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McGraw-Hill
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., is a publicly traded corporation headquartered in New York City. Its primary areas of business are education, publishing, broadcasting and financial and business services. It publishes numerous textbooks and magazines, including BusinessWeek and Aviation Week, and is the parent company of Standard & Poor's and J.D. Power and Associates.
Divisions
Education
- Early Childhood, Primary and Secondary
- Post Secondary and Higher Education
- McGraw-Hill Professional
- McGraw-Hill International
Financial Services
- Standard & Poor's
Information and Media Services
- Aviation Week
- Television Stations (all ABC affiliates)
- KMGH, Denver, Colorado
- KGTV, San Diego, California
- KERO, Bakersfield, California
- WRTV, Indianapolis, Indiana
- BusinessWeek
- Healthcare Information Group
- J.D. Power and Associates
- McGraw-Hill Construction
- Platts
External links
- [http://www.mcgraw-hill.com/ The McGraw-Hill Companies website]
- [http://www.platts.com/ Platts website]
Category:Companies based in New York City
Category:Companies traded on the New York Stock Exchange
Aviation Week
Aviation Week & Space Technology (often abbreviated as Aviation Week or AW&ST) is a weekly magazine which reports upon the state of the aerospace industry. It is renowned for striking a good balance on reporting between manufacturers and their clients (airlines, governments, etc.) When reporting on factual information, Aviation Week is generally considered to be accurate. The magazine also does a large amount of analysis, which is necessarily speculative. Aviation Week is not normally categorized as a "fan" magazine, and is often seen on the desks of enthusiasts, investment professionals, and aerospace industry professionals alike. The magazine annually publishes its Aviation Sourcebook, which catalogs aircraft fleet status of the major airlines, air forces/navies, and satellite operators. Jane's Defence Weekly is the major competitor for Aviation Week, although with a wider scope to include naval and land forces.
In the past the magazine had a reputation for its contacts inside the Pentagon. More often than not, new information on black projects, future prototypes and the like would be divulged to it unofficially, giving it the nickname "Aviation Leak."
Aviation Week is owned by McGraw-Hill.
External links
- [http://www.aviationnow.com/ Official site]
Category:Military magazines
J.D. Power and AssociatesJ.D. Power and Associates is a global marketing information services firm founded in 1968. It is best known for supervising car customer satisfaction tests, including, in the UK, the Top Gear survey. It is a business unit of the Information and Media Services Group of McGraw-Hill. Its headquarters is in Westlake Village, California.
Services
- Syndicated Research
- Proprietary Research
- Consulting
- Training
- Automotive Forecasting
Founder: J. David Power III.
President: Steve Goodall.
ISO 9001:2000
External links
- [http://www.jdpower.com J.D. Power official site]
Standard & Poor'sStandard & Poor's (S&P) is a subsidiary of McGraw-Hill that publishes financial research and analysis
on stocks and bonds. It is one of the top three players in this business, along with Moody's and Fitch Ratings.
It is well known for its US-based S&P 500 and the Australian S&P 200 stock market index.
Credit ratings
As a credit rating agency, Standard & Poor's issues credit ratings for the debt of companies. As such, it is designated a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
It issues both short-term and long-term credit ratings.
Long-Term Credit Ratings
Investment Grade
- AAA : the best quality companies, reliable and stable
- AA : quality companies, a bit higher risk than AAA
- A : economic situation can affect finance
- BBB : medium class companies, which are satisfactory at the moment
Non-Investment Grade (also known as junk bonds)
- BB : more prone to changes in the economy
- B : financial situation varies noticeably
- CCC : currently vulnerable and dependent on favorable economic conditions to meet its commitments
- CC : highly vulnerable, very speculative bonds
- C : highly vulnerable, perhaps in bankruptcy or in arrears but still continuing to pay out on obligations
- CI : past due on interest
- R : under regulatory supervision due to its financial situation
- SD : has selectively defaulted on some obligations
- D : has defaulted on obligations and S&P believes that it will generally default on most or all obligations
- NR : not rated
Publications
Standard & Poor's publishes a weekly (48 times a year) stock market analysis newsletter called The Outlook, which is issued both in print and online to subscribers.
See also
- Capital IQ: A division of Standard & Poor's
External links
- [http://www.standardandpoors.com Standard and Poor's website]
- [http://www2.standardandpoors.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=sp/Page/AboutUsMainPg&r=1&l=EN&b=8&s=1 History of Standard and Poor's ]
- [http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A5572-2004Nov22?language=printer Credit Raters Exert International Influence]
- [http://www.capitaliq.com Capital IQ: A division of Standard and Poor's]
Category:Credit rating agencies
Aviation Week & Space Technology
Aviation Week & Space Technology (often abbreviated as Aviation Week or AW&ST) is a weekly magazine which reports upon the state of the aerospace industry. It is renowned for striking a good balance on reporting between manufacturers and their clients (airlines, governments, etc.) When reporting on factual information, Aviation Week is generally considered to be accurate. The magazine also does a large amount of analysis, which is necessarily speculative. Aviation Week is not normally categorized as a "fan" magazine, and is often seen on the desks of enthusiasts, investment professionals, and aerospace industry professionals alike. The magazine annually publishes its Aviation Sourcebook, which catalogs aircraft fleet status of the major airlines, air forces/navies, and satellite operators. Jane's Defence Weekly is the major competitor for Aviation Week, although with a wider scope to include naval and land forces.
In the past the magazine had a reputation for its contacts inside the Pentagon. More often than not, new information on black projects, future prototypes and the like would be divulged to it unofficially, giving it the nickname "Aviation Leak."
Aviation Week is owned by McGraw-Hill.
External links
- [http://www.aviationnow.com/ Official site]
Category:Military magazines
American Broadcasting Company
The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is a television and radio network in the United States. Created in 1943 from the former NBC Blue network, ABC is owned by The Walt Disney Company. Corporate headquarters are in New York, while programming offices are in Burbank, California, adjacent to the Walt Disney Studios (Burbank) and the Walt Disney Company corporate headquarters.
The formal name of the holding company is ABC, Inc, although the company still uses on some on-air copyrights American Broadcasting Companies, Inc., which also was the holding company's name until 1985. It is the last of the Big Three networks to still make on-air use of ether its original name or a variant of it.
History
Creating ABC
From the organization of the first true radio networks in the late 1920s, broadcasting in the United States was dominated by two companies, CBS and RCA's NBC. Prior to NBC's 1926 formation, RCA had acquired AT&T's New York station WEAF (later WNBC, now WFAN). With WEAF came a loosely-organized system feeding programming to other stations in the northeastern U.S. RCA also took control of a second such group, fed by Westinghouse's Newark station WJZ (now WABC (AM), New York.) These were the foundations of RCA's two distinct programming services, the NBC "Red" and NBC "Blue" networks.
After years of study the FCC in 1940 issued a "Report on Chain Broadcasting." Finding that two corporate owners (and the co-operatively owned Mutual Broadcasting System) dominated American broadcasting, this report proposed "divorcement," requiring the sale by RCA of one of its chains. NBC Red was the larger radio network, carrying the leading entertainment and music programs. In addition, many Red affiliates were high-powered, clear-channel stations, heard nationwide. NBC Blue offered most of the company's news and cultural programs, many of them "sustaining" or un-sponsored. Among other findings, the FCC claimed RCA used NBC Blue to suppress competition against NBC Red. Since the F.C.C. did not regulate or license networks directly but had influence only by means of its hold over individual stations, it said, "No license shall be issued to a standard broadcast station affiliated with a network which maintains more than one network." NBC argued this indirect style of regulation was illegal and appealed to the courts, but the F.C.C. was upheld, so the Blue network had to be sold.
The task of selling of NBC Blue was given to Mark Woods; throughout 1942 and 1943, NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their assets. A price of $8 million was put on the assets of the Blue group, and Woods shopped the Blue package around to potential buyers. One such, investment bank Dillon, Read made an offer of $7.5 million, but Woods and RCA chief David Sarnoff held firm at $8 million. What the Blue package contained was: leases on land-lines and on studio facilities in New York, Washington, D.C., Chicago and Los Angeles; contracts with talent and with about sixty affiliates; the trademark and "good will" associated with the Blue name; and licenses for three stations (WJZ in New York, San Francisco's KGO, and WENR in Chicago - really a half-station, since WENR shared time and a frequency with "Prairie Farmer" station WLS.)
Edward Noble, owner of Life Savers candy and owner of the Rexall Drug chain, was interested. The asking price of $8 million would prove to be the selling price. In order to complete the station-license transfer, Noble had to sell a New York station he owned, and F.C.C. hearings were required. Another stumbling block was Noble's intention to keep Mark Woods on as president, which led to the suggestion that Woods would continue to work with (and for) his former employers. This had the potential to derail the sale. During the hearings Woods was asked if the new network would sell time to the AFofL; Woods responded "No". When Noble was questioned on similar points, Noble hid behind the NAB code to avoid answering. Frustrated, the chairman advised Noble to do some rethinking, which apparently he did, because on October 12, 1943 the sale was approved. The new network sold air time to organized labor.
Known until mid-1944 as "The Blue Network," the company was re-christened American Broadcasting Company. This set off a flurry of re-naming; to avoid confusion, CBS changed the call-letters of its New York flagship from WABC to WCBS; seeing a trend, RCA re-named its New York flagship as WNBC. In 1953, ABC's New York flagship WJZ took on the abandoned call-letters WABC.
The new ABC radio network began slowly; with few "hit" shows, it had to build an audience. Noble sprang for more stations, among them Detroit's WXYZ; one of the founding stations of the Mutual network, WXYZ was where The Lone Ranger, Sergeant Preston, Sky King and other popular daily serials originated. With this purchase, ABC instantly acquired a bloc of established daily shows. Noble also bought KECA (now KABC) in Los Angeles, to give the network a Hollywood production base. Counter-programming became an ABC specialty, for example, placing a raucous quiz-show like Stop the Music against more thoughtful fare on NBC and CBS. ABC also abolished a long-standing ban on pre-recorded programming; advances in tape-recording brought back from conquered Germany meant that the audio quality of tape could not be distinguished from "live" broadcasts. As a result, several high-rated stars who wanted freedom from rigid schedules, among them Bing Crosby, moved to ABC. Though still rated third, by the late 1940s ABC had begun to close in on the better-established networks.
Enter Leonard Goldenson
Faced with huge expenses in building a radio network, ABC was in no position to take on the additional costs demanded by a television network. To secure a place at the table, though, in 1947 ABC submitted requests for licenses in the five cities where it owned radio stations; by coincidence, all five applications were for "Channel 7." On April 19, 1948 the ABC television network went on the air.
For the next several years, ABC was a television network mostly in name. Except for the largest markets, most cities had only one or two stations. The FCC froze applications for new stations in 1948 while it sorted out the thousands of applicants, and re-thought the technical and allocation standards set down in 1938. What was meant to be a six-month freeze lasted until 1952, and until that time only 101 stations were licensed to broadcast. For a late-comer like ABC, this meant being relegated as a secondary affiliate in many markets. By 1952, it had only fourteen full-time affiliates, of which five were company-owned. Further, without the high-powered radio names that propelled NBC and CBS, ABC and fellow start-up DuMont commanded little affiliate loyalty.
Divorced from Paramount Pictures at the end of 1949 by Supreme Court order, United Paramount Theaters was a company with plenty of money and nowhere to spend it. Cash- and real estate-rich, UPT head Leonard Goldenson immediately set out to find investment opportunities. Barred from the film business, Goldenson saw broadcasting as a possibility, and approached Noble about buying ABC. Since the transfer of station licenses was again involved, the F.C.C. set hearings. At the heart of this was the question of the Paramount Pictures-UPT divorce: were they truly separate? And what role did Paramount's long-time investment in DuMont Laboratories, parent of the television network, play? After a year of deliberation the FCC approved the purchase by UPT in a 5–2 split decision on February 9, 1953. Speaking in favor of the deal, one commissioner pointed out that UPT had the cash to turn ABC into a viable, competitive third network.
Shortly after the ABC–UPT merger, Goldenson approached DuMont with a merger offer. Though it had been a pioneer in television broadcasting and was especially creative in programming, DuMont was in financial trouble. Under Goldenson's proposal, DuMont would get $5 million in cash; guaranteed advertising time for DuMont television receivers: the merged network would be called "ABC-DuMont" for at least five years; and DuMont staff would have a secure future. However, DuMont's nervous minority shareholder Paramount Pictures vetoed the sale, afraid of reviving anti-trust charges. By 1956, the DuMont network had shut down.
The 1960s
After its acquisition by UPT, ABC at last had the means to offer a full-time television network service. By mid-1953 Leonard Goldenson had begun a two-front campaign, calling on his old pals at the Hollywood studios (he had been head of the mighty Paramount theater chain since 1938) to convince them to move into programming. And he began wooing station owners to convince them that a refurbished ABC was about to burst forth. In some markets, like Seattle, Baltimore, Pittsburgh and Milwaukee, he convinced long-time NBC and CBS affiliates to move to ABC. His two-part campaign paid off when the "new" ABC hit the air in October, 1954. Among the shows that brought in record audiences was "Disneyland," produced-by and starring Walt Disney. MGM, Warner Bros. and Twentieth Century-Fox were also present that first season. Within two years, Warners was producing ten hours of programming for ABC each week, mostly interchangeable detective and western series.
While ABC continued to languish in third place in national ratings, it often topped local ratings in the larger markets. With the arrival of Hollywood's slickly-produced series, with their emphasis on those old standbys sex and violence, ABC began to catch on with younger, urban viewers. As the network gained in the ratings, it became an attractive property, and over the next few years ABC approached, or was approached-by GE, Howard Hughes, Litton Industries, GTE, and ITT. ABC and ITT agreed to a merger in late 1965, but this deal was derailed by FCC and Department of Justice questions about ITT's foreign ownership influencing ABC's autonomy and journalistic integrity. ITT's management promised that ABC's autonomy would be preserved; while the merger was approved by the F.C.C, the Justice Department was not convinced, and the deal was called off on January 1, 1968.
As had happened at NBC and CBS, from the mid-1950s ABC's radio audience gravitated to television. By the early 1960s, the radio network schedule consisted of a few long-running serials, Lawrence Welk's musical hour (simulcast from television), and Don McNeill's daily "Breakfast Club" variety show. ABC made a last-ditch effort to retain the radio audience by filling the schedule with talk-shows, but gave in after a few years. In 1968, ABC's remaining programming service was split in four parts, offering customized news and features for pop-music-, news-, or talk-oriented formats. Later, that plan was further broadened to offer seven formats, and ABC returned to programming by offering its more popular local talk shows to national audiences. During this time of expansion, ABC revised its corporate name to American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.
Success at Last
Despite its relatively small size, ABC found increasing success with television programming aimed at the emerging "Baby Boomer" culture. Producer Roone Arledge helped ABC's fortunes with innovations in sports programming, creating Wide World of Sports and Monday Night Football. By doing so he helped to make sport into a multi-billion-dollar industry, and was rewarded by being made head of ABC News and Sports.
By the early 1970s, ABC was showing signs of overtaking CBS and NBC. Broadcasting in color from the mid-1960s, ABC started using the new science of demographics to tweak its programming and ad sales. ABC invested heavily in shows with wide appeal, especially situation comedies, but also offered big-budget, extended-length miniseries, among them QB VII, and Rich Man, Poor Man. The most successful, Roots, based on Alex Haley's novel, became one of the biggest hits in television history. Combined with ratings for its regular weekly series, Roots propelled ABC to a first-place finish in the national Nielsen ratings for the 1976–1977 season— this was a first in the then thirty-year history of the network.
Since 1984, the entire family of ESPN networks and franchises have been owned by ABC (80%) and the Hearst Corporation (20%).
ABC's dominance carried into the early 1980s. But by 1985, veteran shows like The Love Boat had lost their steam; a resurgent NBC was leading in the ratings. ABC relied on that staple of programming, the situation comedy. During this period ABC seemed to have lost the momentum that once propelled it; there was little offered that was innovative or compelling. Like his counterpart at CBS, William S. Paley, founding-father Goldenson had withdrawn to the sidelines. ABC's ratings and the earnings thus generated reflected this loss of drive. So it was not a total surprise when in 1985 ABC was taken over by media company Capital Cities Communications; the corporate name was changed to Capital Cities/ABC.
In 1984-85, ABC began the transition from coaxial cable/microwave delivery to satellite delivery via AT&T's Telstar 301. ABC maintained a West Coast feed network on Telstar 302, and in 1991 scrambled feeds on both satellites with the Leitch system. Currently, with the Leitch system abandoned, ABC operates clear feeds on Intelsat Americas 5 and Intelsat Americas 6, in addition to digital feeds on both satellites.
Acquisition by Disney
In 1996, The Walt Disney Company acquired Capital Cities/ABC, and renamed the broadcasting group ABC, Inc., although the network continues to also use American Broadcasting Companies, such as on TV productions it owns.
ABC's relationship with Disney dates back to 1953, when Leonard Goldenson pledged enough money so that the "Disneyland" theme park could be completed. ABC continued to hold Disney notes and stock until 1960, and also had first call on the "Disneyland" television series in 1954. With this new relationship came an attempt at cross-promotion, with attractions based on ABC shows at Disney parks and an annual soap festival at Walt Disney World. The fomer president of ABC, Inc., Robert Iger, now heads Disney.
Despite intense micro-managing on the part of Disney management, the flagship television network was slow to turn around. In 1999, the network was able to experience a brief resurgence with the hit game show Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?. However, many analysts said that WWTBAM became overxposed, appearing on the network sometimes five or six nights during a week. ABC's ratings fell dramatically as competitors introduced their own game shows and the public grew tired of the format. In 2004, ABC was able to find its niche in dramas such as Desperate Housewives and Lost, which were both popular among viewers and critically acclaimed. Currently ABC is the United States' second-most watched network.
Borrowing a proven Disney formula, there have been attempts to broaden the ABC brand name. The short-lived ABC Cable News began in 1995; unable to compete with CNN, it shut down in 1997. Undaunted, in 2004 ABC launched a news channel called ABC News Now. Its aim is to provide round-the-clock news on cable, the internet and mobile phones.
A 2003 Nielsen estimate found that ABC could be seen in 96.75% of all homes in the United States, reaching 103,179,600 households. ABC has 10 VHF and UHF owned-and-operated television stations and 191 affiliated stations in the U.S. and U.S. possessions.
Since the 1950s, ABC has split "live" production between east- and west-coast facilities; ABC Television Center West in Hollywood, (once the Vitagraph film studios) accommodates sets for the daily soap operas; and the ABC Television Center East, once clustered around a former stable on West 66th Street, and now split between several soundstages in the same New York neighborhood. (ABC's corporate headquarters and news studios are located on the north side of West 66th, while its soap facilities are across the street and the stage for The View are further west on 66th near the Hudson River.) ABC's west coast corporate offices are located in Burbank, CA adjacent to the Walt Disney Studios (Burbank) and the Walt Disney Company corporate headquarters.
On the radio side, ABC radio stations have become more conservative. After passing up the rights to syndicate Rush Limbaugh, ABC Radio Networks now syndicates conservative talk show hosts such as Sean Hannity, John Batchelor, Larry Elder, and Mark Davis. Radio & Records Magazine early in 2005 said that Disney/ABC would sell its radio stations and radio-network operations. For major media conglomerates, this has become a chess game which allows them to swap stations in order to end with more television affiliates. Speculation is that the buyer for the ABC radio networks is Westwood One, a Viacom unit that in recent years has taken over distribution of the remains of the NBC, Mutual and CBS radio networks. Thus in sixty years the radio business comes more-or-less full circle, but now with one owner instead of two.
ABC identity
Viacom.]]
Before its early color transmissions, the ABC identity was a lowercase 'abc' inside a lower case 'A'. That logo was known as the "ABC Circle A." The logo was modified in the fall of 1962 when ABC started using the current "ABC Circle" logo (designed by Paul Rand) with ultra-modern (for its time) lower case 'abc' inside. The typeface used is a simple geometric design inspired by the Bauhaus school of the 1920s; its simplicity makes it easy to duplicate, something ABC has taken advantage of many times over the years (especially before the advent of computer graphics). It does not correspond to a particular font; however, several common geometric typefaces (including Avant Garde and Horatio) are close, and a recently developed typeface is inspired by it. A variation of ABC's logo is used by Brazilian TV network SBT.
ABC1
Launched September 27, 2004, ABC1 is a British digital channel on Freeview's digital terrestrial service (except Wales), owned and operated by ABC Inc. Its current schedule is a selection of past and present American shows, mostly from ABC, and is offered 24 hours a day on the digital satellite and digital cable platforms, and from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. on the digital terrestrial platform, Freeview.
See also
- ABC News
- ABC Sports
- List of programs broadcast by ABC
- List of United States broadcast television networks
- List of ABC slogans
- List of ABC television affiliates
- :Category:ABC network shows
- Circle 7 logo
Notes on Sources
- Barnouw, Erik. The Golden Web: A History of Broadcasting in the United States, 1933-1953. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968.
- Goldenson, Leonard, and Marvin J. Wolf. Beating the Odds: The Untold Story Behind the Rise of ABC. New York: Scribners, 1991.
- Kisseloff, Jeff, The Box: An Oral History of Television, 1920-1961. New York: Viking Press, 1988.
- Sampson, Anthony. The Sovereign State of ITT. New York: Stein and Day, 1973.
- Sobel, Robert. ITT. New York: Truman Talley - Times Books, 1982.
External links
- [http://www.abc.go.com ABC website]
- [http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/S/htmlS/silvermanfr/silvermanfr.htm A bio of Former President Fred Silverman]
- [http://www.tv-ark.org.uk/international/us_abc.html Screen captures of ABC logos past and present, as well as footage of vintage promos]
Category:ABC television network
Category:United States television networks
Category:Walt Disney Company subsidiaries
ja:American Broadcasting Company
Denver, Colorado
The City and County of Denver is the largest city and capital of the state of Colorado in the United States of America. It is located on the plains just east of the Rocky Mountains and forms the heart of the Denver-Aurora metropolitan area. The central downtown district is on the east side of the South Platte River, near its confluence with Cherry Creek, approximately fifteen miles from the foothills.
Denver is the county seat of, and shares the same borders with, Denver County — one of the few consolidated city-counties. According to 2005 census estimates, the population of the city was 560,400, while that of the Denver-Aurora metropolitan area was about 2,830,000, making it the 23rd-largest metropolitan area in the United States.[http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/phc-t29.html]
Denver is nicknamed "The Mile-High City" because its official elevation, measured on the fifteenth step of the state capitol building's west side, is 5,280 feet (1,609 m) above sea level. The elevation, as surveyed at the Denver International Airport, is 5,431 ft (1,655 m). Also, a row of seats in the upper deck of Coors Field, home of Major League Baseball's Colorado Rockies (NL), is marked in purple (one of the team's colors) to indicate that the row is one mile above sea level.
Denver has also been known historically as the Queen City of the Plains because of its important role in the agricultural industry of the plains regions along the foothills of the Front Range. Several US Navy ships have been named USS Denver in honor of the city.
History
Denver was founded in the Kansas Territory in 1858. On November 22 of that year, General William Larimer, a land speculator from eastern Kansas, placed cottonwood logs to stake a square-mile claim on the hill overlooking the confluence of the South Platte River and Cherry Creek, across the creek from the existing mining settlement of Auraria.
Auraria
The site was accessible to existing trails and had previously been the site of seasonal encampments of the Cheyenne and Arapaho. Larimer, along with associates in the Denver City Land Company, sold parcels in the town to merchants and miners, with the intention of creating a major city that would cater to new emigrants. The name "Denver City" was chosen to honor Kansas territorial governor James W. Denver, in order to ensure that the city would become the county seat of then Arapaho County, Kansas. Ironically, when Larimer named it after Denver, he was unaware that James Denver had already resigned as governor.
In the first few years, while the town grew, land parcels were often traded freely for grubstakes and in the course of gambling by miners in Auraria. The city was incorporated on November 7, 1861, several months after the formation of the Colorado Territory. Denver was the county seat of Arapahoe County, Colorado until the creation of Denver County in 1902.
Denver was selected to host the 1976 Winter Olympics to coincide with Colorado's centennial anniversary, but Colorado voters struck down ballot initiatives allocating public funds to pay for the high costs of the games, so they were moved to Innsbruck, Austria. The movement against hosting the games was based largely on environmental issues and was led by then State Senator Richard Lamm. Lamm was subsequently elected as Colorado governor in 1974.
On April 20, 1999, the Columbine High School massacre occurred at Columbine High School, which is located southwest of Denver in an unincorporated area in suburban Jefferson County; the school has a Littleton address.
The cheeseburger was allegedly invented in Denver by Louis Ballast who operated the Humpty Dumpty Barrel drive-in. He applied for a patent on his now famous invention in 1935. It has been speculated that he wasn’t the first person to add cheese to a hamburger, but nobody has an earlier patent, and no evidence to debunk his claim has emerged.[http://www.magazineusa.com/us/info/show.aspx?unit=originals&doc=32]
Denver was an important place for the "beat generation." Beat icon Neal Cassady was raised on Larimer Street in Denver, and a portion of Jack Kerouac's beat masterpiece On the Road takes place in the city, and is based on the beat's actual experiences in Denver during a road trip. Beat poet Allen Ginsberg lived for a time in the Denver suburb of Lakewood, Colorado, and he helped found the Buddhist college, Naropa University or the "Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics at Naropa" in nearby Boulder, Colorado.
Geography and climate
Denver is located at 39°43'35" North, 104°57'56" West (39.726287, -104.965486) in the Colorado Front Range region. It has the Rocky Mountains to the west and the great plains to the east.
great plains
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 401.3 km² (154.9 mi²). 397.2 km² (153.4 mi²) of it is land and 4.1 km² (1.6 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.03% water.
Climate
Denver has a semi-arid climate characterized by dry winters, wetter springs, low-humidity summers, and pleasant falls. While Denver is located on the Great Plains, the weather of the city and surrounding area is heavily influenced by the proximity of the Rocky Mountains to the west. In the winter, the storms that dump huge amounts of snow in the mountains get blocked by the towering Front Range mountains. So, Denver tends to have dry winters that receive less snow than one may expect. In the late spring and early summer, the warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico influences the area and thunderstorms are prevalent, especially in the afternoon. Late summer thunderstorms are also common, fueled by tropical moisture from Mexico called the "monsoonal flow."
The climate, while considered mild compared to the mountains to the west and the plains further east, can often be very unpredictable. An often-repeated saying of Denverites is "If you don't like the weather, wait five minutes." Measurable amounts of snow have fallen in Denver as late as Memorial Day and as early as Labor Day, although trace amounts have been recorded in June. September snowstorms of two feet or more have occurred.
Denver averages 15.4 inches (391 mm) of precipitation per year. The average annual snowfall is around 60 inches. Although Denver's Convention and Visitor Bureau claims Denver receives over 300 sunny days a year [http://www.denver.org/StaticPage.aspx?PN=climate], the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration says Denver receives about 250 days of sunshine a year [http://ols.nndc.noaa.gov/plolstore/plsql/olstore.prodspecific?prodnum=C00095-PUB-A0001#TABLES]. January's average daily high is 43° F with a daily low of 15°F. July's average high is 88°F with a low of 59°F. [http://www.crh.noaa.gov/cgi-bin-den/showProduct.pl?title=Denver's+Climatological+Normals+And+Means&product=normals.html&backto=2]
Neighborhoods
Denver has 79 neighborhoods that the City and community groups use for planning and administration. Although the City's delineation of the neighborhood boundaries is somewhat arbitrary, often the City's definitions of its neighborhoods correspond to those used by Denverites to describe a particular place.
Denver also has a number of neighborhoods not reflected in the City's administrative neighborhoods. Sometimes these neighborhoods reflect the way people in an area identify themselves; sometimes they reflect how others, such as real estate developers, have defined those areas.
Among the neighborhoods commonly spoken of are historic LoDo (short for "Lower Downtown"), part of the City's Union Station neighborhood; Capitol Hill, Washington Park; Uptown, part of the North Capitol Hill neighborhood; Curtis Park, part of the Five Points neighborhood; Alamo Placita, the northern part of the Speer neighborhood; and the Golden Triangle, roughly the Civic Center neighborhood.
Demographics
As of the census of 2005, there are an estimated 560,400 people, 239,235 households, and 119,378 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,396.5/km² (3,616.8/mi²). There are 251,435 housing units at an average density of 633.1/km² (1,639.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 51.9% White, 11.1% Black or African American, about 2.2% Native American, 2.81% Asian American, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 15.59% from other races, and 3.75% from two or more races. 31.68% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 239,235 households out of which 23.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.7% are married couples living together, 10.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 50.1% are non-families. 39.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.27 and the average family size is 3.14.
In the city the population is spread out with 22.0% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 36.1% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 33 years. For every 100 females there are 102.1 males. The size of population in Denver is equivelent to other U.S. cities such as Seattle, Washington DC, Boston, Atlanta or New Orleans.
The median income for a household in the city is $39,500, and the median income for a family is $48,195. Males have a median income of $34,232 versus $30,768 for females. The per capita income for the city is $24,101. 14.3% of the population and 10.6% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 20.3% of those under the age of 18 and 9.7% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
Economy
Denver's economy is based partially on its geographic position and its connection to some of the major transportation systems of the country. Denver's history is a reflection of the boom and bust cycles of the old west. Because Denver is the largest city within 600 miles, it has become a natural location for storage and distribution of goods and services to the Mountain States. Denver is also approximately halfway between the large cities of the Midwest like Chicago and St. Louis and the cities of the West Coast, another benefit for distribution. Over the years, the city has been home to some large corporations in the central United States, making Denver a key trade point for the country.
West Coast
Geography also allows Denver to have a considerable government presence with many federal agencies based or having offices in the Denver area. In fact, the Denver Metropolitan Area has more federal workers than any other metropolitan area except for the Washington D.C. metropolitan area. Along with the plethora of federal agencies comes many companies based on US defense and space projects. Lockheed-Martin, and Ball Aerospace are examples. Of course, being the capital of the state of Colorado also gives many state jobs to Denver.
Denver's position near the mineral-rich Rocky Mountains, encouraged mining and energy companies to spring up in the area. In the early days of the city, gold and silver booms and busts played a large role in the economic success of the city. In the 1970s and early '80s, the energy crisis in America created an energy boom in Denver captured in the soap opera Dynasty. During this time, Denver was built up considerably, with many new downtown skyscrapers built during this time. Eventually the oil prices dropped from $34 a barrel in 1981 to $9 a barrel in 1986, and the Denver economy dropped with it, leaving almost 15,000 oil industry workers in the area unemployed (including mayor John Hickenlooper, a former geologist), and the highest office vacancy rate in the nation (30%). Energy and mining are still important in Denver's economy today, with companies such as Newmont Mining, Patina Oil and Gas, and Western Gas Resources.
Denver's west-central geographic location in the Mountain Time Zone (UTC -7) also benefits the telecommunications industry by allowing communication with both North American coasts, South America, Europe, and Asia in the same business day. Denver's location on the 105th meridian at over 1 mile in elevation also enables it to be the largest city in the U.S. to offer a 'one-bounce' real-time satellite uplink to six continents in the same business day. Qwest Communications, EchoStar, Starz-Encore, and Comcast are just a few of the telecommunications companies with operations in the Denver area. These and other high-tech companies had a boom in Denver in the mid to late 1990s, but the technology bust in the new millennium caused Denver to lose many of those technology jobs. Recently the Denver area has started making a comeback, with the October 2005 unemployment at 4.7% the lowest since September of 2001 [http://www.metrodenver.org/DataCenter/DenverEconomy/MonthlyEconSummary.icm]. Denver government and industry leaders are attempting to diversify the Denver economy so that it is less susceptible to boom and bust cycles.
Other companies with major operations in the Denver area include:
- American Medical Response
- Frontier Airlines
- Coors
- Gray Line
- Janus Capital Group
- J.D. Edwards, now part of Oracle Corporation
- Quark, Inc.
- Quizno's
- Regal Entertainment Group
- Samsonite
- StorageTek
- Sun Microsystems
- Sports Authority
- First Data
- United Airlines
Politics
Denver is a consolidated city-county with a non-partisan elected mayor (though they may belong to a particular political party), a 13-member city council and an auditor. The city council is elected from 11 districts with two at-large council-members and is responsible for passing and changing all laws, resolutions, and ordinances, usually after a public hearing. They can also call for misconduct investigations of Denver's departmental officials.
Denver has a strong mayor/weak city council government. The mayor can approve or veto any ordinances or resolutions approved by the council, makes sure all contracts with the city are kept and performed, signs all bonds and contracts, is responsible for the city budget, and can appoint people to various city departments, organizations, and commissions. However, the council can override the mayor's veto with a nine out of 13 member vote, and the city budget must be approved and can be changed by a simple majority vote of the council. The auditor checks all expenditures and may refuse to allow specific ones, usually based on financial reasons. [http://www.denvergov.org/Denver_Government/template2654.asp]
All elected officials have four year terms, with a maximum of two terms. While Denver elections are non-partisan, Democrats have long held a virtual monopoly on Denver politics, with all elected officials having Democratic Party affiliation. The office of Denver's Mayor has been occupied by a Democrat since the municipal general election of 1963. The current Mayor, John Hickenlooper, has boasted some approval ratings in the 90% range in recent polls,
which could indicate that the Democratic Party will likely remain in control of the office.
In 2005, Denver became the first major city in the U.S. to make the private use of less than an ounce of marijuana legal for adults 21 and older. The city voted 53.49%-46.51% in favor of the marijuana legalization measure. It should be noted that this initiative does not usurp state law, which currently treats marijuana possession in much the same way as a speeding ticket, with fines of up to $100 and no jail time [http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-11-03-pot_x.htm].
Transportation
marijuana legalization
Grid system
Most of Denver has a straight forward north-south, east-west street grid. Blocks are usually identified in hundreds from the median streets. Colfax Avenue, the major east-west artery through Denver, is 15 blocks or 1500 north of the median. Ellsworth Avenue is the north-south median, while Broadway is the east-west median. Both of these streets are identified as "0". Avenues north of Ellsworth are numbered (with the notable exception of Colfax Avenue and a few others). Avenues south of Ellsworth are named.
However, there is also an older downtown grid system that was designed to be parallel to the confluence of the South Platte River and Cherry Creek. Therefore, most of the streets downtown and in LoDo run northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast. This system also helps with snow pack. If the streets were to run in a normal N-S/E-W system, only the N-S streets would get sun. With the grid pointed to the diagonal directions, the NW-SE streets get sun to melt snow in the morning and the NE-SW streets get it in the afternoon. The NW-SE streets are numbered, while the NE-SW streets are named. The named streets start at the intersection of Colfax Avenue and Broadway with the block-long Cheyenne Place. The numbered streets start underneath the Colfax and I-25 viaducts. There are 27 named and 44 numbered streets on this grid. There are also a few vestiges of the old grid system in the normal grid such as Park Avenue, Morrison Road, and Speer Boulevard.
Confusion may arise where the two grid systems meet. Fortunately, traffic in downtown Denver is calmer than in many other large cities, the mountains to the west provide an easy navigational reference.
Highways
Denver is primarily served by the interstate highways I-25 and I-70. I-25 runs north-south from the New Mexico border through Denver to the Wyoming border. Likewise, I-70 runs east-west from Utah to Kansas. The intersection of the two interstates in Denver has been locally termed "the mousetrap." Additionally, I-76 begins from I-70 just west of the city in Arvada. It intersects I-25 north of the city and runs northeast to Nebraska where it ends at I-80.
A highway expansion and transit project, dubbed "T-REX", is currently under construction. The project includes the addition of extra freeway lanes and a light rail line in the I-25 corridor between downtown Denver and the Denver Technological Center. The massive project is slated to be finished in fall of 2006.
Mass Transportation
Denver Technological Center
Mass transportation throughout the Denver-Aurora metropolitan area is managed and coordinated by the Regional Transportation District (RTD). RTD currently operates more than 1,000 buses serving 10,000 bus stops in 38 municipal jurisdictions. Additionally, RTD operates two light rail lines with a total of 15.8 miles of track and serving 24 stations. Current RTD local fare is $1.25. FasTracks, an expansion project approved by voters in 2004, will allow light rail to serve cities such as Lakewood, Golden, and Aurora. Commuter rail lines will serve Boulder, Longmont and the Denver International Airport.
Trains
Train service to Denver is provided by the Amtrak California Zephyr which runs from Chicago west through Denver to San Francisco. Additionally, there is the Ski Train provided by the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad which takes passengers between Denver and the Winter Park Ski Resort. Trains stop in Denver at Union Station, where travellers can meet up with RTD's 16th Street Free MallRide or use light rail to tour the city.
Airports
- Denver International Airport
- former Stapleton International Airport (replaced by Denver International Airport and closed in 1995)
- former Lowry Air Force Base (flights stopped around 1965)
Denver's sister cities
Denver is the second oldest sister city in the United States in its relationship with Brest, France, started in 1948. In 1947, Amanda Knecht, a teacher at East High School, visited WWII ravaged Brest. When she came back, she shared her experiences in the city with her students, and her class raised $32,000 in change to help rebuild the children's wing of Brest's hospital. The gift was proceeded with the development of the sister city program with Brest. Denver's Sister Cities International develops programs to foster relations between all the cities. All of Denver's sister cities have parks in the city named after them (except the newest sister city, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, which will eventually have its own park).
The list of Denver's sister (aka twinned) cities includes Axum (Ethiopia), Brest (France), Chennai (India), Cuernavaca (Mexico), Karmiel (Israel), Kunming (China), Nairobi (Kenya), Potenza (Italy), Takayama (Japan), and Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia).
Education
Public Schools
Denver's public schools are operated by Denver Public Schools. The first school was a log cabin on the corner on 12th street between Market and Larimer streets that opened in 1859. Currently, DPS operates 73 elementary schools, 15 K-8 schools, 17 Middle Schools, 14 High Schools, and 19 Charter Schools. They also operate magnet programs and schools including the Denver School of the Arts, the Center for International Studies, the Emily Griffith Opportunity School, an International Baccalaureate program, a Highly Gifted and Talented Program, and others. DPS also operates the Balarat Program, a outdoor education, western history, and environmental studies program at a 720 acre site in the mountains northwest of Boulder [http://balarat.dpsk12.org/].
In total, DPS educates approximately 73,000 students. The ethnic/racial composition of these students are:
American Indian: 1.2%
Asian: 3.1%
Black: 19.1%
Hispanic: 57.3%
White: 19.3%
The graduation rate of DPS students is 76.9% with a dropout rate of 4.6%. (The rest of the percentage can be attributed to students moving out of the district).
There are 13,452 employees of DPS, 4,061 are teachers. [http://www.dpsk12.org]
Colleges and universities
- University of Denver
- Metropolitan State College of Denver
- University of Colorado at Denver
- Johnson & Wales University
- Regis University
- Community College of Denver
Culture
Landmarks
Community College of Denver Denver hosts a great and rich history of culture, and continues to remain a true testament to "Colorful Colorado". Landmarks and historical points of interest include:
- Brown Palace Hotel, a historic hotel that has hosted many celebrities, dignitaries, and other important people
- Buckhorn Exchange, Denver's oldest restaurant, a historic old-west steakhouse
- Civic Center, a neoclassical park, and the cultural, art and governmental center of Denver
- Colorado Convention Center
- Colorado State Capitol
- Confluence Park, where the city started at the confluence of the South Platte and Cherry Creek.
- D&F Tower, when it was built in 1910 the tallest building west of the Mississippi
- Denver Art Museum
- Denver Botanic Gardens
- Denver Mint
- Denver Museum of Nature & Science
- Denver Performing Arts Complex - The second largest performing arts center in the US after New York City's Lincoln Center.
- Denver Public Library, serving Denver's educational and entertainment needs from 23 locations and a bookmobile.
- Four Mile House, an important stop on the Cherokee Trail and the oldest standing residential building in the metropolitan area
- Kirkland Museum of Fine & Decorative Art, A museum featuring works of Vance Kirkland and others.
- Molly Brown House, where Molly Brown lived in Denver
- Denver Aquarium
- Red Rocks, This Denver owned park and outdoor amphitheater 15 miles west of Denver near Morrison, CO is world famous for its awe-inspiring red rock formations and its amphitheater with near perfect acoustics that has featured famous concerts by U2, The Beatles, Neil Young and others.
- Richthofen Castle, a castle built by the uncle and godfather of the Red Baron
- Six Flags Elitch Gardens - A rare downtown Amusement Park
- Tattered Cover, a very popular independent bookstore with two locations in Denver (LoDo, and Cherry Creek), and one in the suburb of Highlands Ranch.
- Union Station, a magnificent three-story building and the hub of the new FasTracks commuter rail network.
- Wells Fargo Center, a.k.a. the "cash register" or "mailbox" building, one of the city's most identifiable buildings.
Sports
Sports teams
- Denver Broncos charter team of the American Football League (1960-1969), now in the NFL (American football)
- Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association (1967-)
- Denver Outlaws, Major League Lacrosse (2006-)
- Colorado Rockies of Major League Baseball (1993-)
- Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (1996-)
- Colorado Rapids of Major League Soccer (1996-)
- Colorado Crush of the Arena Football League (2003-)
- Colorado Mammoth of the National Lacrosse League (2003-)
- Denver Gaels of the North American County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (1996-)
- Denver Bears former minor league (AAA) baseball team (1948-1992)
- Denver Zephyrs originally, the Denver Bears (moved to New Orleans, 1992)
- Denver Spurs former World Hockey Association team (1975-76)
- Colorado Rockies former National Hockey League team (1976-82); now known as the New Jersey Devils
- Denver Gold former United States Football League team (1983-1985)
- Denver Dynamite former Arena Football League team (1987, 1989-1991)
- Denver Grizzlies former International Hockey League team (1994-1995)
Hosting
- Awarded the 1976 Winter Olympics, which voters rejected due to a 300 percent rise in costs and worries about environmental impact
- The 1998 Major League All-Star Game at Coors Field
- The 2001 NHL All-Star Game and FanFest at Pepsi Center
- 2005 NBA All-Star Game at the Pepsi Center
- 2008 NCAA Frozen Four Tournament
- Denver is host to a yearly race on the Champ Car World Series circuit, the Grand Prix of Denver
- Denver is also currentley lobbying to host the 2008 Democratic National Convention,
which would coincidently be the centennial of the city's first hosting of the convention in 1908 .
- In 1993, Denver hosted World Youth Day, and welcomed Pope John Paul II in one of his rare travels to the United States.
Hostels
- Denver International Youth Hostel
- InnKeeper of the Rockies
- Melbourne International Hotel & Hostel
Famous Denverites
- Tim Allen
- Victor Amaya - pro-tennis player
- India.Arie - Neo-Soul singer, born India Arie Simpson
- Phillip Bailey - R&B lead singer with Earth, Wind & Fire. Later made pop tunes with Phil Collins among others, graduated from Manual High School
- Chauncey Billups
- Richard Butler (born in Bennett, Colorado)
- Douglas Fairbanks, Sr.
- David Fincher
- Pat Hingle
- John Kerry (born at Fitzsimons Army Hospital in Aurora, Denver's eastern neighbor)
- Joseph C. Phillips Actor and political commentator
- Dean Reed
- Karl Rove
- Reese Roper
- Michael Ruffin - Pro-basketball player
- Alan K. Simpson
- Jill Sobule
- Paul Whiteman
- Jan-Michael Vincent
Famous non-native residents
- Neal Cassady - the beat generation icon was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, but was raised in Denver
- Don Cheadle - born in Kansas City, Missouri, graduated from East High School
- Judy Collins - folk singer, born in Seattle, Washington, graduated from East High School
- Madhuri Dixit - Indian actress married to Dr. Sriram Nene, a heart surgeon, born in Bombay, India
- John Elway - Hall of Fame quarterback for the Denver Broncos, 1983 - 1998 NFL seasons (including the Super Bowl played in 1999)
- Bill Frisell
- Pam Grier - born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, graduated from East High School
- Vance Kirkland- artist
- Hattie McDaniel - First African-American to win Academy Award for Gone with the Wind, born in Wichita, Kansas and raised in Denver
- Golda Meir - Former Prime Minister of Israel, lived in Denver for a time as a teenager. Her house is preserved as part of the Metropolitan State College of Denver campus.
- Pat Oliphant - editorial cartoonist, born in Adelaide, Australia
- Dianne Reeves - Jazz vocalist, graduated from East High School
- Mamie Eisenhower - Former First Lady, raised in Denver's Capitol Hill in the Doud House. Graduated from Miss Wolcott's Finishing School.
Books on Denver
- Rise and Dine, Breakfast in Denver & Boulder by Joey Porcelli. Fulcrum Publishing, Golden, Colorado. ISBN 1555915094.
A large portion of Jack Kerouac's beat classic On the Road takes place in Denver.
External links
- [http://www.denvergov.org Official City and County of Denver site]
- [http://www.denver.org Official Denver travel guide]
- [http://www.aboutdenver.com Denver Internet Directory]
- [http://denverlibrary.org Denver Public Library]
- [http://www.rtd-denver.com Regional Transportation District Homepage]
- [http://www.denverpost.com/ Denver Post]
- [http://www.rockymountainnews.com/ Rocky Mountain News]
- [http://www.westword.com/ Westword - Alternative newspaper for Denver]
- [http://www.haunteddenver.com/ Haunted Denver - Seasonal haunted house attractions in Denver]
Category:Cities in Colorado
Category:Colorado counties
Category:Denver metropolitan area
Category:Denver, Colorado
Category:U.S. state capitals
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KGTV
KGTV, "10 News" is the San Diego, California-based affiliate of ABC.
History
The station went on the air on September 13, 1953 as KFSD-TV (First in San Diego), and was affiliated at the time with NBC television. In 1961, KFSD-TV, along with then-sister radio station KFSD-AM 600, changed their call letters to KOGO-TV and AM. The broadcasting division of the Time-Life magazine company purchased the stations, which also included a FM station, in 1962 from a locally-based firm, Fox, Wells & Rogers.
In 1972, the McGraw-Hill publishing company purchased Channel 10 (along with Indianapolis' WFBM-TV Channel 6, now WRTV) and changed its call letters to the present KGTV. The radio stations were sold separately to other interests. KGTV joined the ABC television network in 1977, after ABC chose to disaffiliate itself from UHF station KCST Channel 39 (now KNSD). Channel 10 has remained with ABC since then.
Today, it is one of ABC's highest-rated affiliates, and in recent years it has competed with KNSD for the number one spot in the San Diego market.
External link
- [http://www.10news.com/ KGTV's website]
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Category:ABC network affiliates
Bakersfield, California
Bakersfield is the county seat of Kern County, California, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 247,057. The city's economy thrives on agriculture, petroleum extraction, and refining. It is one of the fastest growing of the larger cities of the United States. As of 2005 the population is estimated at 307,471 according to local municipal sources. It is California's third largest inland city after Fresno and Sacramento.
History
The Yokut Indians were the first people to settle in the San Joaquin Valley, some 8000 years ago. In 1776, the Spanish missionary Father Garces was the first European to reach the area. In 1851 gold was discovered in the Kern River, and in 1865 the first discovery of oil was made in the valley. Settlements grew up, and the place soon became known as "Colonel Baker's field", after one of the local settlers. When Colonel Tom Baker was given the assignment of surveying a township in 1869, the town was given the official name of "Bakersfield".
The town continued to grow, and reached a population of about 300 by 1869, and 800 by 1871. Adversities such as the floods of 1867 and 1893, and the fires of 1889 and 1919, did not reverse this trend. On May 27 1898, the San Joaquin Valley Railroad arrived in Bakersfield, giving a great boost to population. Then, in the 1930s, the Dust Bowl brought a great influx of migrant workers from the Great Plains, Arkansas and Oklahoma taking work mostly in agriculture and the oil industry. In later years, farm work in the area has mostly been conducted by Mexican immigrants. In the 1960s, César Chávez led the fight to improve working conditions for migrant farm workers.
The great earthquake of 1952 changed the appearance of Bakersfield, promoting the flat, sprawling style of building that dominates the city today.
In 1965, a university in the California State University system was founded in Bakersfield. California State University, Bakersfield today has some 7,700 students, with a special focus on business and administration.
Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren was raised in Bakersfield, and would later go on to decide such cases as Brown v. Board of Education and the Miranda decision.
Geography
Bakersfield is located at 35°21'26" North, 119°1'54" West (35.357276, -119.031661), at 120 m (400 ft) in elevation. It lies near the southern tip of the San Joaquin Valley, and the southern tip of the Sierra Nevadas are just to the east.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 296.3 km² (114.4 mi²). 292.9 km² (113.1 mi²) of it is land and 3.4 km² (1.3 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.14% water.
The Kern River (dubbed the "Killer Kern" due to its dangerous swimming conditions) is a river in eastern California in the United States, approximately 250 km (155 miles) long. It drains an area of the southern Sierra Nevada mountains northeast of Bakersfield. Fed by snowmelt near Mount Whitney, the river passes through the Kern River Valley and Lake Isabella, including the nearby towns of Lake Isabella, Wofford Heights, Onyx, Bodfish, Mountain Mesa and Kernville before continuing through scenic canyons in the mountains and is a popular destination for whitewater rafting and kayaking. It formerly emptied into the now-dry Buena Vista Lake at the southern end of the Central Valley, but it is now entirely diverted for irrigation leaving it with no natural outlet.
Bakersfield lies approximately 160 km (100 mi) north of Los Angeles (about a 2-hour drive) and about 500 km (300 mi) southeast of the state capital, Sacramento (about a 5-hour drive).
Bakersfield is the second largest city in the United States that is not directly linked to an Interstate highway, although Interstate 5 runs just west of it while another north-south freeway, State Highway 99, bisects the city.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 247,057 people, 83,441 households, and 60,995 families residing in the city. The population density is 843.4/km² (2,184.4/mi²). There are 88,262 housing units at an average density of 301.3/km² (780.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 61.87% White, 9.16% Black or African American, 1.40% Native American, 4.33% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 18.68% from other races, and 4.43% from two or more races. 32.45% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 83,441 households out of which 42.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% are married couples living together, 15.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 26.9% are non-families. 21.5% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.2% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.92 and the average family size is 3.41.
In the city the population is spread out with 32.7% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 18.6% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 30 years. For every 100 females there are 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 90.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $39,982, and the median income for a family is $45,556. Males have a median income of $38,834 versus $27,148 for females. The per capita income for the city is $17,678. 18.0% of the population and 14.6% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 24.4% of those under the age of 18 and 8.4% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
Bakersfield is generally a politically conservative city with a large population that can trace its family roots to the western exodus of farmers from the American midwest during the Dust Bowl of the 1930s. These individuals were know as "Okies" because so many of them hailed from Oklahoma which was hard hit by the dust bowl. John Steinbeck's masterpiece The Grapes of Wrath is an accurate illustration of their plight.
Local Amenities
Bakersfield is home to California State University, Bakersfield and Bakersfield College. The Kern County Museum, which boasts an extensive collection of regional artifacts, is located on Chester Avenue, just north of Downtown Bakersfield. Bakersfield is also home to the Bakersfield Blaze, a minor league baseball affiliate of the Texas Rangers, who play at the historical Sam Lynn Ballpark. In downtown Bakersfield there is the major civic center, the Rabobank Arena. This arena hosts a symphony orchestra, an af2 team, the Bakersfield Blitz, and an ECHL hockey team, the Bakersfield Condors. Rabobank Arena also hosts the men's and women's basketball teams of CSU Bakersfield, who compete in the California Collegiate Athletic Association in Division II of the NCAA. Also downtown is Jerry's Pizza, which is known across the country for supporting the underground music scene much like the influential CBGB. Bakersfield's main airport is Meadows Field Airport, which currently has a new terminal under construction, replacing the long outdated one. The increasing number of metropolitan amenities is due to the city's fast pace growth.
Culture
Bakersfield has a large Basque population in and around the city, and many of Bakersfield's oldest and most historic restaurants are Basque.
As is true of many cities in the Central Valley of California, a substantial number of Bakersfield residents have ancestors who migrated to the area from the Great Plains, Arkansas and Oklahoma during the Dust Bowl. In John Steinbeck's historical novel The Grapes of Wrath, Bakersfield is one of the locations that the protagonists pass through. Jack Kerouac's On the Road deals with the conditions of migrant workers in this part of California.
In the 1950s, local country musicians such as Buck Owens, Merle Haggard and Wynn Stewart helped invent a rock and roll-influenced country music style called the Bakersfield sound. Their influence was so great that Bakersfield is second only to Nashville, Tennessee, in country music fame. Bakersfield continues to produce famous country music artists.
Despite its country music fame, Bakersfield has also turned out its fair share of hard rock, most notably KoЯn and Adema.
Whether by dirt bike, quad, horse or 4wheeler, the thrill of riding the terra firma foothills and canyons is a culture to the city's residents. Bakersfield has always been home to a large population of Off Highway Vehicle (OHV) enthusiasts. The California Department of Motor Vehicles reports as of May 2001, there are over 18,000 OHVs registered in Kern County [http://www.kohva.com/friends.htm Kern Off Highway Vehicle Association]. On May 26, 2005, the City of Bakersfield and the State of California Parks department obtained an assignable option using a grant from the OHV Trust funds to purchase a prospective 11,000 acre (45 km²) site for an OHV park. [http://parks.ca.gov/pages/712/files/052605.pdf Site Located for State Vehicular Recreation Area]"Ruth Coleman, Director of California State Parks State remarked, This project responds to the needs of the Bakersfield community for increased recreation opportunities and will provide a cornerstone for the Central Valley Strategy". Friends of Kern Open Space state that there are several educational programs available to train youth in proper OHV operation, including National 4-H and the California Off-Road PALS program. [http://www.kohva.com/friends.htm Friends of Kern Open Space].
Trivia
- The Rolling Stones sing of Bakersfield in "Far Away Eyes," and John Hiatt mentions the town in "Tennessee Plates." The rock artist Henry Rollins mentions Bakersfield in one of his spoken word pieces, titled The Virtues of Black Sabbath. Martina McBride's song Cry on the Shoulder of the Road opens with the line I'm rolling out of Bakersfield. Buck Owen's famous "Streets of Bakersfield", later performed with Dwight Yoakam, is naturally about Bakersfield.
- The 1973 book The Onion Field, by Joseph Wambaugh, is a true story about a pair of Los Angeles Police Department officers abducted and killed in farmland near Bakersfield. The Onion Field was made into a move in 1979.
- In 1949, future presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush lived in Bakersfield, on Monterrey Street just west of Mount Vernon.
- The Fox Network broadcast "Bakersfield P.D." (1993), a sitcom about police officers in Bakersfield (one an African-American transplant from Los Angeles, the other a local white officer) which was critically acclaimed but only lasted 17 episodes.
- The movie The Running Man opens with the Bakersfield Food Riots, where Arnold Schwarzenegger's character is framed as "The Butcher of Bakersfield."
- One film shot in Bakersfield is The Cell. This blockbuster is about a serial killer that videotapes his victims before drowning them. The equipment used in the victims' demise has a plate stamped "Made in Bakersfield".
- Other films shot in and around Bakersfield include: The "X-Files" (1998), "K-PAX" (2001), "North by Northwest" (1959), "Thelma & Louise" (1991), "Wag the Dog" (1997), "The Break Up" (1998), "Prime Target" (1989) and "Psycho" (1960).
- Cast Away, starring Tom Hanks, has a porta-potty outhouse wall that says Bakersfield on the side.
- In the movie Where the Heart Is, the characters in the beginning are en route to Bakersfield before stopping at a Wal-Mart in Oklahoma.
- Any reference to Bakersfield by the writer Stephen King usually does not end up in a positive light.
- Bakersfield is notorious for some of the worst wintertime tule fog in the entire West Coast region, with visibility sometimes dropping to 3 m (10 ft).
- Bakersfield has among the worst air quality in North America.
- NASCAR Driver Kevin Harvick hails from Bakersfield.
- Quarterback David Carr, #1 draft pick of the Houston Texans in the 2002 NFL Draft, played football at Stockdale High School in Bakersfield.
- In the CRPG Fallout: A Post Nuclear Role Playing Game, the ruins of Bakersfield are called Necropolis and are inhabited with ghouls, human beings mutated horribly by radiation.
- Twin racist sisters from Bakersfield, Lynx and Lamb Gaede, make up the white supremacist recording duo Prussian Blue.
- Brian Welch brought together the band members from Bakersfield which would become the band KoЯn.
- In 2005, Garth Brooks proposed to country star girlfriend Trisha Yearwood at a Buck Owens event in Bakersfield.
External links
- [http://www.kedc.com/page.asp/csasp/DepartmentID.16/cs/SectionID.1/cs/PageID.4/csasp.html Population trends of Bakersfield, CA and Kern County]
- [http://www.Untraveledroad.com/USA/California/Kern/Bakersfield.htm Photographic virtual tour of Bakersfield.]
Category:Cities in California
Category:Kern County, California
ja:ベーカーズフィールド
WRTV
WRTV , "RTV6" is the ABC television affiliate in Indianapolis, Indiana. Its transmitter is located in Indianapolis. The station signed on air on May 30, 1949 under the call sign WFBM-TV as Indiana's first commercial television station. The station got the WRTV calls in 1972 when it came under the ownership of McGraw-Hill. The station had been an NBC affiliate until 1979, when it traded affiliations with WLWI-TV (presently WTHR) and became an ABC affiliate.
External links
- [http://www.theindychannel.com/ TheIndyChannel.com]
- [http://www.theindychannel.com/rtv6/124111/detail.html WRTV History at TheIndyChannel.com]
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Category:ABC network affiliates
BusinessWeekBusinessWeek is a business magazine published by McGraw-Hill. It was first published in 1929 (as The Business Week) under the direction of Malcolm Muir who was serving as president of the McGraw-Hill Publishing company at the time. [http://www.mcgraw-hill.com/about/history.html].
Since 1988 BusinessWeek has published annual rankings for United States business school MBA programs. It is considered to be the standard both in industry and among students.
See also
- 100 Best Global Brands
- Industrial Design Excellence Awards
External links
- [http://www.businessweek.com/ BusinessWeek Online]
- [http://blogs.businessweek.com/mt/mt-tb.cgi/1373/ MIT's open-source story brings bloggers in]
- [http://www.idsa.org/idea/idea2005/ Industrial Design Excellence Awards]
- [http://www.businessweek.com/bschools/rankings/ranking_history.htm Business School rankings history]
Category: Business magazines
PlattsPlatts is a major provider of energy information around the world that has been in business for more than a century and is now a division of McGraw-Hill. Their major product is industry news and price benchmarks for the oil, natural gas, electricity, nuclear power, coal, petrochemical and metals markets.
External links
- [http://www.platts.com/ Official website]
Category:Petroleum
Category:Companies based in New York CityCategory:Economy of New York City
Category:Companies based in New York
Category:Companies traded on the New York Stock ExchangeCompanies whose stocks are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Most of them are from the United States but there are also companies from many other countries.
See also
- Companies traded on the NYSE
NYSE
New York Stock Exchange
Tom Stafford (astronomer):Other use, Thomas Stafford (astronaut).
Tom Stafford is an astronomer who has discovered a number of asteroids since 1997, including 12061 Alena, 12533 Edmond, 13436 Enid, 13688 Oklahoma, at Zeno Observatory (observatory code 727) in Edmond, Oklahoma.
Stafford, Tom
Stafford, Tom
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