During that time the ballpark also featured a lounge where one could buy mixed drinks. This prompted some writers to dub Comiskey "Chicago's Largest Outdoor Saloon". For a number of years, off and on, the Chicago Cardinals football team called Comiskey Park home when they weren't playing at Normal Park or Soldier Field. The stadium also presented boxing matches, including World Heavyweight Championship bouts featuring Joe Louis, Floyd Patterson and Sonny Liston. One of its more ignominious events was Disco Demolition Night, a fiasco that threatened instead to demolish the ballpark itself. From a modern perspective, it seems that the White Sox are always second fiddle to the Cubs, and likewise the Cardinals were second fiddle to the Bears before they moved on to greener pastures. It is surprising, then, to discover that the White Sox were the more popular team in town for pockets of their history. In the early years of Comiskey Park, the White Sox regularly outdrew the Cubs. The throwing of the 1919 World Series seemed to take the starch out of the franchise for decades. But the Sox were a contender during the early 1950s and into the mid 1960s, and once again outdrew the perpetually inept Cubs. During the last 8 years of its existence, Comiskey's annual turnstile counts reached the 3 million mark 3 times, including the final season when the team contended for much of the year before fading behind the powerful Oakland Athletics. Bill Veeck once remarked that "There is no more beautiful sight in the world than a ballpark full of people!" On its best days, Comiskey was stuffed to the gills, with 55,000 people or more lining the aisles and even standing for nine (or eighteen) innings on the sloping ramps that criss-crossed behind the scoreboard. The nearly-fully enclosed stands had a way of capturing and reverberating the noise without any artificial enhancement. As someone once remarked, "Wrigley Field yayed and Comiskey Park roared." Comiskey was demolished in 1991, a process that started from behind the right field corner, and took all summer. It was downright painful for old-time fans to watch. The last portion to come down, fittingly, was the center field bleachers and the "exploding" scoreboard. The demise of the old park made way for its successor – across 35th Street – of the same name (later renamed U.S. Cellular Field). Some Sox fans believed that the move was unnecessary, but owner Jerry Reinsdorf was at the time threatening to move the club to Tampa Bay (the stadium now called Tropicana Field was constructed for this purpose), and the local and state governments went along by giving them funds for the new stadium. 'Old' Comiskey's home plate is a bronze plaque on the sidewalk next to U.S. Cellular Field, and the field is a parking lot.

External link


- [http://www.baseballlibrary.com/baseballlibrary/ballplayers/C/Comiskey_Park.stm BaseballLibrary.com]
- [http://terraserver.microsoft.com/image.aspx?T=4&S=10&Z=16&X=2238&Y=23155&W=2&qs=%7cchicago%7cil%7c USGS aerial photo of new park plus old park site] Category:Defunct baseball venues Category:Defunct Major League Baseball venues Category:Defunct American football venues Category:Chicago sports Category:Chicago White Sox Category:Arizona Cardinals Category:Chicago culture

1883

1883 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar).

Events


- January 10 - A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee kills 71
- January 16 - The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, establishing the United States Civil service, is passed
- January 19 - The first electric lighting system employing overhead wires begins service (Roselle, New Jersey) It was built by Thomas Edison.
- February 16 - Ladies Home Journal is published for the first time.
- February 23 - Alabama becomes the first U.S. state to enact an antitrust law.
- February 28 - The first vaudeville theater is opened, in Boston, Massachusetts.
- March - An Australian Catholic school, Star of the Sea College is founded in Elsternwick, Victoria (now known as Gardenstown) by the Irish Presentation Sisters.
- May 24 - Brooklyn Bridge is opened to traffic after 14 years of construction.
- May 30 - In New York City, a rumor that the Brooklyn Bridge was going to collapse causes a stampede which crushes twelve people.
- June 30 - First appearance of The Black Arrow by Robert Louis Stevenson as a serial in Young Folks; A Boys' and Girls' Paper of Instructive and Entertaining Literature
- July 3 - SS Daphne disaster in Glasgow leaves 124 dead.
- July 4 - Worlds first rodeo held in Pecos, TX.
- July 22 – Zulu king Cetshwayo barely escapes rebel attack with his life.
- August - King William's College is opened on the Isle of Man.
- August 12 - The last quagga dies at the Artis Magistra zoo in Amsterdam.
- August 26 - 28 - Krakatau volcano eruption (local time)- 163 villages destroyed, 36380 dead.
- September 15 - The Bombay Natural History Society is founded.
- September 29 - A consortium of flour mill operators in Minneapolis, Minnesota form the Minneapolis, Sault Ste. Marie and Atlantic Railway as a means to get their product to the Great Lakes ports but avoid the high tariffs of Chicago, Illinois.
- October 1 - Sydney Boys High School is founded in Sydney, Australia. It is the first boys public school in Australia.
- October 15 - The Supreme Court of the United States declares part of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 to be unconstitutional since it allowed individuals and corporations to discriminate based on race.
- October 20 - Peru and Chile signed the Treaty of Ancón, by which the Tarapacá province was ceded to the latter, bringing an end to Peru's involvement in the War of the Pacific.
- October 30 - Two Clan na Gael dynamite bombs explode in the London underground, injuring several people. Next day Home Secretary Vernon Harcourt drafts 300 policemen to guard the underground and introduces the Explosives Bill. Public continues as before.
- November 3 - American Old West: Self-described "Black Bart the Po-8" gets away with his last stagecoach robbery, but leaves an incriminating clue that eventually leads to his capture.
- November 18 - US and Canadian railroads institute five standard continental time zones, ending the confusion of thousands of local times.
- November 28 - Whitman College is chartered as a four-year college in Walla Walla, Washington.

Unknown date


- Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch (German.bacteriologist) discovers the cholera bacillus.
- Antonio Gaudi begins to build Sagrada Familia cathedral.
- Fabian Society founded.
- Orient Express begins operation.

Births

January-June


- January 3 - Clement Attlee, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1967)
- January 6 - Khalil Gibran, Lebanese poet, painter, and novelist (d. 1931)
- January 10 - Francis X. Bushman, American actor (d. 1966)
- January 10 - Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoi, Russian writer (d. 1945)
- January 21 - Olav Aukrust, Norwegian poet (d. 1929)
- February 15 - Sax Rohmer, English author (d. 1959)
- February 7 - Eubie Blake, American musician and composer (d. 1983)
- February 22 - Marguerite Clark, American silent film actress (d. 1940)
- February 23 - Karl Jaspers, German philosopher (d. 1969)
- February 23 - Victor Fleming, American film director (d. 1949)
- March 19 - Walter Haworth, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1950)
- March 19 - Joseph Stilwell, American soldier (d. 1946)
- April 1 - Lon Chaney, Sr., American actor (d. 1930)
- April 11 - Hozumi Shigeto, Japanese author (d. 1951)
- April 15 - Stanley Bruce, eighth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1967)
- April 30 - Jaroslav Hašek, Czech writer (d. 1923)
- May 1 - Tom Moore, Irish actor (d. 1955)
- May 18 - Walter Gropius, German architect (d. 1969)
- May 20 - King Faisal I of Iraq (d. 1933)
- May 21 - Swan Glassey, inventor (d. 1962)
- May 23 - Douglas Fairbanks, American actor (d. 1939)
- May 31 - Lauri Kristian Relander, President of Finland (d. 1942)
- June 5 - John Maynard Keynes, English economist (d. 1946)
- June 7 - Sylvanus G. Morley, American scholar and World War I spy (d. 1948)
- June 21 - Lluís Companys i Jover, President of Catalonia (d. 1940)
- June 24 - Victor Franz Hess, Austrian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964)
- June 28 - Pierre Laval, Prime Minister of France (d. 1945)

July-December


- July 3 - Franz Kafka, Austrian writer (d. 1924)
- July 4 - Rube Goldberg, American cartoonist (d. 1970)
- July 29 - Porfirio Barba-Jacob, Colombian writer (d. 1942)
- July 29 - Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy (d. 1945)
- August 19 - Elsie Ferguson, American actress (d. 1961)
- August 23 - Jesse Pennington, English footballer (d. 1970)
- August 23 - Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV, American general (d. 1953)
- August 30 - Theo van Doesburg, Dutch artist, painter, architect, and poet (d. 1931)
- September 15 - Esteban Terradas i Illa, Catalan mathematician, scientist, and engineer (d. 1950)
- October 8 - Otto Heinrich Warburg, German phsyician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
- October 26 - Paul Pilgrim, American athlete (d. 1958)
- November 4 - Nikolaos Plastiras, Greek general and politician (d. 1953)
- November 8 - Arnold Bax, English composer (d. 1953)
- November 11 - Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor (d. 1969)
- November 18 - Carl Vinson, U. S. Congressman (d. 1981)
- November 25 - Harvey Spencer Lewis, American Rosicrucian mystic (d. 1939)
- November 25 - Merrill C. Meigs, American newspaper publisher and aviation promoter (d. 1968)
- December 3 - Anton Webern, Austrian composer (d. 1945)
- December 13 - Belle da Costa Greene, librarian, bibliographer, archivist (d. 1950)
- December 16 ? Max Linder, French actor (d. 1925)
- December 22 - Edgar Varèse, French composer (d. 1965)
- December 25 - Maurice Utrillo, French artist and illustrator (d. 1955)

Unknown date


- Alberto Gerchunoff, Argentine writer (d. 1949)
- T. F. O'Rahilly, Irish academic
- Lothrop Stoddard, American eugenicist and racist (d. 1950)

Deaths


- January 10 - Samuel Mudd, American doctor to John Wilkes Booth (b. 1833)
- January 23 - Gustave Doré, French artist (b. 1832)
- January 24 - Friedrich von Flotow, German composer (b. 1812)
- February 13 - Richard Wagner, German composer (b. 1813)
- February 17 - Napoleon Coste, French guitarist and composer (b. 1806)
- March 14 - Karl Marx, German philosopher (b. 1818)
- April 30 - Edouard Manet, French painter (b. 1832)
- May 24 - Abdel Kadir, Algerian leader (b. 1808)
- May 26 - Edward Sabine, Irish astronomer (b. 1788)
- July 22 - Edward Ord, U.S. Army officer (b. 1818)
- September 3 - Ivan Turgenev, Russian writer (b. 1818)
- October 30 - Robert Volkmann, German composer (b. 1815)
- December 13 - Victor de Laprade, French poet and critic (b. 1812) Category:1883 ko:1883년 ms:1883 simple:1883 th:พ.ศ. 2426

Los Gatos, California

Los Gatos is a town located in Santa Clara County, California, United States. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 28,592. It is located on the edge of Silicon Valley on the southwest corner of San Jose on the hilly edge of the Santa Cruz Mountains. Homes are mostly upscale, varying from million-dollar cottages in the village itself to large custom homes in the surrounding hills. The town is noted for its many antique stores and upscale but small-town downtown. The name Los Gatos is Spanish, meaning the cats. The name derives from the 1839 Alta California land-grant that encompassed the area, which was called Rancho Rinconada de Los Gatos, ("the corner of the cats"), where "the cats" refers to the mountain lions that are indigenous to the Santa Cruz Mountains in whose foothills the town nestles. The name is normally pronounced in anglicized form, sounding like las gaddis, although one also hears pronunciations truer to the original Spanish, lohs GAH tos.

History

Geography

Santa Cruz MountainsLos Gatos is located at 37°14'10" North, 121°57'42" West (37.236044, -121.961768). Los Gatos is bisected by California State Highway 17, which runs through the town from south to north. The terms "East Los Gatos" and "West Los Gatos" are sometimes used to describe the parts of the town that lie east and west of Highway 17, respectively, but there is no official governmental division of the town as such. Prior to 1997, the town's two main ZIP codes corresponded to the portions of the town east and west of Highway 17, with 95032 on the east side and 95030 on the west side, but the postal service rezoned the ZIP codes along a north-south division, to better correspond to the two post offices in Los Gatos, which are located at the north and south ends of town. California State Route 85 marks more-or-less the northern boundary of the town, although there are pockets of houses north of Highway 85 that are technically part of Los Gatos. Downtown Los Gatos, the area on and around Santa Cruz Avenue and Main Street, is located in the southwest quadrant of town. A left exit on northbound Highway 17 becomes the south end of South Santa Cruz Avenue, leading into downtown. The area around Los Gatos Boulevard, east of Highway 17, is much more typically suburban than downtown, with medium-sized shopping centers clustered at major intersections of the multilane boulevard. Vasona Park, a county park, and neighboring Oak Meadow Park, which belongs to the town, are located in what is roughly the geographic middle of the town, bordered on the south by Blossom Hill Road, on the east by Highway 17, on the west by University Avenue, and reaching at the north end not quite all the way to Lark Avenue. Los Gatos Creek begins in the Santa Cruz Mountains south of the town and runs through the town parallel to Highway 17 all the way through neighboring Campbell and San Jose to the Guadalupe River, which flows into San Francisco Bay. A walking, jogging, and biking trail called the Los Gatos Creek Trail runs alongside much of the creek from Lexington Dam through Vasona Park and Campbell to Meridian Avenue in San Jose. In Los Gatos, the trail passes the 1854 Forbes Mill. El Sereno mountain stands to the southwest; El Sombroso stands to the southeast. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 28.0 km² (10.8 mi²). 27.7 km² (10.7 mi²) of it is land and 0.3 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.93% water.

Demographics

mi² or city government offices.]] As of the census of 2000, there are 28,592 people, 11,988 households, and 7,300 families residing in the town. The population density is 1,030.8/km² (2,669.1/mi²). There are 12,367 housing units at an average density of 445.8/km² (1,154.5/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 86.68% White, 0.79% African American, 0.30% Native American, 7.60% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 1.28% from other races, and 3.27% from two or more races. 5.21% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 11,988 households out of which 27.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.9% are married couples living together, 7.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% are non-families. 29.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.33 and the average family size is 2.93. In the town the population is spread out with 21.2% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 41 years. For every 100 females there are 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 87.2 males. The median income for a household in the town is $94,319, and the median income for a family is $119,194. Males have a median income of $89,420 versus $57,596 for females. The per capita income for the town is $56,094. 4.3% of the population and 3.1% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 4.4% of those under the age of 18 and 5.6% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Companies located in Los Gatos


- [http://www.Firetide.com Firetide]
- Netflix
- Rocket Mobile

Schools


- Los Gatos Union School District
- Los Gatos High School

External links


- [http://www.town.los-gatos.ca.us/ Town of Los Gatos Official Web Site]
- [http://losgatosobserved.com/ Los Gatos Observed: Non-commercial News and Info]
- [http://www.LGUSL.org/ Los Gatos United Soccer League Official Web Site] Category:Santa Clara County, California Category:Towns in California

1947

1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar).

Events

January


- January 1 - British mines nationalized
- January 1 - Nigeria gains limited autonomy
- January 1 - The Canadian Citizenship Act went into effect
- January 3 - Proceedings of the U.S. Congress are televised for the first time
- January 10 - United Nations takes control of the free city of Trieste
- January 15 - Elizabeth Short (the "Black Dahlia") is found murdered
- January 16 - Inauguration of Vincent Auriol as a president of France
- January 24 - Demetrios Maximos founds monarchist government in Athens
- January 25 - Philippinean plane crashes in Hong Kong with $5 million worth of gold and money
- January 30 - February 8 - heavy blizzard in Canada buries towns from Winnipeg to Calgary

February


- February 3 - In Snag, Yukon Territory, -63 degrees Celsius
- February 3 - Percival Prattis becomes the first African American news correspondent allowed in the United States House of Representatives and Senate press gallery.
- February 5 - Boleslaw Bierut becomes president of Poland
- February 10 - Paris peace treaties signed between the World War II Allies and Italy, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria: Italy cedes most of Istria to Yugoslavia
- February 12 - A meteor creates a crater into Sikhote-Alin, Soviet Union
- February 17 - Propaganda: The Voice of America begins to transmit radio broadcasts into the Soviet Union.
- February 20 - State of Prussia ceases to exist
- February 20 - Explosion at the O'Connor Electro-Plating Co in Los Angeles, California - 17 dead, 100 buildings damaged, 22-foot crater
- February 21 - In New York City, Edwin Land demonstrates the first "instant camera", the Polaroid Land Camera, to a meeting of the Optical Society of America.
- February 23 - International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is founded.
- February 28 - USA gives France a military base in Casablanca
- February 28 - In Taiwan, civil disorder is put down with large loss of civilian lives.

March-May


- March 1 - The International Monetary Fund begins to operate.
- March 1 - Wernher von Braun marries his first cousin, 18-year-old Maria von Quirstorp.
- March 1 - Japanese city Tsushima, Aichi is founded
- March 6 - USS Newport News, the first air-conditioned naval ship, is launched from Newport News, Virginia.
- March 12 - The Truman Doctrine is proclaimed to help stem the spread of Communism.
- March 15 - Hindus and Muslims clash in Punjab
- March 21 - Homer Collyer of the Collyer brothers is found dead in their house in Harlem, New York City. His brother is found April 8
- March 25 - A coalmine explosion in Centralia, Illinois kills 111.
- March 28 - WW2 Japanese booby trap explodes in Corregidor - 28 dead
- March 29 - Rebellion against French rule erupts in Madagascar
- April 16 - The Texas City Disaster - Ammonium nitrate cargo of SS Grandcap explodes in Texas City, Texas - 552 dead, 3000 injured, 200 lost, 20 city blocks destroyed
- May 1 - Gang of Salvatore Giuliano opens fire on a labor parade near Portella Della Ginestra, Sicily; Eleven killed, thirty wounded
- May 3 - New post-war Japanese constitution goes into effect.
- May 22 - Cold War: In an effort to fight the spread of Communism, President Harry S. Truman signs an act implementing the Truman Doctrine. The act granted $400 million in military and economic aid to Turkey and Greece.

June


- June 5 - Secretary of State Gen George Marshall outlines the Marshall Plan for U.S. aid to Europe.
- June 10 - Saab produces its first automobile.
- June 15 - Portuguese government orders 11 military officers and 19 university professors to resign accused of revolutionary activity
- June 20 - Bugsy Siegel found shot in the Beverly Hills mansion of Virginia Hill
- June 21 - A Seaman named Harold Dahl claims to have seen six UFOs near Maury Island. The next morning Dahl reports the first modern MIB encounter.
- June 23 - The United States Senate follows the United States House of Representatives in overriding U.S. President Harry S. Truman's veto of the Taft-Hartley Act.

July

Taft-Hartley Act
- July 1 - The Australian real estate franchise L. J. Hooker lists on the Australian Stock Exchange
- July 7 - Downed UFO believed to be found in the Roswell UFO incident
- July 10 - Princess Elizabeth announces engagement to Philip Mountbatten
- July 11 - Exodus (ship) departs France to Palestine with 4500 Jewish Holocaust survivor refugees
- July 18 - Following wide media and UNSCOP coverage, Exodus (ship) is captured by British troops and refused entry to Palestine in the port of Haifa
- July 18 - President Harry S. Truman signs the Presidential Succession Act into law which places the Speaker of the House and the Senate President Pro Tempore next in the line of succession after the United States Vice President.
- July 19 - Murder of Burmese nationalist Aung San
- July 24 - 100 year anniversary of Brigham Young leading 148 Mormon pioneers into the Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City.
- July 26 - Cold War: U.S. President Harry S. Truman signs the National Security Act into United States law creating the Central Intelligence Agency, Department of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the National Security Council.
- July 29 - After being shut off on November 9, 1946 for a refurbishment, ENIAC, one of the world's first digital computers, is turned on after a memory upgrade. It will remain in continuous operation until October 2, 1955.
- July 30 - Thor Heyerdahl sails with Kon-Tiki

August

Kon-Tiki Kon-Tiki
- August 5 - Netherlands stops political actions in Indonesia
- August 7 - Thor Heyerdahl's balsa wood raft the Kon-Tiki, smashes into the reef at Raroia in the Tuamotu Islands after a 101 day, 4,300 mile journey across the Pacific Ocean proving that pre-historic peoples could have traveled from South America.
- August 7 - The Bombay Municipal Corporation formally takes over the Bombay Electric Supply and Transport (BEST).
- August 9 - Beginning the 6 Scout World Jamboree - see [http://www.jamboree1947.com Jamboree Scout 1947] (in French)
- August 14 - Pakistan gains independence from the British Empire under the leadership of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. While the transition is officially at midnight on this day, Pakistan celebrates its independence on August 14 compared to India on the 15th. Muhammad Ali Jinnah became the first Governor General of Pakistan.
- August 15 - Following decades of nonviolent resistance and periodic civil unrest from 1919, India gains independence from the British Empire. Pakistan splits from India. Jawaharlal Nehru takes office as first Prime Minister of India.
- August 15 - The Khan of Baluchistan declares independence (acceeds to Pakistan in 1948)
- August 16 - In Greece, General Markos Vafiadis takes over
- August 23 - Prime Minister of Greece Dimitrios Maximos resigns.
- August 27 - When the French government lowers the bread ration to 200 grams, it causes riots in Verdun and Le Mans

September-October


- September 4-September 21 - Hurricane in southeast Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama - 51 killed
- September 9 - "First actual case of (a computer) bug being found" - a moth lodged in a relay of a Mark II computer at Harvard.
- September 13 - Nehru suggests transfer of 4 million Hindus and Muslims between India and Pakistan.
- September 18 - The United States Army Air Forces, along with some components of the United States Navy's air arm, becomes the United States Air Force.
- October 14 - American test pilot, Captain Chuck Yeager flies a Bell X-1 faster than the speed of sound, the first man to do so in level flight.
- October 20 - The Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 begins
- October 30 - The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which is the foundation of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) is founded.

November


- November 2 - In California, Designer Howard Hughes performs the maiden flight of the Spruce Goose; the largest fixed-wing aircraft ever built (flight lasted only eight minutes).
- November 2 - Earthquake in Chilean Andes - 233 dead
- November 10 - Arrest of four steel workers in Marseille begins a communist rioting that spreads to Paris
- November 16 - 15.000 demonstrate in Brussels against the relatively short sentences of Nazis.
- November 16 - British begin to withdraw their troops from Palestine.
- November 20- Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth marries the Duke of Edinburgh at Westminster Abbey, London.
- November 20 - Paul Ramadier resigns as Prime Minister of France - he is succeeded by Robert Schuman. Schuman calls 80.000 reservists to quell the rioting miners
- November 24 - Red Scare:The United States House of Representatives votes 346 to 17 to approve citations of contempt of U.S. Congress against the so-called Hollywood 10 after the 10 had refused to co-operate with the House Un-American Activities Committee concerning allegations of Communist influence in the movie industry, (the 10 were blacklisted by Hollywood movie studios the next day).
- November 25 - New Zealand ratifies the Statute of Westminster and thus becomes independent of legislative control by the United Kingdom.
- November 27 - In Paris, police occupy editorial offices of communist newspapers.
- November 29 - The United Nations General Assembly votes to partition Palestine between Arabs and Jews.

December


- December 3 - French communist strikers derail Paris-Tourcoing Express train because of false rumors that it was transporting soldiers - 21 dead
- December 3 - Tennessee Williams' play A Streetcar Named Desire opens on Broadway.
- December 4 - French interior minister Jules Moch secures emergency measures against riots after six days of violent arguments in the national assembly
- December 9 - French labour unions calls off the general strike and begin negotiations with the French government
- December 23 - the Transistor is invented.
- December 30 - King Michael of Romania abdicates

Unknown dates


- Prussia is legally abolished in March by the Allied Control Council following World War II and the establishment of the Oder-Neisse line as Germany's eastern border.
- The House Un-American Activities Committee begin their investigations of communism in Hollywood.
- Cambridge University begins to admits women as full students.
- Mikhail Kalashnikov designs the AK-47 assault rifle.
- Walter Morrison invents the Frisbee.
- Raytheon produces first commercial microwave oven.
- Women's suffrage is granted in Argentina.

Births

January


- January 1 - Afeni Shakur
- January 2 - Ai
- January 2 - Jack Hanna, American zoologist
- January 3 - Patricia Anthony
- January 6 - Sandy Denny, British vocalist (d. 1978)
- January 8 - David Bowie, English musician
- January 8 - Jenny Boyd
- January 8 - Samuel Schmid, Swiss Federal Councilor
- January 16 - Laura Schlessinger, American psychologist and radio talk show host
- January 18 - Takeshi Kitano, Japanese film director and actor
- January 23 - Thomas R. Carper, U.S. Senator from Delaware.
- January 24 - Warren Zevon, American musician (d. 2003)
- January 29 - Linda B. Buck, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- January 30 - Les Barker, English poet
- January 30 - Steve Marriott, British musician (The Small Faces) (d. 1991)
- January 31 - Nolan Ryan, baseball player

February


- February 1 - Jessica Savitch, American journalist (d. 1983)
- February 2 - Farrah Fawcett, American actress
- February 2 - Melanie, American singer
- February 3 - Paul Auster, American novelist
- February 4 - Dan Quayle, Vice President of the United States
- February 5 - Darrell Waltrip, American race car driver and broadcaster
- February 10 - Louise Arbour, Canadian jurist
- February 13 - Mike Krzyzewski, American basketball coach
- February 18 - Princess Christina of the Netherlands
- February 18 - Dennis DeYoung, American musician (Styx)
- February 20 - Peter Osgood, English footballer
- February 20 - Peter Strauss, American actor
- February 24 - Edward James Olmos, American actor
- February 25 - Lee Evans, American athlete
- February 25 - Doug Yule, American singer and musician (The Velvet Underground)
- February 27 - Gidon Kremer, Latvian violinist

March


- March 3 - Miyamoto Teru, Japanese author
- March 4 - Jan Garbarek, Norwegian musician
- March 6 - Kiki Dee, American singer
- March 6 - Dick Fosbury, American athlete
- March 6 - Rob Reiner, American actor, comedian, and producer
- March 7 - Matthew Fisher, British singer-songwriter, and producer
- March 7 - Walter Röhrl, German car racer
- March 7 - Richard Lawson, American actor
- March 8 - Carole Bayer Sager, American composer
- March 10 - Kim Campbell, Prime Minister of Canada (1993)
- March 12 - Kalervo Palsa, Finnish artist
- March 13 - Beat Richner, Swiss pediatrician and cellist
- March 14 - Pam Ayres, English poet
- March 14 - Billy Crystal, American actor and comedian
- March 15 - Ry Cooder, American guitarist
- March 19 - Glenn Close, American actress
- March 20 - John Boswell, American historian (d. 1994)
- March 24 - Louise Lanctôt, Canadian terrorist and writer
- March 25 - Elton John, English singer
- March 27 - Walt Mossberg, American newspaper columnist

April


- April 1 - Alain Connes, French mathematician
- April 2 - Emmylou Harris, American singer
- April 2 - Camille Paglia, American writer
- April 6 - John Ratzenberger, American actor
- April 8 - Tom DeLay, American politician
- April 11 - Deem Bristow, American video game actor (d. 2005)
- April 12 - Tom Clancy, American author
- April 12 - David Letterman, American entertainer
- April 16 - Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, American basketball player
- April 18 - Kathy Acker, American author (d. 1997)
- April 18 - James Woods, American actor
- April 19 - Murray Perahia, American pianist
- April 23 - Philip Schneider, American structural engineer
- April 25 - Johan Cruijff, Dutch footballer and coach
- April 29 - Olavo de Carvalho, Brazilian philosopher

May


- May 6 - Martha Nussbaum, American philosopher
- May 8 - H. Robert Horvitz, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- May 13 - Stephen R. Donaldson, American novelist
- May 26 - Glenn Turner, New Zealand cricket captains
- May 27 - Branko Oblak, Slovenian football player and coach

June


- June 4 - Viktor Klima, Chancellor of Austria
- June 6 - David Blunkett, British politician
- June 6 - Ada Kok, Dutch swimmer
- June 8 - Eric F. Wieschaus, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- June 14 - Barry Melton, American musician (Country Joe and The Fish and The Dinosaurs)
- June 15 - John Hoagland, American war photographer (d. 1984)
- June 16 - -minu, Swiss columnist and writer
- June 19 - Salman Rushdie, Indian-born author
- June 20 - The Duchess of Gloucester
- June 20 - Candy Clark, American actress
- June 21 - Shirin Ebadi, Iranian activist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- June 22 - David Lander, American actor and baseball scout
- June 22 - Pete Maravich, American basketball player (d. 1988)
- June 22 - Mike Stone, American football player
- June 28 - Mark Helprin, American writer

July


- July 2 - Larry David, American actor, writer, producer, and director
- July 3 - John William Carter, son of U.S President Jimmy Carter and Rosalynn Carter
- July 7 - Richard Beckinsale, British actor
- July 9 - O. J. Simpson, American football player, actor, and suspected murderer
- July 10 - Arlo Guthrie, American singer
- July 10 - Jackie Lane, British actress
- July 17 - Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
- July 19 - Brian May, English guitarist (Queen)
- July 20 - Gerd Binnig, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- July 20 - Carlos Santana, Mexican guitarist
- July 21 - Co Adriaanse, Dutch football manager
- July 24 - Peter Serkin, American pianist
- July 30 - Arnold Schwarzenegger, Austrian-born actor, bodybuilder, and Governor of California

August


- August 10 - Ian Anderson, British musician (Jethro Tull)
- August 15 - Raakhee Gulzar, Indian actress
- August 19 - Gerard Schwarz, American conductor
- August 24 - Roger De Vlaeminck, Belgian road cyclist
- August 28 - Liza Wang, Hong Kong actress

September


- September 1 - Al Green, American politician
- September 3 - Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway
- September 17 - Tessa Jowell, British politician
- September 19 - Steve Bartlett, U.S. Congressman and Mayor of Dallas, Texas
- September 21 - Stephen King, American author
- September 22 - Norma McCorvey, American abortion plaintiff
- September 27 - Dick Advocaat, Dutch football manager
- September 30 - Marc Bolan, English musician (T Rex) (d. 1977)

October


- October 1 - Aaron Ciechanover, Israeli biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- October 5 - Brian Johnson, English singer
- October 14 - Lukas Resetarits, Austrian cabaret artist and actor
- October 17 - Gene Green, American politician
- October 19 - Giorgio Cavazzano, Italian comics artist and illustrator
- October 24 - Kevin Kline, American actor
- October 26 - Hillary Rodham Clinton, First Lady of the United States and Senator from New York
- October 26 - Trevor Joyce, Irish poet

November


- November 14 - P. J. O'Rourke, American journalist and satirist
- November 19 - Bob Boone, baseball player and manager
- November 19 - Lamar S. Smith, American politician
- November 24 - Dwight Schultz, American actor

December


- December 7 - Wendy Padbury, British actress
- December 8 - Thomas R. Cech, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- December 9 - Tom Daschle, U.S. Senator
- December 14 - Christopher Parkening, American guitarist
- December 18 - Rod Piazza, American musician
- December 16 - Vincent Matthews, American athlete
- December 21 - Paco de Lucía, Spanish guitarist
- December 26 - Carlton Fisk, baseball player
- December 28 - Aurelio Rodríguez, Mexican Major League Baseball player (d. 2000)
- December 29 - Ted Danson, American actor
- December 30 - Michael Burns, American actor
- December 30 - Jeff Lynne, British musician (Electric Light Orchestra)
- December 31 - Tim Matheson, American actor
- December 31 - Burton Cummings, Canadian Musician Songwriter

Unknown date


- Florence Anthony, American poet

Fictional

None yet. Please erase this and put a name when one goes up here.

Deaths


- Emil J. Brach, American candy manufacturer (b. 1859)
- January 20 - Andrew Volstead, American politician (b. 1860)
- January 25 - Al Capone, American gangster (b. 1899)
- March 11 - Victor Lustig, Austrian-born con artist (b. 1890)
- March 18 - William C. Durant, American automobile pioneer (b. 1861)
- March 19 - Prudence Heward, Canadian painter (b. 1896)
- March 20 - Victor Goldschmidt, Swiss geochemist (b. 1888)
- March 30 - Arthur Machen, Welsh-born author (b. 1863)
- April 1 - King George II of Greece (b. 1890)
- April 7 - Henry Ford, American automobile manufacturer (b. 1863)
- April 20 - King Christian X of Denmark (b. 1870)
- April 24 - Willa Cather, American novelist (b. 1873)
- May 8 - Harry Gordon Selfridge, American department store magnate (b. 1858)
- May 16 - Frederick Hopkins, English biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (b. 1861)
- May 17 - George William Forbes, Prime Minister of New Zealand
- May 20 - Philipp Lenard, Austrian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862)
- May 24 - C. F. Ramuz, Swiss writer (b. 1878)
- July 19 - Aung San, Burmese nationalist (assassinated) (b. 1915)
- July 30 - Joseph Cook, sixth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1860)
- October 4 - Max Planck, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1858)
- October 6 - Leevi Madetoja, Finnish composer (b. 1887)
- November 25 - Léon-Paul Fargue, French writer (b. 1876)
- December 1 - Aleister Crowley, British occultist (b. 1875)
- December 1 - G. H. Hardy, British mathematician (b. 1877)
- December 7 - Tristan Bernard, French writer and lawyer (b. 1866)
- December 7 - Nicholas M. Butler, American president of Columbia University, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1862)
- December 17 - J. N. Brønsted, Danish chemist (b. 1879)

Nobel Prizes


- Physics - Edward Victor Appleton
- Chemistry - Sir Robert Robinson
- Medicine - Carl Ferdinand Cori, Gerty Cori, Bernardo Houssay
- Literature - André Gide
- Peace - The Friends Service Council (UK) and The American Friends Service Committee (USA), on behalf of the Religious Society of Friends Category:1947 ko:1947년 ms:1947 ja:1947年 simple:1947 th:พ.ศ. 2490

Colusa, California

Colusa is the county seat of Colusa County, California. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 5,402.

Geography

2000Colusa is located at 39°12'34" North, 122°0'38" West (39.209354, -122.010436). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.3 km² (1.7 mi²). 4.3 km² (1.7 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 5,402 people, 1,897 households, and 1,365 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,248.9/km² (3,244.0/mi²). There are 2,016 housing units at an average density of 466.1/km² (1,210.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 68.66% White, 0.30% Black or African American, 1.76% Native American, 1.46% Asian, 0.78% Pacific Islander, 23.29% from other races, and 3.76% from two or more races. 41.71% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. Latino There are 1,897 households out of which 40.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.7% are married couples living together, 11.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% are non-families. 23.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.81 and the average family size is 3.33. In the city the population is spread out with 30.2% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 32 years. For every 100 females there are 99.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 98.9 males. The median income for a household in the city is $35,250, and the median income for a family is $41,833. Males have a median income of $32,006 versus $20,510 for females. The per capita income for the city is $15,251. 17.2% of the population and 14.2% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 20.0% of those under the age of 18 and 8.9% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

See also


- Arbuckle
- Williams

External links

Category:Cities in California Category:Colusa County, California

Major League Baseball

Major League Baseball (MLB) is the highest level of play in professional baseball in the world. More specifically, Major League Baseball ("MLB") refers to the entity that operates North America's two top leagues, the National League and the American League, by means of a joint organizational structure which has existed between them since 1920. On an organizational level, MLB effectively operates as a single "league", and as such it constitutes one of the major professional sports leagues of North America. Major League Baseball is governed by the Major League Baseball Constitution, an agreement that has undergone several incarnations since 1876 then called the NL Constitution, with the most recent revisions being made in 2005. Major League Baseball, under the direction of its Commissioner, Bud Selig, hires and maintains the sport's umpiring crews, and negotiates marketing, labor, and television contracts. As is the case for most North American sports leagues, the 'closed shop' aspect of MLB effectively prevents the yearly promotion and demotion of teams into the Major League by virtue of their performance. MLB also maintains a unique, controlling relationship over the sport, including most aspects of minor league baseball. This is due in large part to a 1922 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Federal Baseball Club v. National League which declared baseball is not considered interstate commerce (and therefore not subject to federal antitrust law), despite baseball's own references to itself as an "industry" rather than a "sport." The production/multimedia wing of MLB is New York-based MLB Advanced Media, which oversees MLB.com and all 30 of the individual teams' websites. Its charter states that MLB Advanced Media holds editorial independence from the League itself, but it is indeed under the same ownership group and revenue-sharing plan. MLB Productions is a similarly-structured wing of the league, focusing on video and traditional broadcast media.

Current Major Leagues

The Major League season runs from late March or early April to late September or early October. Players and teams prepare for the season in spring training, primarily in Florida and Arizona, during February and March. Three rounds of playoffs follow the season, culminating in the World Series in late October.

Teams and schedule

At the time of writing the Commissioner of Baseball, Bud Selig, has often floated the idea of international expansion and realignment of the major leagues. At the moment, however, the major leagues are each split into three divisions, and structured as listed in the table below. In all there are 30 teams in the two leagues: 16 in the older National League ("NL") and 14 in the American League ("AL"). Each has its teams split into three divisions grouped generally by geography. They are (number of teams in each division in parenthesis): NL East (5), NL Central (6), NL West (5), AL East (5), AL Central (5) and AL West (4). Each team's regular season consists of 162 games, a duration established in 1961. From 1904 to 1960, except for 1919, a 154-game schedule was played. Shortened seasons were played in 1918 due to the outbreak of World War I, and in 1972, 1981, 1994 and 1995 due to player strikes and lockouts. Games are played predominantly against teams within each league through an unbalanced schedule which heavily favors intra-divisional play. In 1997 Major League Baseball introduced interleague play, which was criticized by the sport's purists but has since proven very popular with most fans. Each year in June, Major League Baseball conducts a draft for first year players who have never signed a Major or Minor League contract. The MLB Draft is among the least followed of the professional sports drafts in the United States. For a detailed history of the length of the regular season, see Major League Baseball season.

All-Star game

Early July marks the midway point of the season, during which a three day break is taken when the Major League Baseball All-Star Game is staged. The All-Star game pits players from the NL, headed up by the manager of the previous NL World Series team, against players from the AL, similarly managed, in an exhibition game. The 2002 contest ended in an 11-inning tie because both teams were out of pitchers, a ridiculous result which proved highly unpopular with the fans. In 2003 and 2004, the league which won the game received the benefit of home-field advantage (four of the seven games of that year's World Series taking place at their home park). The 2005 contest, played in Detroit, followed this format, and it is expected that it will remain that way until the MLB says otherwise. Since the 1970s, the eight position players for each team who take the field initially have been voted into the game by fans. The remaining position players and all of the pitchers on each league's roster were, for a long number of years, solely at the discretion of that team's manager. In 2004, however, MLB instituted a system where some reserves and pitchers were selected by a vote of MLB players, and some were selected by the manager after consulting with the Commissioner's Office. By MLB regulation, every team in the majors must have at least one designated all-star player, regardless of voting. This rule exists so that fans of every team have a player to watch for in the All Star Game.

Post-season

When the regular season ends around October 1st, eight teams enter the post-season playoffs. The first six teams are each league's three division champions. The remaining two "wild-card" spots are filled by each league's team that has the best regular season record and is not a division champion. Three rounds of series of games are played to determine the champion: # American League Division Series and National League Division Series, each a best-of-five game series; # American League Championship Series and National League Championship Series, each a best-of-seven game series played between the surviving teams from the ALDS and NLDS; and # World Series, a best-of-seven game series played between the champions of each league. The team belonging to the league that won the mid-season All-Star game receives home-field advantage in that series.

MLB Steroid Policy

Over most of the course of Major League Baseball, steroid testing was never a major issue. However, after the BALCO steroid scandal, which involved allegations that top baseball players had used illegal performance enhancing drugs, Major League Baseball has finally decided to issue harsher penalties for steroid users. The new policy, which was accepted by Major League Baseball players and owners, was issued at the start of the 2005 season and goes as follows: The 1st positive test will result in a suspension of up to 10 days. The 2nd positive test will result in a suspension of 30 days. The 3rd positive test will result in a suspension of 60 days. The 4th positive test will result in a suspension of one full year. Finally, the 5th positive test will result in a penalty at the commissioner’s discretion. Players will be tested at least once per year, with the chance that several players can be tested a numerous amount of times per year. (See: List of Major League Baseball players suspended for steroids) This program would replaces the previous steroid testing program under which, for example, no player was even suspended in 2004. Under the old policy, which was established in 2002, a first time offense would only result in treatment for the player. The new agreement makes sure that first time offenders are rightfully suspended. In recent news, Bud Selig, the Commissioner of MLB, has proposed even tougher penalties for positive tests than the ones in place today. The new penalties that Bud Selig has proposed are a “three strikes and you’re out approach” and go as follows: The 1st positive test would result in a 50 game suspension. The 2nd positive test would result in a 100 game suspension. Finally, the 3rd positive test would result in a lifetime suspension from MLB. These new proposed penalties are much harsher, however they must be accepted by MLB players and owners before any changes can be made. MLB's reluctance to take a hard line on drugs (as many other sports feature far more strict testing and penalties) is widely seen as one of the main reasons why baseball has been dropped from the Olympics with effect from 2012.

References


- http://www.wnbc.com/mikedup/4077510/detail.html

Historical Major Leagues

In 1969, the centennial of professional baseball, a commission chartered by Major League Baseball identified the following leagues as "major leagues". The list is sometimes disputed by baseball researchers. The MLB list included the following:
-