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Muskegon County Airport

Muskegon County Airport

Muskegon County Airport is a public airport located just south of Muskegon, Michigan. The airport has 3 runways. MKG is mostly used for general aviation but is also served by 2 commercial airlines.

Airlines

- Midwest Airlines
- Skyway Airlines dba Midwest Connect (Manistee and Milwaukee)
- Northwest Airlines
- Mesaba Airlines dba Northwest Airlink (Detroit)

External links

- [http://www.muskegonairport.com/ Muskegon County Airport Homepage] Category:Airports in Michigan

Muskegon, Michigan

Muskegon is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 40,105. It is the county seat of Muskegon County ⁶. The city is located in the southwest corner of Muskegon Township, near the junction of US-31 and I-96, which marks the western terminus of I-96. The city and township are politically independent.

Geography

I-96 According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 46.7 km² (18.0 mi²). 37.2 km² (14.4 mi²) of it is land and 9.5 km² (3.7 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 20.37% water. The city is adjacent to two bodies of water: Lake Michigan to the west and Muskegon Lake to the north. The Muskegon River empties into Muskegon Lake at the city's north end.

Major Highways

- I-96
- M-46
- M-120
- US 31
- US-31 Business

Demographics

As of the census ² of 2000, there are 40,105 people, 14,569 households, and 8,537 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,079.1/km² (2,794.5/mi²). There are 15,999 housing units at an average density of 430.5/km² (1,114.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 60.61% White, 31.67% African American, 1.04% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 2.69% from other races, and 3.50% from two or more races. 6.38% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 14,569 households out of which 31.1% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.2% are married couples living together, 20.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 41.4% are non-families. 34.4% of all households are made up of individuals and 12.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.42 and the average family size is 3.13. In the city the population is spread out with 25.8% under the age of 18, 11.6% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 32 years. For every 100 females there are 109.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 110.3 males. The median income for a household in the city is $27,929, and the median income for a family is $32,640. Males have a median income of $29,114 versus $22,197 for females. The per capita income for the city is $14,283. 20.5% of the population and 16.8% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 27.6% of those under the age of 18 and 14.3% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Culture

Muskegon Summer Celebration (late June/early July), is a ten-day festival, held during the July 4th holiday every year, that brings national music acts of all backgrounds to the shore of Muskegon Lake at Heritage Landing. Also included is the Muskegon Art Fair, street fair, Village Craft Market, and the carnival rides. Each summer, the Muskegon County Airport plays host to the Muskegon Air Fair, one of the largest and most popular air shows in the Midwest. The Muskegon Film Festival is held in February. In September, The Michigan Irish Music Festival brings renown Celtic musicians to Heritage Landing on the shore of Muskegon Lake. In addition to music, Irish food, beverages, merchandise and cultural exhibits contribute to the appeal of this event. The Michigan Feis (Irish Dance competition) is affiliated and is held at The LC Walker Arena nearby. Broadway at the Frauenthal (Fall through Spring), brings big-time Broadway musicals to Muskegon. Muskegon is also home to Muskegon Museum of Art and West Shore Symphony Orchestra. Muskegon County Museum and Hackley & Hume Historic Site: Mansions built by Muskegon’s lumber barons themselves are restored to their old glory and open to the public. The mansions are operated with the Muskegon County Museum, which details the grand, rich history of Muskegon County, from the Pottawatomi and Ottawa Native American tribes and lakeside fur traders to the Lumber Queen of the World to today. Also includes science and nature exhibits. Michigan's Adventure, the largest amusement park in the state, is located in Muskegon County, a few miles north of the city of Muskegon. Michigan's Adventure features a midway with roller coasters, general rides, amusements, and a full water park. Muskegon is also the home of the Great Lakes Naval Memorial and Museum, which features the USS Silversides (SS-236), a World War II submarine, and the USCGC McLane, a Prohibition-era Coast Guard cutter. Each August, the Unity Christian Music Festival takes place at Heritage Landing. WMKG is a low-powered television station serving the area. Muskegon has a growing Hispanic population and currently has church services offered in Spanish.

Education

Muskegon Public Schools was founded in 1860 and serves students from preschool through 12th grade. Additionally, it runs the Muskegon Museum of Art and the Muskegon Training and Education Center. Muskegon is also home to Muskegon Community College and Baker College. Grand Valley State University's Muskegon Campus is home to the Muskegon Area Renewable Energy Center and Annis Water Resources Institute inside the Lake Michigan Center.

External links

- [http://www.muskegon-mi.gov www.muskegon-mi.gov City of Muskegon]
- [http://www.infomi.com/city/muskegon/ Muskegon Webpage at InfoMi ]
- [http://mymuskegon.com MyMuskegon.com Muskegon Community Portal]
- [http://miadventure.com MIAdventure.com Michigan's Adventure]
- [http://summercelebration.com SummerCelebration.com Muskegon Summer Celebration]
- [http://muskegonairfair.com MuskegonAirFair.com Muskegon AirFair]
- [http://silversides.org Silversides.org Great Lakes Naval Memorial and Museum]
- [http://muskegonmemories.com MuskegonMemories.com Muskegon's Heritage]
- [http://www.hackleylibrary.org hackleylibrary.org Hackley Public Library]
- [http://www.michiganirish.org MichiganIrish.org Michigan Irish Music Festival]
- [http://www.unitymusicfestival.com/ Unity Christian Music Festival]

References

- Muskegon Public Schools. http://www.muskegon.k12.mi.us/. Retrieved July 1, 2005. Category:Cities in Michigan Category:Muskegon County, Michigan Category:County seats in Michigan

Midwest Airlines

Midwest Airlines is an American scheduled passenger airline based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, operating from General Mitchell International Airport. Midwest Airlines is largely known for its Signature Service all business class seating arrangement, which includes leather seats arranged 2-by-2 and fresh-baked chocolate chip cookies. This product is available on Boeing 717 aircraft. Skyway Airlines is a sister airline also owned by Midwest Air Group.

History

Midwest Airlines began life in 1948, when Kimberly-Clark Corporation began providing air transportation for company executives and engineers between the company's Appleton headquarters and their mills. In 1969, K-C Aviation was born from this, and was dedicated to the maintenance of corporate aircraft. After the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, Kimberly-Clark and K-C Aviation decided to form a regular scheduled passenger airline, and out of that initiative, Midwest Express was started in 1984. The airline slowly grew by adding Douglas DC-9 aircraft to its fleet. Eventually, Midwest Express served most major Midwestern and Eastern destinations. Their longtime slogan, The Best Care in the Air, represents their inflight product. For many years, all flights featured 2-by-2 leather seating, ample legroom, and inflight meals and cookies. This made the airline popular with business travelers. In addition, Midwest Express operated a sizable executive charter operation with a specially-configured DC-9. In the 1990's, Midwest Express began adding McDonnell Douglas MD-80 aircraft to their fleet. The airline experienced steady growth along with continued profitablility. Midwest Express also started their own regional subsidiary, Skyway Airlines, The Midwest Express Connection, to provide commuter airline service to small communities in Wisconsin and the surrounding region. After fourteen years of profit-making, Midwest Express was affected with serious financial problems after the September 11 Terrorist Attacks. To return to profitability, the airline made major changes to its product. First, they reconfigured some MD-80 series aircraft into a new 'Saver Service', featuring cloth coach seats in a 2-by-3 arrangement. Saver Service, while decreasing the width of the seats, continues to feature ample legroom and freshly-baked chocolate chip cookies. This service is offered from their Milwaukee hub to leisure destinations such as Florida, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, and Phoenix on McDonnell Douglas MD-80 aircraft. The airline's Signature Service was also affected by the financial difficulties. The signature gourmet meal services, which had been served on china after being cooked onboard, were discontinued in 2002. In 2003, the airline made another major change, shortening its name from Midwest Express to simply Midwest. A major reason for the change was the modern association of 'express' with a regional airline, which Midwest was not. At the same time, Midwest's commuter airline subsidiary changed its name from Skyway Airlines, the Midwest Express Connection, to Midwest Connect. In a move to save money on jet fuel, the airline accelerated the replacement of DC-9 aircraft with the Boeing 717. It was also announced that select MD-80 aircraft would leave the fleet. In May 2005, Midwest announced a new buy on board meal service for customers. The new program is a step up from 'In-flight Cafe' and features chefs and inspiration from the renowned Mader's restaurant. They also bake chocolate chip cookies on the plane and serve them warm. Midwest has become the longstanding largest operation at Mitchell Airport and serves 21 cities non-stop, while their regional partner Skyway Airlines, operating as Midwest Connect, serves nearly 30 destinations throughout the Central United States. Since the late 1990's, Midwest has built a focus city at Kansas City International Airport, where they presently operate nonstop service to nine cities across the country. With delivery of new aircraft in late 2005, Midwest hopes to build up the current route structure and return to San Diego via Kansas City. This flight will connect with another into Pittsburgh beginning in October.

Incidents and Accidents

- In 1985, Midwest Express suffered their first (and, as of 2005, only) fatal accident, when a Douglas DC-9 of the airline crashed while taking off from Milwaukee, bound for Atlanta's Hartsfield International Airport. According to FAA reports, the crash was caused by failure of the plane's right engine, due to engine fatigue. The engine failure caused the plane to stall during take off. The 31 people on board died.
- On 8 April 2005, a Midwest Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-88 take-off at Los Angeles International Airport was aborted because of a sudden contained engine failure (ref: Flight International, July 2005).

Fleet

- 25 Boeing 717 jets 88C - Signature Service
- 2 McDonnell Douglas MD-88 jets: 143Y - Saver Service
- 11 McDonnel Douglas MD-81/MD-82 jets: 147Y - Saver Service/116C - Signature Service/74F Charter

Awards

- Rated the best domestic airline by Travel + Leisure seven times. [http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=88626&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=728802&highlight=]

Destinations

For a list of destinations, see Midwest Airlines destinations.

External links

- [http://www.midwestairlines.com/ Midwest Airlines homepage]
- [http://www.flyertalk.com/forum/forumdisplay.php?f=496 Flyertalk]

Copyright note

Photo copyrighted by, and courtesy of, Mr. Michael Carter Category:Airlines of the United States

Skyway Airlines

Midwest Connect is an American commuter airline based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. All operations are for Midwest Airlines feeding Midwest's hubs at General Mitchell International Airport and Kansas City International Airport with 19-32 seat aircraft.

History

Skyway Airlines, The Midwest Express Connection, began flight operations as Midwest Express' commuter airline division on April 17, 1989 in Milwaukee. All flights were originally operated by the Mesa Air Group. In 1994, a new airline called Astral Aviation, operating as Skyway Airlines, was formed as a subsidiary of Midwest Express Airlines to operate commuter flights. Skyway's original fleet featured 15 Beechcraft 1900 turboprop aircraft and were used to connect Milwaukee with small communities in Wisconsin and the surrounding region. In 1999, the airline acquired five Dornier 328JET aircraft to expand their operations. An additional five aircraft were added to the fleet in following years. The airline changed its name from Skyway Airlines, the Midwest Express Connection to Skyway Airlines d/b/a Midwest Connect in March 2003, at the same time parent company Midwest Express changed its name to Midwest Airlines. The company employs over 900 people.

Fleet

- 10 Fairchild-Dornier 328JET Regional Jets 32Y
- 12 Beechcraft 1900 Turboprops 19Y All Midwest Connect aircraft feature leather seating, and jet aircraft feature freshly baked cookies on select routes.

Destinations

:For a complet list see Midwest Connect destinations Category:Airlines of the United States

Midwest Connect

History

Fleet

Destinations

:For a complet list see Midwest Connect destinations Category:Airlines of the United States

Northwest Airlines

Northwest Airlines is an airline headquartered in Eagan, Minnesota, with three major hubs in the United States: Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport, Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, and Memphis International Airport. Northwest also operates flights from a hub in Asia from Narita International Airport near Tokyo, and also operates transatlantic and Asian flights in cooperation with partner KLM from Schiphol Airport in Amsterdam. Northwest is currently the world's fourth largest airline in terms of RPK (revenue-passenger-kilometers). In addition to operating one of the largest domestic route networks in the U.S., Northwest carries more passengers across the Pacific (5.1 million in 2004) than any other U.S. carrier, and carries more air cargo than any other passenger airline. Northwest is the U.S. carrier with the longest continuous name identification. The airline, along with its parent company and subsidiaries, is currently operating under Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Northwest Airlines' regional flights are operated under the name Northwest Airlink by Mesaba Airlines and Pinnacle Airlines . Its frequent flyer program is called WorldPerks.

History

WorldPerks Northwest Airlines was founded in 1926 by Col. Lewis Brittin, under the name Northwest Airways. Like other early airlines, Northwest's focus was not in hauling passengers, but in flying mail for the U.S. Post Office Department.^{[http://www.usps.com/history/his2_5.htm]} The fledgling airline established a mail route between Minneapolis, Minnesota and Chicago, Illinois, using open cockpit biplanes such as the Curtiss Oriole. CurtissNorthwest did not begin flying passengers until 1927. In 1928, the airline started its first international route with service to Winnipeg, Canada. The airline's operations were expanded to smaller cities in the region by the end of the decade. In 1931 Northwest sponsored Charles and Anne Lindbergh on a pioneering flight to Japan, scouting what would become known as the Northwest Airlines Great Circle route, and proving that flying through Alaska could save as much as 2,000 miles on a New York-Tokyo route. In 1933, Northwest was designated to fly the Northern Transcontinental Route from New York City to Seattle, Washington; it adopted the name Northwest Airlines the following year. Northwest stock began to be publicly traded in 1941. During World War II, Northwest joined the war effort by flying military equipment and personnel from the continental United States to Alaska. During this time, Northwest began painting their aircraft tails red, as a visual aid in the often harsh weather conditions. This experience with the severe northern climate led the government to designate Northwest as the United States' main North Pacific carrier following the war. AlaskaOn 15 July 1947, Northwest became the first airline to fly a commercial passenger flight from the U.S. to Japan, using The Manila, a Douglas DC-4 aircraft, by way of Anchorage. From Tokyo, the flight continued to Seoul, Shanghai, and Manila. Taipei replaced Shanghai after the revolution of 1949. With its new routes, the airline rebranded itself as Northwest Orient Airlines, although the legal name of the company remained Northwest Airlines. 1949On 1 August 1949, Northwest took delivery of its first double-deck Boeing 377 Stratocruisers, which allowed the airline to establish higher service standards and reduce flight time. They were used to fly the Tokyo route nonstop from Seattle, and from Chicago, via Anchorage. In 1951, Northwest helped establish Japan Airlines by leasing its aircraft and crew to the new company. In 1952, under the U.S.-Japan bilateral aviation treaty, Northwest and Pan American were the two U.S. flag carriers awarded rights to fly not only from the U.S. to Japan, but to pick up and carry passengers beyond Japan. Northwest remains the largest non-Japanese carrier at Tokyo's Narita Airport, with flights to 15 cities in Asia including Seoul, Manila, Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Bangkok and Singapore. Northwest meteorologists pioneered the first clear-air turbulence forecasting system in 1957, important since the airline flew many northern routes over turbulence-prone mountain areas. Northwest remains a leader in turbulence prediction, providing TPAWS (turbulence prediction and warning services) to other airlines. [http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05123/498351.stm] On 1 June 1959, Northwest took delivery of its first turboprop jet aircraft, the Lockheed L-188 Electra. On 8 July 1960, Northwest put the Douglas DC-8 into service, offering the shortest flight times on routes to Asia. In August 1960, Northwest retired the last Boeing 377 Stratocruisers. The airline took delivery of the Boeing 720B in 1961, and in 1963, with the new Boeing 707, and the retirement of the last propeller aircraft, Northwest became the first U.S. airline with an all-turbofan jet fleet. Northwest began operating the Boeing 727-151 in 1964. 1964Northwest took delivery of its first Boeing 747-151 aircraft in 1970. The airline began retiring the older Boeing 707s, and using the newer 707s on high-density domestic routes, where the 727 lacked sufficient capacity. 1970After airline deregulation, Northwest began nonstop flights to other Asian cities, returned to China in 1984 after a 34 year hiatus, and gradually strengthened its presence in the southern United States. It also began flying to Britain, Ireland, Germany, and Scandinavia. On 1 October 1986, Northwest purchased its competitor, Minneapolis-St. Paul-based Republic Airlines and adopted its three-hub network centered around Minneapolis-St. Paul, Detroit, and Memphis. Northwest dropped the word Orient from its brand name after the merger. The legal name has been Northwest Airlines since 1934. Republic Airlines Northwest was purchased in a 1989 leveraged buyout by an investment group headed by Al Checchi and Gary Wilson, KLM, and many others. To pay off the debt incurred in their takeover, the new management sold many of the airline's aircraft to leasing companies, and sold property around the world, including land in central Tokyo. The expense of the buyout was so great that in 1993, following several years of losses due to industry overcapacity and a traffic downtown following the Gulf War, Northwest threatened bankruptcy unless its employee groups agreed to three years of wage cuts. After signing the concessionary agreements, Northwest made its first profit since 1989, and top management awarded themselves with bonuses. Also in 1993, Northwest began its strategic alliance with KLM, which was the largest airline partnership ever conceived at the time. This partnership eventually became the Wings Alliance. However, the alliance never grew beyond the two airlines, and is now obsolete as both are part of SkyTeam. Northwest gradually pulled out of its minor European destinations and focused its attention on the domestic and Asian markets once more. On 1 May 1996 Northwest began the first nonstop service from the U.S. to China, on the Detroit-Beijing route. Nonstop Detroit-Shanghai service followed in April 2000. 2000 Northwest was the first large U.S. airline to offer passengers Internet check-in, in December 2000. The airline had offered airport self-service check-in since 1997. In the early 2000's, Northwest Airlines acquired a reputation of refusing to adopt industry-wide fare increases that had been accepted by other United States airlines. This changed in March 2005, when Northwest adopted fare hikes in response to rising oil prices. 2005On September 15, 2004, Northwest, along with partners KLM Royal Dutch Airlines and Continental Airlines joined the SkyTeam Alliance, a partnership of nine airlines from around the world. Northwest has had an often uneasy relationship with its labor groups. In 1998 Northwest walked away from the bargaining table, locked out its pilots, represented by ALPA, and shut down the airline for more than two weeks. The airline sustained heavy losses as a result, and ended 1998 in the red, after being profitable since 1993. On August 20, 2005, following months of negotiations, an impasse declared by the NMB and a 30-day cooling off period, the over 4,750 Northwest aircraft mechanics, janitors, and aircraft cleaners represented by AMFA, went on strike against the company. After numerous negotiation sessions, no agreement was reached, and the company began hiring permanent replacements for the striking workers. In mid-October, after permanently hiring about 500 non-union workers, Northwest made a final offer to the union. The offer would have saved about 500 union jobs and offer four weeks of severance pay to terminated employees. This offer was significantly worse than the original declined by the union, which would have saved over 2,000 jobs and offered 16 weeks of severance pay. On 21 October 2005, AMFA announced that it would not allow its members to vote on the offer, citing that parts of the contract would violate the union's committment to its members. After no vote took place, Northwest resumed hiring permanent replacements for the remaining positions. For the first time in its 79-year history, Northwest filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York on 14 September 2005. With Northwest's filing, four of the six largest U.S. carriers were operating under bankruptcy protection. Northwest joined Delta Air Lines (which filed just minutes before), United Airlines, and US Airways in bankruptcy. US Airways has since emerged from bankruptcy protection. Northwest common stock shares dropped more than 50% for the second time in three days following the news. In the following weeks, Northwest Airlink carriers Mesaba Airlines and Pinnacle Airlines both announced that Northwest had missed payments to them for their Airlink flying. Northwest also announced plans to shrink its Airlink fleet by over 45 aircraft. Mesaba Aviation filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy on October 13, 2005.

Incidents and Accidents

- On 12 March 1948, Northwest Airlines Flight 4422, a DC-4 military charter en route from Shanghai back to the U.S.][http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19480312-0] crashed into Mount Sanford, Alaska.
- The disappearance of Northwest Airlines Flight 2501 [http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19500623-0], a DC-4 flying from New York City to Minneapolis-St. Paul on 23 June 1950, over Lake Michigan, has never been solved.
- On 24 November 1971, Northwest Airlines Flight 305, en route from Portland International Airport to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, was hijacked by D. B. Cooper. After receiving a $200,000 ransom payment and four parachutes in Seattle, he ordered the crew to fly to Mexico, and jumped from the aft airstairs of the Boeing 727-051 while it was in flight. Cooper's fate remains unknown.
- On 16 August 1987, Northwest Airlines Flight 255 [http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19870816-2] crashed on takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport. All aboard the MD-82 were killed except for one young girl.
- Three Northwest aircraft were targeted in the failed Operation Bojinka terrorist plot of 1995. Also related to terrorism, just before the 11 September 2001 attacks, Zacarias Moussaoui (who was later labeled as a possible "20th hijacker" by the news media) was arrested after attempting to use a flight simulator owned by Northwest Aerospace Training Corporation (NATCO), which is affiliated with Northwest.
- In 1990, three crew members were intoxicated when they flew their Boeing 727 airliner from Fargo, North Dakota to MSP airport in the Twin Cities. Another incident occurred in January 2001 when a pilot flew a DC-9 from San Antonio, Texas to MSP. Upon landing, he had a 0.056% blood alcohol content level, above the Federal Aviation Administration limit. He was soon fired. British Airways, America West, Delta, and many other airlines have had to deal with this issue.
- In 2004, pilots mistakenly landed at Ellsworth AFB instead of the nearby Rapid City airport. Passengers aboard were asked to close their window shades by the US Air Force.
- On 19 June 2005 a Northwest DC-10-30 en route from Mumbai (Bombay) to Amsterdam diverted to Mehrabad Airport in Tehran Iran. A warning light (later proven to be a false alarm) indicated there was a possible fire in the cargo hold. Several hours were spent negotiating the purchase of fuel, due to the lack of precedent; this was the first US airliner to land in Iran since the 1979 revolution.
- On 19 August 2005 a Northwest Airlines Boeing 747-251 lost its front landing gear and skid on the runway at Guam International Airport. There were no fatalities.
- On 29 August 2005 a Northwest Airlines Airbus A330-223, operating as Northwest Airlines Flight 5, clipped and collided with a Horizon Air De Havilland Canada Dash 8 at Portland International Airport before departing for Tokyo, Japan. There were no fatalities.

Fleet

Japan Northwest currently has one of the oldest fleets among all major air carriers, with an average airframe age of 18.3 years across the fleet. This is due, in part, to a large fleet of Douglas DC-9s dating from the 1970s and -80s which were acquired via the Republic Airlines merger in 1986. In an attempt to extend their useful lives, Northwest replaced the aging interiors of the DC-9 fleet in the mid-1990s with all-new materials similar to those in the cabin of the Boeing 717. DC-9 aircraft are being retired at a rate of about 30 a year as they reach their maximum flight ratings [http://news.enquirer.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050222/BIZ/502210318/1001]. Exactly how the airline will replace them in the long run is still an open question, but at present Northwest seems to be moving towards a solution using CRJs operated by its Northwest Airlink subsidiaries [http://www.startribune.com/stories/535/5292560.html]. Excluding its DC-9 fleet, the airline's average fleet age is 9.9 years [http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1058033/000110465905009167/a05-3135_110k.htm]. Northwest was for over three decades a large Boeing 727 operator. As the aircraft aged, the 727 fleet was slowly replaced throughout the 1990s with Airbus A319 and Airbus A320 aircraft. The final 727 aircraft were retired in 2003 after the industry downturn caused by the September 11 terrorist attacks. Since the 1960's, Northwest has operated one of the world's largest Boeing 747 fleets, flying an all-B747 fleet to and within Asia from the 1970s through the early 2000s. Since then, older 747-100 and 747-200 series aircraft have been retired and replaced with the Airbus A330 and Boeing 747-400. In addition to the DC-9, Northwest also currently operates older McDonnell Douglas DC-10 and Boeing 747-200 aircraft. 747-200 N802NW in the 2003 livery]] Northwest is in the midst of a major long-haul fleet renewal program. As part of this program, Northwest introduced a simplified new paint scheme and logo in April 2003. The airline is currently replacing its DC-10 and Boeing 747-200 aircraft with the Airbus A330. The first Airbus 330-323, used on Europe flights, arrived on August 6, 2003. In addition, the new Boeing 787 will arrive in 2008 for long-haul route growth. Northwest has been involved in the launch of numerous aircraft. In 1989, the airline was the primary launch customer for the Boeing 747-400. Northwest was also the United States launch customer for the Airbus A320 with N301US, an A320-211 manufactured on 6 June 1989. In 2005, Northwest announced plans to be the North American launch customer for the Boeing 787, which will be delivered in 2008. All of Northwest's aircraft have a two-class configuration: coach and first class on domestic routes; coach and World Business Class on international routes. Northwest's A330s and 747-451s have the first lie-flat business class seats of any U.S. airline. Northwest's World Business Class is comparable to other airlines' First Class products. Airbus A330 aircraft have a personal video monitor for every seat, and AC power outlets for many seats. For information on the fleet of Northwest's Airlink partners, see Mesaba Airlines or Pinnacle Airlines. Northwest also operates thirteen Boeing 747-251SF freighters.
- Note in table with the asterisk (
- ): World Business Class on international flights; First Class is on domestic flights only.

Destinations

See article: Northwest Airlines destinations

Frequent flyer program

Northwest Airlines destinations.]] WorldPerks is Northwest Airlines' frequent flyer program, offering regular travelers the ability to obtain free tickets, First Class upgrades on flights, discounted membership for its airport lounges (WorldClubs), or other types of rewards. Customers accumulate miles from actual flight segments they fly or through Northwest's partners, such as car rental companies, hotels, credit cards, and other vendors. In addition to its Northwest Airlink and SkyTeam Alliance partnerships, Northwest offers code sharing and frequent flyer partnerships with other airlines, including the following:

References

- Ruble, Kenneth D.; (1986). Flight to the Top: How a Hometown Airline Made History--and Keeps on Making It: The Absorbing Sixty-year Story of Northwest Airlines. New York: Viking Press.
- "Pilots Who Flew Drunk are Sentenced to Prison". (October 27, 1990). St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. 7A. Retrieved March 21, 2005 from LexisNexis.
- [http://www.freep.com/money/business/nwa17e_20050317.htm Moylan, Martin J. "NWA to trim mechanics jobs". (March 17, 2005). Detroit Free Press].
- [http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/upclose/ Northwest Airlines history timeline on www.nwa.com]
- [http://www.usps.com/history/his2_5.htm U.S. Postal Service history; airmail service starts]

External links

- [http://www.nwa.com/ Northwest Airlines]
- [http://www.nwa-restructuring.com/ NWA Restructuring Information]
- [http://www.planespotters.net/Airline/Northwest_Airlines Northwest Airlines fleet detail]
- [http://mileguide.com/nw.shtml Guide to earning miles on Northwest Airlines]
- [http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/04/13/BU17243.DTL Article on Northwest's 2003 rebranding as NWA, initials it shares with a well-known gangsta rap group]
- [http://aviation-safety.net/database/operator/ ASN worldwide aircraft incident database] Category:Worldperks Category:Airlines of the United States Category:Companies based in Minnesota Category:Fortune 500 companies ja:ノースウエスト航空

Northwest Airlink

Northwest Airlink is the trade name of Northwest Airlines' commuter airline service, which flies turboprop and regional jet aircraft from Northwest's domestic hubs in Minneapolis, Detroit, and Memphis to small-to-medium sized cities and towns. The service is formally operated by three separate companies:
- Pinnacle Airlines operates the Canadair Regional Jet throughout the United States
- Mesaba Airlines operates the BAe-146 Avro RJ-85 jet, Saab 340 turboprop, and Canadair Regional Jet throughout the United States
- Pacific Island Aviation operates throughout the Northern Mariana Islands. Fischer Brothers Aviation formerly operated under the Northwest Airlink name. Northwest and Mesaba are operating under Chapter 11 Bankruptcy protection.

External links

- [http://www.nwa.com Northwest Airlines site]
- [http://www.nwairlink.com Pinnacle Airlines site]
- [http://www.mesaba.com Mesaba Aviation site] Category:Airlines of the United States ja:ノースウエスト・エアーリンク

Category:Airports in Michigan

Category:Transportation in Michigan Michigan

Acetaldeide

L'acetaldeide (nome IUPAC: etanale; nota anche come aldeide acetica) ha formula chimica CH₃CHO. A temperatura ambiente è un liquido incolore volatile e infiammabile dall'odore pungente e irritante. È una sostanza tossica, probabilmente cancerogena. È un'aldeide, ovvero la sua molecola contiene un gruppo -CHO, dove il carbonio, l'idrogeno e l'ossigeno sono complanari. Come tutte le aldeidi è facilmente ossidabile ad acido acetico. In maniera analoga alla formaldeide, può formare un trimero ciclico, chiamato paraldeide, che temperatura ambiente è un liquido incolore che bolle a 123°C circa. È un importante reattivo impiegato nelle sintesi industriali organiche. Nel corpo umano, l'acetaldeide si forma per inizale ossidazione dell'etanolo nel fegato ad opera dell'enzima alcol deidrogenasi; viene successivamente convertita in acido acetico dall'enzima aldeide deidrogenasi. Essendo più tossica dell'alcol etilico, l'acetaldeide è responsabile di molti dei malesseri associati ad un dopo-sbornia. I farmaci concepiti per combattere l'abuso di alcol (come il disulfiram) agiscono su quest'ultimo stadio rallentando l'ossidazione dell'acetaldeide ad acido acetico con conseguente prolungamento del malessere. Tracce di acetaldeide sono contenute anche nel fumo di tabacco.
categoria:aldeidi ja:アセトアルデヒド

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