Home About us Products Services Contact us Bookmark
:: wikimiki.org ::
John Clellon Holmes

John Clellon Holmes

John Clellon Holmes (March 12th, 1926 - March 2nd, 1988) is best known for his 1952 book Go, which described characters such as Jack Kerouac, Neal Cassady, and Allen Ginsberg and is considered the first "Beat" novel. Holmes came to the conclusion that the values and ambitions of the Beat Generation were symbolic of something bigger, which was the inspiration for "Go." He was often referred to as the "quiet Beat," and was one of Kerouac's closest friends. He also wrote what is considered the definitive jazz novel of the Beat Generation, "The Horn." The origin of the term "beat" being applied to a generation was conceived by Jack Kerouac who told Holmes "You know, this is really a beat generation". The term beat later became part of comman parlance when Clellon Holmes published an article in The New York Times Magazine entitled "This is the Beat Generation" on Novermber 16, 1952 (pg.10). In the article Holmes attributes the term to Jack Kerouac. Kerouac in turn had gotten the idea from Herbert Huncke. Later in life, Holmes taught at the University of Arkansas and lectured at Yale and gave workshops at Brown University. Holmes, John Clellon Holmes, John Clellon

March 12th

March 12 is the 71st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (72nd in Leap years). There are 294 days remaining.

Events


- 515 BC - Construction is completed on the Temple in Jerusalem.
- 1664 - New Jersey becomes a colony of Britain.
- 1803 - Port Gibson, MS is chartered
- 1868 - Henry James O'Farrell attempts to assassinate Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh
- 1894 - Coca-Cola is sold in bottles for the first time
- 1912 - The Girl Guides (later renamed the Girl Scouts in the US) are founded in the US.
- 1913 - Canberra becomes the capital of Australia.
- 1928 - In California, the St. Francis Dam fails, killing 400 people.
- 1930 - Mahatma Gandhi leads a 200-mile march known as Dandi March to the sea in defiance of British opposition, to protest the British monopoly on salt.
- 1933 - Great Depression: Franklin Delano Roosevelt addresses the nation for the first time as President of the United States. This was also the first of his "Fireside Chats."
- 1938 - Anschluss: German troops occupy Austria; annexation declared the following day.
- 1940 - Winter War: Finland signs a harsh peace treaty with the Soviet Union, ceding almost all of Finnish Karelia. Finnish troops and remaining population are immediately evacuated.
- 1947 - The Truman Doctrine is proclaimed to help stem the spread of Communism.
- 1951 - The Dennis the Menace comic strip appears in newspapers across the USA for the first time.
- 1956 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 500 for the first time (500.24)
- 1958 - In Hilversum, Netherlands, André Claveau wins the third Eurovision Song Contest for France singing "Dors, mon amour" (Sleep, my love).
- 1960 - A fire at a chemical plant in Pusan, Korea kills 68.
- 1967 - Suharto takes over from Sukarno to become President of Indonesia.
- 1968 - Mauritius achieves independence.
- 1987 - Les Misérables opens on Broadway.
- 1992 - Mauritius becomes a republic while remaining a member of the British Commonwealth.
- 1992 - 13 are killed and several injured when a tram-car crashes into a crowd of people at the tram-station at Vasaplatsen in Gothenburg, Sweden.
- 1993 - Several bombs explode in Bombay (Mumbai), India, killing about 300 and injuring hundreds more.
- 1993 - North Korea nuclear weapons program: North Korea says that it plans to withdraw from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and refuses to allow inspectors access to nuclear sites.
- 1994 - A photo by Marmaduke Wetherell, previously touted as 'proof' of the Loch Ness monster, is confirmed to be a hoax.
- 1994 - The Church of England ordains its first female priests.
- 1997 - Mikail Markhasev is arrested in Los Angeles, California and charged with shooting Bill Cosby's 27-year-old son, Ennis Cosby.
- 1999 - Former Warsaw Pact members the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland join NATO.
- 2002 - In Texas, Andrea Yates is found guilty of drowning her five children on June 20, 2001. She is later sentenced to life in prison.
- 2003 - Zoran Đinđić, Prime Minister of Serbia, assassinated in Belgrade.
- 2004 - Roh Moo-hyun, President of South Korea is impeached by its national assembly for the first time in the nation's history.
- 2005 - Tung Chee Hwa, the first Chief Executive of Hong Kong, steps down from his post after his resignation is approved by the Chinese central government.

Births


- 1270 - Charles of Valois, son of Philip III of France (d. 1325)
- 1386 - Ashikaga Yoshimochi, Japanese shogun (d. 1428)
- 1478 - Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici, ruler of Florence (d. 1516)
- 1607 - Paul Gerhardt, German hymnist (d. 1676)
- 1613 - André Le Nôtre, French landscape architect (d. 1700)
- 1620 - Johann Heinrich Hottinger, Swiss philologist and theologian (d. 1667)
- 1626 - John Aubrey, English antiquary and writer (d. 1697)
- 1637 - Anne Hyde, wife of James II of England (d. 1671)
- 1647 - Victor-Maurice, comte de Broglie, French general (d. 1727)
- 1685 - George Berkeley, Irish theologian (d. 1753)
- 1718 - Joseph Damer, English politician (d. 1798)
- 1806 - Jane Pierce, First Lady of the United States (d. 1863)
- 1831 - Clement Studebaker, American automobile pioneer (d. 1901)
- 1824 - Gustav Kirchhoff, German physicist (d. 1887)
- 1863 - Gabriele D'Annunzio, Italian writer, war hero, and politician (d. 1938)
- 1863 - Vladimir Vernadsky, Russian mineralogist (d. 1945)
- 1888 - Vaslav Nijinsky, Polish-born ballet dancer (d. 1950)
- 1895 - William C. Lee, U.S. Army general (d. 1948)
- 1896 - Sir John Abbott, third Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1893)
- 1908 - Rita Angus, New Zealand painter (d. 1970)
- 1912 - Irving Layton, Canadian poet
- 1918 - Elaine de Kooning, American artist (d. 1989)
- 1921 - Gianni Agnelli, Italian auto executive (d. 2003)
- 1921 - Gordon MacRae, American singer and actor (d. 1986)
- 1922 - Jack Kerouac, American writer (d. 1969)
- 1922 - Lane Kirkland, American labor leader (d. 1999)
- 1923 - Hjalmar Andersen, Norwegian speed skater
- 1923 - Wally Schirra, astronaut
- 1923 - Norbert Brainin, Austrian violinist (d. 2005)
- 1925 - Leo Esaki, Japanese physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1925 - Harry Harrison, American author
- 1928 - Edward Albee, American dramatist
- 1932 - Barbara Feldon, American actress
- 1932 - Andrew Young, American civil rights activist, politician, and ambassador to the United Nations
- 1940 - Al Jarreau, American singer
- 1941 - Barbara Feldon, American actress and model
- 1942 - Ratko Mladić, Republika Srpska leader
- 1945 - Sammy "The Bull" Gravano, American gangster
- 1946 - Liza Minnelli, American singer and actress
- 1947 - Kalervo Palsa, Finnish artist (d. 1987)
- 1948 - James Taylor, American musician
- 1953 - Carl Hiaasen, American journalist and author
- 1953 - Ron Jeremy, American actor
- 1957 - Steve Harris, English musician (Iron Maiden)
- 1957 - Marlon Jackson, American singer (The Jackson 5)
- 1962 - Darryl Strawberry, baseball player
- 1963 - Joaquim Cruz, Brazilian runner
- 1965 - Steve Finley, baseball player
- 1968 - Aaron Eckhart, American Actor (Erin Brockavich)
- 1969 - Graham Coxon, English musician
- 1970 - Roy Khan, Norwegian singer (Kamelot)
- 1976 - Simon Young, music journalist
- 1985 - Bradley Wright-Phillips, English footballer
- 1986 - Danny Jones, British singer (McFly)

Deaths


- 604 - Pope Gregory I
- 1289 - King Demetre II of Georgia (b. 1259)
- 1374 - Emperor Go-Kogon of Japan (b. 1336)
- 1447 - Shah Rukh, ruler of Persia and Transoxonia (b. 1377)
- 1507 - Cesare Borgia, Italian general and statesman (b. 1475)
- 1608 - Koriki Kiyonaga, Japanese warlord (b. 1530)
- 1628 - John Bull, English composer
- 1648 - Tirso de Molina, Spanish writer
- 1681 - Frans van Mieris, Sr., Dutch painter (b. 1635)
- 1699 - Peder Griffenfeld, Danish statesman (b. 1635)
- 1790 - Andreas Hadik, Austro-Hungarian general (b. 1710)
- 1872 - Zeng Guofan, Chinese politician and general (b. 1811)
- 1889 - Emperor Yohannes IV of Ethiopia
- 1898 - Zacharias Topelius, Finnish-Swedish writer (b. 1818)
- 1925 - Sun Yat Sen, Chinese revolutionary, politician (b. 1866)
- 1937 - Charles-Marie Widor, French organist and composer (b. 1844)
- 1943 - Gustav Vigeland, Norwegian sculptor (b. 1869)
- 1944 - Artur Gavazzi, Croatian geographer (b. 1861)
- 1945 - Anne Frank, German-born diarist (b. 1929)
- 1947 - Winston Churchill, American novelist (b. 1871)
- 1955 - Charlie Parker, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1920)
- 1978 - John Cazale, American actor (b. 1935)
- 1979 - Pete Doherty, Musician- the libertines and babyshambles
- 1984 - Arnold Ridley, British playwright and actor (b. 1896)
- 1985 - Eugene Ormandy, Hungarian conductor (b. 1899)
- 1987 - Woody Hayes, American football coach (b. 1913)
- 1989 - Maurice Evans, British actor (b. 1901)
- 1990 - Wallace Breem, British author (b. 1926)
- 1991 - Ragnar Granit, Finnish neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1900)
- 1995 - Juanin Clay, American actress (b. 1949)
- 1998 - Beatrice Wood, American artist and ceramist (b. 1893)
- 1999 - Sir Yehudi Menuhin, American-born violinist (b. 1916)
- 2001 - Morton Downey, Jr., American television talk show host (b. 1933)
- 2001 - Robert Ludlum, author (b. 1927)
- 2002 - Spyros Kyprianou, Cypriot politician (b. 1932)
- 2003 - Zoran Đinđić, Prime Minister of Serbia (b. 1952)
- 2003 - Howard Fast, American author (b. 1914)
- 2003 - Lynne Thigpen, American actress (b. 1948)
- 2005 - Bill Cameron, Canadian journalist (b. 1943)

Holidays and observances


- Roman Catholic Church - Feast day of St Theophanes
- Mauritius - National Day
- Sweden - Namesday of Crown Princess Victoria, an Official Flag Day
- Flag Day in Venezuela
- Ancient Latvia - Gregoru Diena observed  

Fiction


- In Stephen King's Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption, the character Andy Dufresne escapes from Shawshank Prison on March 12, 1975.

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/12 BBC: On This Day]
- [http://www.tnl.net/when/3/12 Today in History: March 12] ---- March 11 - March 13 - February 12 - April 12 -- listing of all days ko:3월 12일 ja:3月12日 simple:March 12 th:12 มีนาคม

1926

1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar).

Events

January-April


- January 1 - Ireland's first regular radio service, 2RN (later Radio Éireann), begins broadcasting.
- January 1, Turkey switches to the Gregorian calendar after reforms set by Kamal Ataturk
- January 8 - Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud is crowned King of Hejaz
- January 12 - Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll premiere their radio program Sam 'n' Henry, in which the two white performers portrayed two black characters from Harlem looking for extra money during the Depression. It was a precursor to Gosden and Correll's more popular later program, Amos 'n' Andy.
- January 16 – BBC radio play about worker's revolution causes a panic in London
- January 26 - John Logie Baird demonstrates a mechanical television system.
- January 31 - British and Belgian troops leave Cologne
- February 9 - Flooding on London suburbs
- February 12 - Irish minister for Justice, Kevin O'Higgins, appoints the Committee on Evil Literature
- March 6 - The Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon is destroyed by fire
- March 16 - Robert Goddard launches the first liquid-fueled rocket, at Auburn, Massachusetts
- April 7 - Failed assassination attempt against Mussolini
- April 12 - By a vote of 45 to 41, the United States Senate unseats Iowa Senator Smith W. Brookhart and seats Daniel F. Steck, after Brookhart had already served for over one year.
- April 16 - Train crash in San Jose, Costa Rica - 178 dead
- April 21 - Princess Elizabeth born in London
- April 25 - Reza Khan is crowned Shah of Iran under the name "Pahlevi."

May-July


- May 1 - Coal miner's strike begins in Britain
- May 3 - General strike begins in support of the coal strike
- May 9 - Martial law in Britain because of the general strike
- May 9 - French navy bombards Damascus because of Druze riots
- May 9 - Admiral Richard E. Byrd and Floyd Bennett claim to have flown over the North Pole (later discovery of his diary seems to indicate that this did not happen).
- May 10 - Talks between government and strikers begins in UK
- May 12 - March 15 - Military coup by Jozef Pilsudski succeeds in Poland
- May 12 - UK general strike called off
- May 12 - Roald Amundsen flies over north pole
- May 12 - UK General Strike 1926: In the United Kingdom, a general strike by trade unions ends (the strike began on May 3).
- May 18 - Evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson disappears while visiting a Venice, California beach.
- May 26 - Rifkabyl rebels surrender in Morocco
- May 28 - 1926 coup d'état commanded by Manuel Gomes da Costa in Portugal that installed the Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship) that would be followed be António de Oliveira Salazar's Estado Novo.
- June 4 - Ignacy Moscicki becomes president of Poland
- June 29 - Arthur Meighen returns to office as Prime Minister of Canada.
- July 1 - Kuomingtang begins a campaign in the northern China for unification
- July 9 - New military coup in Portugal, now by general Antonio Carmona
- July 12 - Lightning strike destroys an ammunition depot in Dover, New Jersey
- July 15 - BEST buses make its début in Mumbai.
- July 23 - Fox Film buys the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.

August-October


- August 1 - Failed assassination attempt against Miguel Primo de Rivera in Barcelona
- August 6 - Gertrude Ederle becomes the first woman to swim the English Channel from France to England
- August 6 - In New York, the Warner Brothers' Vitaphone system premieres with the movie Don Juan starring John Barrymore.
- August 18 - British miner's union begins negotiations with the government
- August 18 - A weather map is televised for the first time, sent from NAA Arlington to the Weather Bureau Office in Washington, D.C.
- August 22 - In Greece, Georgios Konfylis ousts Theodoros Pangalos
- August 25 - Pavlos Kountouriotis announces that dictatorship is finished in Greece and becomes a president
- September 11 - Spain leaves the League of Nations
- September 11 - Aloha Tower is officially dedicated at Honolulu Harbor in the Territory of Hawai'i
- September 18 - Great Miami Hurricane: A strong hurricane devastates Miami, Florida, leaving over 100 dead and caused several hundred million dollars in damage; equal to nearly $100 billion dollars today.
- September 20 - Twelve cars full of gangsters open fire at the Hawthorne Inn, headquarters of Al Capone in Chicago. Only one of Capone's men is wounded
- September 25 - William Lyon Mackenzie King returns to office as Prime Minister of Canada.
- October 2 - Jozef Pilsudski becomes prime minister of Poland
- October 12 - British miners agree to end their strike
- October 20 - Hurricane kills 650 in Cuba
- October 23 - Decree in Italy bans women from holding public office
- October 31 - Magician Harry Houdini dies of gangrene and peritonitis that developed after his appendix ruptured.

November-December


- November 10 - In San Francisco, California, a necrophiliac serial killer named Earle Nelson (dubbed "Gorilla Man") kills and then rapes his 9th victim, a boardinghouse landlady named Mrs. William Edmonds.
- November 10 - Michinomiya Hirohito is crowned the 124th Emperor of Japan
- November 15 - The NBC radio network opens with 24 stations (it was formed by Westinghouse, General Electric and RCA).
- November 24 - The village of Rocquebillier in French Riviera is almost destroyed in a massive hail
- November 25 - Death penalty re-established in Italy
- November 27 - Vesuvius erupts
- November 27 - In Williamsburg, Virginia, the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg begins.
- December 2 - British prime minister Stanley Baldwin ends the martial law that had been declared due to general strike
- December 3 - Agatha Christie disappears from her home in Surrey; on December 14 she is found in Harrogate hotel
- December 18 - Turkey converted to Gregorian calendar making 'tomorrow' January 1 1927
- December 25 - In Japanese History, end of the Taishō period and beginning of the Shōwa era and the period of Japanese expansionism

Unknown dates


- League of Nations Slavery Convention abolishes all types of slavery.
- Afghanistan declares monarchy.
- Lebanon becomes a republic.
- Eamon de Valera organizes Fianna Fáil.
- The short-lived Western Australian Secession League is founded.
- International African Institute is founded.
- Raymond Pearl publishes landmark book, Alcohol and Longevity.

Births

January


- January 3 - George Martin, English producer of The Beatles
- January 8 - Evelyn Lear, American soprano
- January 8 - Hanae Mori, Japanese fashion designer
- January 8 - Soupy Sales, American comedian
- January 11 - Lev Demin, cosmonaut (d. 1998)
- January 12 - Ray Price, American singer
- January 14 - Maria Schell, Austrian actress (d. 2005)
- January 14 - Tom Tryon, American actor and novelist (d. 1991)
- January 17 - Moira Shearer, Scottish actress and dancer
- January 19 - Fritz Weaver, American actor
- January 20 - Patricia Neal, American actress
- January 20 - David Tudor, American pianist and composer (d. 1996)
- January 21 - Steve Reeves, American actor (d. 2000)
- January 27 - Fritz Spiegl, Austrian journalist (d. 2003)
- January 29 - Abdus Salam, Pakistani physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)

February


- February 2 - Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, President of France
- February 6 - Haskell Wexler, American cinematographer
- February 7 - Konstantin Feoktistov, cosmonaut
- February 8 - Neal Cassady, American writer (d. 1968)
- February 8 - Audrey Meadows, American actress (d. 1996)
- February 11 - Paul Bocuse, French chef
- February 11 - Alexander Gibson, British conductor and founder of the Scottish Opera
- February 11 - Leslie Nielsen, Canadian actor
- February 12 - Paul Kurtz, American philosopher
- February 16 - John Schlesinger, British film director (d. 2003)
- February 20 - Richard Matheson, American author
- February 20 - Bob Richards, American track and field athlete
- February 22 - Kenneth Williams, English actor (d. 1988)
- February 27 - David H. Hubel, Canadian neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- February 28 - Svetlana Alliluyeva, Russian author

March


- March 1 - Pete Rozelle, American commissioner of the National Football League (d. 1996)
- March 2 - Murray Rothbard, American economist (d. 1995)
- March 3 - James Merrill, American poet (d. 1995)
- March 6 - Alan Greenspan, American economist and Chairman of the Federal Reserve
- March 6 - Andrzej Wajda, Polish film director
- March 8 - Sultan Salahuddin (d. 2001)
- March 13 - Carlos Roberto Reina, President of Honduras (d. 2003)
- March 15 - Norm Van Brocklin, American football player (d. 1983)
- March 16 - Jerry Lewis, American comedian
- March 16 - Charles Goodell, American politician (d. 1987)
- March 17 - Siegfried Lenz, German writer
- March 18 - Peter Graves, American actor
- March 24 - Dario Fo, Italian author, Nobel Prize laureate
- March 26 - László Papp, Hungarian boxer (d. 2003)
- March 30 - Ingvar Kamprad, Swedish businessman
- March 31 - John Fowles, English writer (d. 2005)

April


- April 1 - Charles Bressler, American tenor
- April 1 - Anne McCaffrey, American author
- April 2 - Jack Brabham, Australian race car driver
- April 3 - Gus Grissom, astronaut (d. 1967)
- April 6 - Sergio Franchi, Italian tenor and actor (d. 1990)
- April 6 - Gil Kane, Latvian-born cartoonist (d. 2000)
- April 6 - Ian Paisley, British politician
- April 7 - Dame Joan Sutherland, Australian soprano
- April 9 - Hugh Hefner, American magazine editor
- April 17 - Gerry McNeil, Canadian hockey player (d. 2004)
- April 21 - Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
- April 22 - James Stirling, Scottish architect (d. 1992)
- April 24 - Thorbjörn Fälldin, Prime Minister of Sweden
- April 26 - Michael Mathias Prechtl, German illustrator (d. 2003)
- April 30 - Cloris Leachman, American actress

May


- May 5 - Ann B. Davis, American actress
- May 8 - Don Rickles, American comedian and actor
- May 15 - Peter Shaffer, English playwright
- May 26 - Miles Davis, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1991)

June


- June 1 - Andy Griffith, American actor
- June 1 - Marilyn Monroe, American actress (d. 1962)
- June 3 - Allen Ginsberg, American poet (d. 1997)
- June 6 - Klaus Tennstedt, German conductor (d. 1998)
- June 11 - Frank Plicka, Czech-born photographer
- June 21 - Conrad Hall, Tahitian-born cinematographer (d. 2003)
- June 25 - Ingeborg Bachmann, Austrian writer (d. 1973)
- June 28 - Mel Brooks, American entertainer
- June 30 - Paul Berg, American chemist, Noble Prize laureate

July


- July 1 - Robert Fogel, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- July 1 - Hans Werner Henze, German composer
- July 4 - Alfredo Di Stefano, Argentine-born footballer
- July 8 - Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, Swiss-born psychiatrist (d. 2004)
- July 9 - Ben Roy Mottelson, American-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- July 15 - Leopoldo Galtieri, Argentine dictator (d. 2003)
- July 16 - Stanley Clements, American actor (d. 1981)
- July 16 - Irwin Rose, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- July 28 - Walt Brown, American Presidential candidate

August


- August 3 - Tony Bennett, American singer
- August 3 - Anthony Sampson, British journalist and biographer (d. 2004)
- August 11 - Aaron Klug, Lithuanian-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- August 14 - René Goscinny, French comic book writer (d. 1977)
- August 19 - Arthur Rock, American venture capitalist

September


- September 7 - Don Messick, American voice actor (d. 1997)
- September 15 - Jean-Pierre Serre, French mathematician
- September 16- John Knowles, American author (d. 2001)
- September 21 - Donald A. Glaser, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- September 21 - Noor Jehan, Pakistani and Indian actress (she could have been born in 1929)
- September 23 - John Coltrane, American jazz saxophonist (d. 1967)
- September 26 - Masatoshi Koshiba, Japanese physicist, Nobel Prize laureate

October


- October 15 - Michel Foucault, French philosopher (d. 1984)
- October 15 - Karl Richter, German conductor (d. 1981)
- October 18 - Chuck Berry, American musician
- October 25 - Galina Vishnevskaya, Russian soprano
- October 29 - Jon Vickers, Canadian tenor

November


- November 2 - Tsung-Dao Lee, Chinese physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- November 3 - Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania
- November 20 - Andrzej W. Schally, Polish-born endocrinologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- November 23 - Sri Satya Sai Baba, Indian guru
- November 23 - R.L. Burnside, American musician
- November 25 - Poul Anderson, American author (d. 2001)

December


- December 9 - Henry Way Kendall, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
- December 13 - George Rhoden, Jamaican athlete
- December 16 - James McCracken, American tenor (d. 1988)
- December 17 - Allan V. Cox, American geologist (d. 1987)
- December 20 - Sir Geoffrey Howe, British politician
- December 21 - Joe Paterno, American football coach
- December 23 - Robert Bly, American poet

Deaths


- January 21 - Camillo Golgi, Italian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1843)
- February 21 - Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1853)
- March 5 - Clément Ader, French engineer and inventor, airplane pioneer (b. 1841)
- April 30 - Bessie Coleman, American pilot (b. 1892)
- May 16 - Mehmed VI, last Ottoman Sultan (b. 1861)
- May 26 - Simon Petlyura, Ukrainian independence fighter (b. 1879)
- June 10 - Antoni Gaudí, Catalan architect (b. 1852)
- June 14 - Mary Cassatt, American artist (b. 1844)
- July 12 - Gertrude Bell, English archaeologist, writer, spy, and administrator known as the "Uncrowned Queen of Iraq" (b. 1868)
- July 26 - Robert Todd Lincoln, American statesman and businessman (b. 1843)
- August 22 - Charles W. Eliot, President of Harvard University (b. 1834)
- August 23 - Rodolfo Valentino, Italian actor (b. 1895)
- September 15 - Rudolf Christoph Eucken, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1846)
- September 21 - Leon Charles Thevenin, French telegraph engineer (b. 1857)
- October 20 - Eugene V. Debs, American labor and political leader (b. 1855)
- October 31 - Harry Houdini, Hungarian-born magician (b. 1874)
- October 31 - Charles Vance Millar, Canadian businessman (b. 1853)
- December 4 - Ivana Kobilca, Slovenian painter (b. 1861)
- December 5 - Claude Monet, French painter (b. 1840)
- December 25 - Emperor Taisho, 123rd Emperor of Japan (b. 1879)
- December 29 - Rainer Maria Rilke, Austrian poet (b. 1875)

Nobel Prizes


- Physics - Jean Baptiste Perrin
- Chemistry - Theodor Svedberg
- Physiology or Medicine - Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger
- Literature - Grazia Deledda
- Peace - Aristide Briand, Gustav Stresemann
- ko:1926년 ms:1926 ja:1926年 simple:1926 th:พ.ศ. 2469

March 2nd

March 2 is the 61st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (62nd in leap years). There are 304 days remaining.

Events


- 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks.
- 1717 - The Loves of Mars and Venus becomes the first ballet performed in England.
- 1791 - Long-distance communication speeds up with the unveiling of a semaphore machine in Paris.
- 1807 - The U.S. Congress passes an act to "prohibit the importation of slaves into any port or place within the jurisdiction of the United States ... from any foreign kingdom, place, or country."
- 1836 - Texas Revolution: Declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico.
- 1855 - Alexander II becomes Tsar of Russia.
- 1861 - Nevada Territory and Dakota Territory are organized as political divisions of the United States.
- 1861 - Emancipation reform of 1861 in Russia: Tsar Alexander II signed the emancipation reform into law.
- 1877 - U.S. presidential election, 1876: The U.S. Congress declares Rutherford B. Hayes the winner of the election even though Samuel J. Tilden had won the popular vote on November 7, 1876 (Reconstruction ends).
- 1888 - The Convention of Constantinople is signed, guaranteeing free maritime passage through the Suez Canal during war and peace.
- 1899 - In Washington State, USA, Mount Rainier National Park is established.
- 1901 - The U.S. Congress passes the Platt amendment, limiting the autonomy of Cuba as a condition for the withdrawal of American troops.
- 1903 - In New York City the Martha Washington Hotel opens, becoming the first hotel exclusively for women.
- 1917 - The enactment of the Jones-Shafroth Act grants Puerto Ricans United States citizenship.
- 1917 - Nicholas II of Russia abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Michael.
- 1919 - The first Communist International meets in Moscow.
- 1933 - King Kong premieres in New York City.
- 1939 - Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli is elected Pope and takes the name Pius XII.
- 1943 - World War II: Battle of the Bismarck Sea - United States and Australian forces sink Japanese convoy ships.
- 1946 - Ho Chi Minh is elected the President of North Vietnam.
- 1949 - Captain James Gallagher lands his B-50 Superfortress Lucky Lady II in Fort Worth, Texas after completing the first non-stop around-the-world airplane flight in 94 hours and one minute.
- 1955 - King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia abdicates the throne in favor of his father, King Norodom Suramarit.
- 1956 - Morocco declares its independence from France.
- 1959 - Miles Davis holds the first recording session for Kind of Blue at Columbia 30th Street Studio in New York, NY.
- 1962 - In Hershey, Pennsylvania, Wilt Chamberlain of the Philadelphia 76ers scores 100 points against the New York Knicks, breaking several National Basketball Association records.
- 1962 - In Burma, the army led by General Ne Win seizes power in a coup.
- 1963 - Release of Please Please Me in the United Kingdom, the first LP from The Beatles.
- 1969 - In Toulouse, France the first test flight of the Concorde is conducted.
- 1969 - Soviet and Chinese forces clash at a border outpost on the Ussuri River.
- 1972 - The Pioneer 10 spaceprobe is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida with a mission to explore the outer planets.
- 1978 - Czech Vladimír Remek becomes the first non-Russian or non-American to go into space, when he is launched aboard Soyuz 28.
- 1985- TV anime series Mobile Suit Z Gundum broadcasts its first episode in Japan.
- 1987- Chrysler acquires American Motors
- 1989 - Twelve European Community nations agree to ban the production of all chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by the end of the century.
- 1990 - Nelson Mandela elected deputy President of the African National Congress.
- 1992 - Moldova joins the UN
- 1995 - Nick Leeson is arrested for his role in the collapse of Barings Bank.
- 1995 - Yahoo! is incorporated, establishing the Internet Portal as a model.
- 1998 - Data sent from the Galileo spaceprobe indicates that Jupiter's moon Europa has a liquid ocean under a thick crust of ice.
- 2002 - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins, ending on March 19) after killing 500 Taliban and al Qaeda fighters, with 11 allied troop fatalities.
- 2003 The first International Symposium on Taiwan Sign Language Linguistics is held at Chung Cheng University.
- 2004 - Voters in the U.S. state of Georgia vote on a referendum concerning its Confederacy-derived flag.
- 2004 - Disgruntled by the state's education act (Act 60), residents of Killington, Vermont vote to become part of New Hampshire.
- 2004 - War in Iraq: Al Qaeda carries out the Ashoura Massacre in Iraq, killing 170 and wounding over 500.
- 2004 - War in Iraq: A United Nations report from the weapons inspection teams states that Iraq had no weapons of mass destruction of any significance after 1994, despite President Bush's objection to the contrary before the invasion.

Births


- 1316 - King Robert II of Scotland, (d. 1390)
- 1409 - John II of Alençon, French soldier (d. 1476)
- 1459 - Pope Adrian VI (d. 1523)
- 1545 - Thomas Bodley, English diplomat and library founder (d. 1613)
- 1578 - George Sandys, English colonist and poet (d. 1644)
- 1705 - William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, Scottish judge and politician (d. 1793)
- 1770 - Louis Gabriel Suchet, French marshal (d. 1826)
- 1779 - Joel Roberts Poinsett, American statesman and botanist (d. 1851)
- 1793 - Sam Houston, President of the Republic of Texas (d. 1863)
- 1800 - Evgeny Baratynsky, Russian poet (d. 1844)
- 1810 - Pope Leo XIII, (d. 1903)
- 1820 - Multatuli, Dutch writer (d. 1887)
- 1824 - Bedrich Smetana, Czech composer (d. 1884)
- 1829 - Carl Schurz, German revolutionary and American statesman (d. 1906)
- 1849 - Robert Means Thompson, U.S. naval officer (d. 1930)
- 1859 - Sholom Aleichem, Russian Yiddish novelist (d. 1916)
- 1860 - Susanna M. Salter, Mayor of Argonia, Kansas (d. 1961)
- 1876 - Pope Pius XII, (d. 1958)
- 1900 - Kurt Weill, German composer (d. 1950)
- 1902 - Moe Berg, baseball player and spy (d. 1972)
- 1904 - Dr. Seuss, American author (d. 1991)
- 1908 - Walter Bruch, German engineer (d. 1990)
- 1909 - Mel Ott, baseball player (d. 1958)
- 1914 - Martin Ritt, American director (d. 1990)
- 1917 - Desi Arnaz, Cuban-born actor, bandleader, and musician (d. 1986)
- 1919 - Jennifer Jones, American actress
- 1923 - Robert H. Michel, American politician
- 1926 - Murray Rothbard, American economist (d. 1995)
- 1930 - John Cullum, American actor and singer
- 1931 - Mikhail Gorbachev, President of the Soviet Union, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- 1931 - Tom Wolfe, American author
- 1935 - Al Waxman, Canadian actor (d. 2001)
- 1937 - Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria
- 1940 - Tony Croatto, Italian-born singer and composer (d. 2005)
- 1942 - John Irving, American author
- 1942 - Lou Reed, American singer and guitarist
- 1943 - Peter Straub, American author
- 1944 - Uschi Glas, German actress
- 1948 - Rory Gallagher, Irish guitarist
- 1948 - Jeff Kennett, Australian politician
- 1949 - Eddie Money, New York police officer and singer
- 1949 - JPR Williams, Welsh rugby player
- 1949 - Gates McFadden, American actress
- 1950 - Karen Carpenter, American singer and drummer (d. 1983)
- 1952 - Mark Evanier, American writer
- 1952 - Laraine Newman, American actress and comedian
- 1955 - Shoko Asahara, Japanese religious leader
- 1956 - Mark Evans, Australian bassist (AC/DC)
- 1958 - Ian Woosnam, Welsh golfer
- 1962 - Morioka Hiroyuki, Japanese writer
- 1962 - Jon Bon Jovi, American singer, songwriter, and actor
- 1964 - Megan Leigh, American actress (d. 1990)
- 1973 - Trevor Sinclair, English footballer
- 1974 - Monika Niederstätter, Italian athlete
- 1977 - Chris Martin, British musician (Coldplay)
- 1977 - Heather McComb, American actress
- 1977 - Andrew Strauss, English cricketer
- 1979 - Damien Duff, Irish footballer
- 1981 - Bryce Dallas Howard, American actress
- 1982 - Kevin Kurányi, German footballer
- 1982 - Ben Roethlisberger, American football player
- 1982 - Corey Webster, American football player
- 1985 - Robert Iler, American actor
- 1985 - Reggie Bush, American football player

Deaths


- 855 - Lothar, King of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor (b. 795)
- 1316 - Marjorie Bruce, daughter of Robert I of Scotland (b. 1296)
- 1572 - Mem de Sá, Portuguese Governor-General of Brazil
- 1589 - Alessandro Cardinal Farnese, Italian cardinal (b. 1520)
- 1729 - Francesco Bianchini, Italian philosopher and scientist (b. 1662)
- 1730 - Pope Benedict XIII (b. 1649)
- 1755 - Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, French writer (b. 1675)
- 1758 - Pierre Guérin de Tencin, French cardinal (b. 1679)
- 1791 - John Wesley, English founder of Methodism (b. 1703)
- 1793 - Carl Gustaf Pilo, Swedish-born artist
- 1797 - Horace Walpole, English politican and writer (b. 1717)
- 1830 - Samuel Thomas von Sömmering, German physician (b. 1755)
- 1835 - Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1768)
- 1840 - Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers, German astronomer (b. 1758)
- 1865 - Carl Sylvius Völkner, German missionary to New Zealand
- 1880 - Sir John MacNeill, Irish civil engineer (b. 1790)
- 1895 - Berthe Morisot, French painter (b. 1841)
- 1921 - King Nicholas I of Montenegro (b. 1841)
- 1930 - D. H. Lawrence, English writer (b. 1885)
- 1938 - Ben Harney, American composer and pianist (b. 1871)
- 1939 - Howard Carter, British archaeologist (b. 1874)
- 1953 - Jim Lightbody, American runner (b. 1882)
- 1960 - Stanisław Taczak, Polish general, commander-in-chief of the Greater Poland Uprising (b.1874)
- 1975 - Josiah Mwangi Kariuki, Kenyan politician (b. 1929)
- 1982 - Philip K. Dick, American author (b. 1928)
- 1987 - Randolph Scott, American actor and director (b. 1898)
- 1991 - Serge Gainsbourg, French singer (b. 1928)
- 1992 - Sandy Dennis, American actress (b. 1937)
- 1999 - Dusty Springfield, English singer (b. 1939)
- 2001 - John Diamond, British journalist (b. 1953)
- 2003 - Hank Ballard, American musician (b. 1927)
- 2003 - Malcolm Williamson, Australian composer, (b. 1931)
- 2004 - Mercedes McCambridge, American actress (b. 1916)
- 2004 - Marge Schott, baseball team owner (b. 1928)
- 2005 - Rick Mahler, baseball player (b. 1953)

Holidays and observances


- Bahá'í Faith — Feast of 'Alá (Loftiness) - First day of the 19th month of the Bahá'í Calendar.
- Bahá'í Faith — Beginning of the Fast (sunrise to sunset fast for 19 days).
- Church of England — Saint Chad's Day.

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/2 BBC: On This Day]
- [http://www.imdb.com/OnThisDay?day=2&month=March IMDb (Internet Movie Database): On This Day]
- [http://www.tnl.net/when/3/2 Today in History: March 2] ----- March 1 - March 3 - February 2 - April 2 -- listing of all days ko:3월 2일 ms:2 Mac ja:3月2日 simple:March 2 th:2 มีนาคม

Go

__NOTOC__ Go (verb) is a commonly used verb Games:
- Go (board game), a Chinese board game
- Go (game show), a television game show of the early 1980s Companies and organizations:
- Go (TV channel), in South Africa
- GO.com, Walt Disney's internet portal
- GO Corporation, a pen-based computing company
- Go Fly, a British airline
- GO Transit, Ontario, Canada's provincial transit service Motion pictures, radio and music:
- Go!, an album by the rock band Letters To Cleo
- Go (1999 film), an American motion picture
- Go (2001 film), a Japanese motion picture
- Go (radio), a Canadian radio program
- Go (Sarah Bettens), a mini-album
- Go (Vertical Horizon album) People:
- Go Nagai, a Japanese comic artist
- Go Seigen, a go player
- "Go", a Japanese pseudonym; see art-name
- Go Mifune, the main protagonist in Speed Racer Symbols, codes and abbreviations:
- Glorioso Islands (FIPS country code)
- Gigaoctet, a unit of quantity of information ko:GO ja:GO simple:Go

Neal Cassady

Neal Cassady (February 8, 1926 – February 4, 1968) was an icon of the Beat Generation of the 1950s and the psychedelic movement of the 1960s, perhaps best known as the inspiration for the character of Dean Moriarty in Jack Kerouac's classic On the Road. Born in Salt Lake City and raised by an alcoholic father in Denver, Cassady spent much of his youth bouncing between skid-row hotels with his father and reform schools for car theft. In 1946 Cassady met Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg at Columbia University in New York and quickly became friends with them and the circle of artists and writers there. He had a sexual relationship with Ginsberg that lasted off and on for the next twenty years, and he later traveled cross-country with Kerouac. Cassady proved to be the catalyst for the Beat Movement, appearing as the hero Dean Moriarty and Cody Pomeray in many of Kerouac's novels; Ginsberg mentioned him as well, in his ground-breaking poem, Howl ("N.C., secret hero of these poems..."). Additionally, he is commonly credited for helping Kerouac break ties with his Thomas Wolfe -inspired sentimental style and discover his own unique voice through "spontaneous prose", a stream of consciousness approach to writing. In the late 1950's, Cassady settled down, married Carolyn Cassady, started a family and went to work for the railroad. While he kept in touch with his Beat counterparts, they drifted apart philosophically. In 1964, Cassady met up with Ken Kesey, becoming part of the Merry Pranksters and serving as the crazed driver of the bus named Furthur, which was soon after immortalized in Tom Wolfe's book, The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test. He later played a prominent role in the California psychedelic scene of the 1960s. Cassady makes an appearance in Hunter S. Thompson's book Hells Angels: The Strange and Terrible Saga of the Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs, in which he is described as "the worldly inspiration for the protagonist of two recent novels," drunkenly yelling at police at the famed Hells Angels parties at Ken Kesey's residence in La Honda, an event also chronicled in The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test. Although his name was removed at the insistence of Thompson's publisher, the description is clearly a reference to Cassady's appearances in Jack Kerouac's works, On the Road and Visions of Cody. After a party in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico in early February, 1968 Cassady went walking by a railroad track to reach the next town, but passed out in the cold and rainy night wearing nothing but a T-shirt and jeans. In the morning he was found in a coma by the track and brought to the closest hospital, where he died a few hours later. He was 41. Kesey retells the story of his death in a short story named The Day After Superman Died (in his collected short stories published as Demon Box) where Cassady is quoted with mumbling the number of nails (sixty-four thousand nine hundred and twenty-eight, 64928) in the rail he'd counted so far, as his last words before dying. Cassady never earned anything for his role in the Beat Movement, but his autobiography The First Third was published posthumously. The film "The Last Time I Committed Suicide" (1997) is based on the "[http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Workshop/5083/letter3.html Joan Anderson letter]" written by Cassady to Jack Kerouac.

External links


- [http://www.litkicks.com/Denver/index.html Neal's Denver] at Literary Kicks
- [http://www.litkicks.com/BeatPages/page.jsp?what=NealCassady Neal Cassady] at Literary Kicks
- [http://www.zipcon.com/~tkc Cassady Pages] at Art and Leisure
- [http://www.rotten.com/library/bio/authors/beats/neal-cassady/ Neal Cassady] at rotten.com
- [http://www.intrepidtrips.com/pranksters/neal/ Neal Cassady] at IntrepidTrips.com
- [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0119502/ "The Last Time I Committed Suicide"] at Internet Movie Database
- [http://neonalley.com/cassady.html Blue Neon Alley - Neal Cassady directory]
- [http://www.pbase.com/pzo/beat_tour Denver Beat Photo Tour, Cassady Haunts and Homes, More] Cassady, Neal Cassady, Neal Category:Beat Generation Category:Beat writers

Yale University

Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 as the Collegiate School, Yale is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States. Yale has graduated five U.S. Presidents, including William Howard Taft (B.A.), Gerald Ford (LL.B), George H.W. Bush (B.A.), Bill Clinton (J.D.), and George W. Bush (B.A.), and several Supreme Court justices, including current justice Clarence Thomas and current nominee Samuel Alito. The university's assets include a $15.2 billion endowment (the second-largest among academic institutions) and more than a dozen libraries that hold a total of 11 million volumes. Yale has 3,200 faculty members, who teach 5,200 undergraduate students and 6,000 graduate students. Nineteen Nobel laureates are affiliated with the university. Yale's 70 undergraduate majors are primarily focused on a liberal curriculum, and few of the undergraduate departments are pre-professional in nature (even the engineering departments encourage and require students to explore academic disciplines outside of engineering). Some 20 percent of Yale undergraduates major in the sciences, 35 percent in the social sciences, and 45 percent in the arts and humanities. All tenured professors teach undergraduate courses, and more than 75 percent of Yale's 2,000 undergraduate courses enroll fewer than 20 students. Yale uses a residential college housing system modeled after those at Oxford and Cambridge. Each of 12 residential colleges houses a representative cross-section of the undergraduate student body, and features numerous facilities, seminars, resident faculty, and support personnel. Yale's graduate programs include classics, sciences, drama, art, architecture, history, medicine, and law. In recent years, fewer than 10 percent of the nearly 20,000 applicants to the undergraduate college have been offered admission, and about three-quarters of those offered admission choose to attend. Yale Law School accepts about 6 percent of its nearly 4,000 applicants (making it the most selective law school in the United States), and more than 80 percent of those offered admission choose to attend. The rivalry between Yale and Harvard is long and storied, by far the oldest in the Ivy League; from academics to rowing to college football, their historic competition is similar to that of Oxford and Cambridge. During Yale's tercentennial celebration in 2001, Yale president Richard C. Levin summarized Yale's institutional goals: "As we look to the future, Yale remains committed to undergraduate education and a determination to educate leaders. Leaders of the twenty-first century will operate in a global environment. Therefore, Yale's curriculum is increasing its focus on international concerns and having strong international representation among our student population."

History

Yale traces its beginnings to "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School" passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut and dated October 9, 1701. Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers, all of whom were Harvard alumni, met in Branford, Connecticut, to pool their books to form the school's first library. [http://www.thecrimson.com/fmarchives/fm_03_11_1999/article5I.html]. The group is now known as The Founders. Originally called the Collegiate School of Connecticut, the institution opened in the home of its first rector, Abraham Pierson, in Killingworth, Connecticut. In 1716, the college moved to New Haven, Connecticut, where it remains to this day. In the meanwhile, a rift was forming at Harvard between its sixth president Increase Mather (Harvard A.B., 1656) and the rest of the Harvard clergy, which Mather viewed as increasingly liberal, ecclesiastically lax, and overly broad in Church polity. The relationship worsened after Mather resigned, and the administration repeatedly rejected his son and ideological colleague, Cotton Mather (Harvard A.B., 1678), for the p