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Hak

Hak

Hak:
- Hal-hal atau tindakan yang boleh dilakukan seseorang karena tertuang dalam hukum negara yang bersangkutan.
- Peninggi sepatu wanita yang terletak di bagian belakang. Lihat juga:
- Hak Asasi Manusia
- Hak Asasi

Hukum

Hukum

Hukum oleh Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (1997) didefinisikan sebagai berikut: # peraturan atau adat, yang secara resmi dianggap mengikat dan dikukuhkan oleh penguasa, pemerintah atau otoritas. # undang-undang, peraturan dan sebagainya untuk mengatur kehidupan masyarakat. # patokan (kaidah, ketentuan). # keputusan (pertimbangan) yang ditentukan oleh hakim dalam pengadilan, vonis.

Hukum Adat


- Lihat artikel Hukum Adat di Indonesia

Hukum Perdata

hukum yang mengatur kepentingan antar golongan, kepentingan individu yang satu dengan kepentingan individu yang lain, disini disebut juga Hukum perdata adalah Hukum Privat.

Hukum Pidana

Lihat pula


- Hukuman pukulan rotan

Pranala Luar :


- [http://www.depkehham.go.id/ Departemen Kehakiman dan Hak Asasi Manusia (Depkehham) Republik Indonesia]
- [http://www.kejaksaan.go.id/ Kejaksaan Agung Republik Indonesia]
- [http://www.mari.go.id/ Mahkamah Agung (MA) Republik Indonesia)]
- [http://www.polri.go.id/ Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia (Polri)]
- [http://www.ri.go.id/produk_uu/datar_isi-2.htm Produk Perundang-Undangan Republik Indonesia (di situs www.ri.go.id)] ----- Kembali Ke :
- Halaman Utama category:Ilmu Terapan category:Hukum

Negara

Negara adalah suatu wilayah di permukaan bumi yang kekuasaannya baik politik, militer, ekonomi, sosial maupun budayanya diatur oleh pemerintahan yang berada di wilayah tersebut. Negara adalah pengorganisasian masyarakat yang berbeda dengan bentuk organisasi lain terutama karena hak negara untuk mencabut nyawa seseorang. Untuk dapat menjadi suatu negara maka harus ada rakyat, yaitu sejumlah orang yang menerima keberadaan organisasi ini. Syarat lain keberadaan negara adalah adanya suatu wilayah tertentu tempat negara itu berada. Hal lain adalah apa yang disebut sebagai kedaulatan, yakni bahwa negara diakui oleh warganya sebagai pemegang kekuasaan tertinggi atas diri mereka pada wilayah tempat negara itu berada. Keberadaan negara,seperti organisasi secara umum, adalah untuk memudahkan anggotanya (rakyat) mencapai tujuan bersama atau cita-citanya. Keinginan bersama ini dirumuskan dalam suatu dokumen yang disebut sebagai Konstitusi, termasuk didalamnya nilai-nilai yang dijunjung tinggi oleh rakyat sebagai anggota negara. Sebagai dokumen yang mencantumkan cita-cita bersama, maksud didirikannya negara Konstitusi merupakan dokumen hukum tertinggi pada suatu negara. Karenanya dia juga mengatur bagaimana negara dikelola. Konstitusi di Indonesia disebut sebagai Undang-Undang Dasar. Dalam bentuk modern negara terkait erat dengan keinginan rakyat untuk mencapai kesejahteraan bersama dengan cara-cara yang demokratis. Bentuk paling kongkrit pertemuan negara dengan rakyat adalah pelayanan publik, yakni pelayanan yang diberikan negara pada rakyat. Terutama sesungguhnya adalah bagaimana negara memberi pelayanan kepada rakyat secara keseluruhan, fungsi pelayanan paling dasar adalah pemberian rasa aman. Negara menjalankan fungsi pelayanan keamanan bagi seluruh rakyat bila semua rakyat merasa bahwa tidak ada ancaman dalam kehidupannya. Dalam perkembangannya banyak negara memiliki kerajang layanan yang berbeda bagi warganya. Berbagai keputusan harus dilakukan untuk mengikat seluruh warga negara, atau hukum, baik yang merupakan penjabaran atas hal-hal yang tidak jelas dalam Konstitusi maupun untuk menyesuaikan terhadap perkembangan jaman atau keinginan masyatakat, semua kebijakan ini tercantum dalam suatu Undang-Undang. Pengambilan keputusan dalam proses pembentukan Undang Undang haruslah dilakuakan secara demokratis, yakni menghormati hak tiap orang untuk terlibat dalam pembuatan keputusan yang akan mengikat mereka itu. Seperti juga dalam organisasi biasa, akan ada orang yang mengurusi kepentingan rakyat banyak. Dalam suatu negara modern, orang-orang yang mengurusi kehidupan rakyat banyak ini dipilih secara demokratis pula.

Lihat pula


- Daftar Negara kategori:Geografi kategori:Politik

Hak Asasi Manusia

Merupakan hak-hak yang telah dimiliki seseorang sejak ia lahir dan merupakan pemberian dari Tuhan. Dasar-dasar HAM tertuang dalam deklarasi kemerdekaan Amerika Serikat (Declaration of Independence of USA) dan tercantum dalam UUD 1945 Republik Indonesia, seperti pada pasal 27 ayat 1, pasal 28, pasal 29 ayat 2, pasal 30 ayat 1, dan pasal 31 ayat 1

Contoh Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM):
- Hak untuk hidup.
- Hak untuk memperoleh pendidikan.
- Hak untuk hidup bersama-sama seperti orang lain.
- Hak untuk mendapatkan perlakuan yang sama.
- Hak untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan.

Referensi


- Steiner, Henry J. & Alston, Philip. (1996). International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics, Morals. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 019825437X
- Donnelly, Jack. (2003). Universal Human Rights in Theory & Practice. 2nd ed. Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press.
- Forsythe, David P. (2000). Human Rights in International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Ignatieff, Michael. Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry. Princeton & Oxford: Princeton University Press.
- Shute, Stephen & Hurley, Susan (eds.). (1993). On Human Rights: The Oxford Amnesty Lectures. New York: BasicBooks.

Pranala luar

Informasi


- [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/hr/c1470.htm Country reports on human rights] from the U.S. Department of State
- [http://www.unholywars.org/category/human-rights/ Human Rights Blog] Blog maintained by a senior journalist.
- [http://www.ngochr.org/custom/index.php ngoCHR.org] – Volunteer reporting on the United Nations Commission on Human Rights
- [http://pages.globetrotter.net/pcbcr/dr1789.html human rights history]
- [http://www.justice.gouv.fr/textfond/ddhc.htm Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du citoyen]
- [http://www.betterworldlinks.org/menschenrechte.htm Better World Links on Human Rights]
- [http://www.le.ac.uk/library/hmb11/law/humanr.html University of Leicester, UK, list of sources and links.]
- [http://www.tamilnation.org/humanrights.htm Introduction to Human Rights & Humanitarian Law]
- [http://www.detroitfocus.org/Issues/0410/CryForCompassion/index.html Photojournalist's approach to human rights in Sudan]
- [http://www.liberalislam.net/adam.html A Muslim approach to human rights] from LiberalIslam.net
- [http://www.missionandjustice.org Mission and Justice] – Human Rights, Justice and Peace news from the Asia Pacific region.
- [http://www.tamilnation.org/humanrights/tamil.htm Sri Lanka – Human Rights of the Tamil People]
- [http://www.childrensrights.ie/convention.php Children's Rights Alliance]
- [http://www.languages-on-the-web.com/onu/hr-ing-fra.htm French human rights]
- [http://dravidaperavai.ds4a.com/ Human Rights and Voice of Humanism]
- [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rights-human/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry]
- [http://www.aasgaard.com/home/publications/thesis/inquiry-into-basic-rights.html Inquiry Into Basic Rights: Advancing Rights in the Theories of Lomasky, Shue and Gewirth] - foundations and derivations of basic rights; justifications for going beyond basic rights

Organisasi hak manusia


- [http://www.betterworldlinks.org/book20b.htm Better World Links on Human Rights Organizations]
- [http://www.amnesty.org Amnesty International]
- [http://www.antislavery.org Anti Slavery]
- [http://www.article19.org ARTICLE 19]
- [http://www.justicefortheworld.org Justice For The World]
- [http://www.freedomhouse.org Freedom House]
- [http://www.globalrights.org Global Rights: Partners for Justice]
- [http://www.ihf-hr.org International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights]
- [http://www.forum18.org Forum 18 News Service] religious freedom news service
- [http://www.cchr.com Citizens Commission on Human Rights] - founded by the controversial Church of Scientology
- [http://www.memo.ru/eng/ Memorial]
- [http://www.cartercenter.org The Carter Center]
- [http://www.hrw.org Human Rights Watch]
- [http://www.ohchr.org UN High Commissioner for Human Rights]
- [http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts University of Minnesota Human Rights Library]
- [http://www.ifex.org International Freedom of Expression eXchange]
- [http://www.hrc.org Human Rights Campaign]
- [http://www.splcenter.org Southern Poverty Law Center]
- [http://www.tolerance.org Tolerance]
- [http://www.montagnard-foundation.org/homepage.html Montagnard Foundation]
- [http://www.olympicwatch.org/ Olympic Watch: Human Rights in China and Beijing 2008]
- [http://www.aprodeh.org.pe APRODEH] (Peru) Kategori:Hak manusia Kategori:Hubungan internasional ja:人権 zh-min-nan:Jîn-kôan

Hak Asasi

Merupakan hak-hak yang telah dimiliki seseorang sejak ia lahir dan merupakan pemberian dari Tuhan. Dasar-dasar HAM tertuang dalam deklarasi kemerdekaan Amerika Serikat (Declaration of Independence of USA) dan tercantum dalam UUD 1945 Republik Indonesia, seperti pada pasal 27 ayat 1, pasal 28, pasal 29 ayat 2, pasal 30 ayat 1, dan pasal 31 ayat 1

Contoh Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM):
- Hak untuk hidup.
- Hak untuk memperoleh pendidikan.
- Hak untuk hidup bersama-sama seperti orang lain.
- Hak untuk mendapatkan perlakuan yang sama.
- Hak untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan.

Referensi


- Steiner, Henry J. & Alston, Philip. (1996). International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics, Morals. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 019825437X
- Donnelly, Jack. (2003). Universal Human Rights in Theory & Practice. 2nd ed. Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press.
- Forsythe, David P. (2000). Human Rights in International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Ignatieff, Michael. Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry. Princeton & Oxford: Princeton University Press.
- Shute, Stephen & Hurley, Susan (eds.). (1993). On Human Rights: The Oxford Amnesty Lectures. New York: BasicBooks.

Pranala luar

Informasi


- [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/hr/c1470.htm Country reports on human rights] from the U.S. Department of State
- [http://www.unholywars.org/category/human-rights/ Human Rights Blog] Blog maintained by a senior journalist.
- [http://www.ngochr.org/custom/index.php ngoCHR.org] – Volunteer reporting on the United Nations Commission on Human Rights
- [http://pages.globetrotter.net/pcbcr/dr1789.html human rights history]
- [http://www.justice.gouv.fr/textfond/ddhc.htm Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du citoyen]
- [http://www.betterworldlinks.org/menschenrechte.htm Better World Links on Human Rights]
- [http://www.le.ac.uk/library/hmb11/law/humanr.html University of Leicester, UK, list of sources and links.]
- [http://www.tamilnation.org/humanrights.htm Introduction to Human Rights & Humanitarian Law]
- [http://www.detroitfocus.org/Issues/0410/CryForCompassion/index.html Photojournalist's approach to human rights in Sudan]
- [http://www.liberalislam.net/adam.html A Muslim approach to human rights] from LiberalIslam.net
- [http://www.missionandjustice.org Mission and Justice] – Human Rights, Justice and Peace news from the Asia Pacific region.
- [http://www.tamilnation.org/humanrights/tamil.htm Sri Lanka – Human Rights of the Tamil People]
- [http://www.childrensrights.ie/convention.php Children's Rights Alliance]
- [http://www.languages-on-the-web.com/onu/hr-ing-fra.htm French human rights]
- [http://dravidaperavai.ds4a.com/ Human Rights and Voice of Humanism]
- [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rights-human/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry]
- [http://www.aasgaard.com/home/publications/thesis/inquiry-into-basic-rights.html Inquiry Into Basic Rights: Advancing Rights in the Theories of Lomasky, Shue and Gewirth] - foundations and derivations of basic rights; justifications for going beyond basic rights

Organisasi hak manusia


- [http://www.betterworldlinks.org/book20b.htm Better World Links on Human Rights Organizations]
- [http://www.amnesty.org Amnesty International]
- [http://www.antislavery.org Anti Slavery]
- [http://www.article19.org ARTICLE 19]
- [http://www.justicefortheworld.org Justice For The World]
- [http://www.freedomhouse.org Freedom House]
- [http://www.globalrights.org Global Rights: Partners for Justice]
- [http://www.ihf-hr.org International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights]
- [http://www.forum18.org Forum 18 News Service] religious freedom news service
- [http://www.cchr.com Citizens Commission on Human Rights] - founded by the controversial Church of Scientology
- [http://www.memo.ru/eng/ Memorial]
- [http://www.cartercenter.org The Carter Center]
- [http://www.hrw.org Human Rights Watch]
- [http://www.ohchr.org UN High Commissioner for Human Rights]
- [http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts University of Minnesota Human Rights Library]
- [http://www.ifex.org International Freedom of Expression eXchange]
- [http://www.hrc.org Human Rights Campaign]
- [http://www.splcenter.org Southern Poverty Law Center]
- [http://www.tolerance.org Tolerance]
- [http://www.montagnard-foundation.org/homepage.html Montagnard Foundation]
- [http://www.olympicwatch.org/ Olympic Watch: Human Rights in China and Beijing 2008]
- [http://www.aprodeh.org.pe APRODEH] (Peru) Kategori:Hak manusia Kategori:Hubungan internasional ja:人権 zh-min-nan:Jîn-kôan

משחק לולאות

משחק לולאות (באנגלית: String Figure) הוא משחק ילדים המשוחק באמצעות ליפוף לולאת חבל סביב שתי הידיים ובניית צורות שונות באמצעות ליפוף החבל עוד ועוד בטכניקות שונות.
המשחק משוחק ע"י שחקן יחיד המלפף צורות שונות סביב שתי ידיים או ע"י שני שחקנים ומעלה המעבירים ביניהם את הלולאות ומשכללים את הצורות המתקבלות (ראו גם: סבתא סורגת, באנגלית: "Cup and Saucer", הגרסה הנפוצה ביותר בישראל). ישראל משחקי הלולאות השונים נפוצים בכל העולם ומשוחקים כבר מאות שנים. זוג אתנרופולוגים במשך שנות השמונים של המאה ה19 עד המאה ה20, ד"ר ריברס וד"ר האדון, חקרו ברחבי העולם את תרבות הפנאי של תרבויות שונות בעולם. צורות רבות נאספו ותועדו מאיים שונים באוקיינוס השקט, האינואיטים (אסקימואים) שבקוטב ושבטים של אינדיאנים.

לקריאה נוספת


- לולאות משחק הלהטוטים היצירתי מיפן, וכטנברג, 1996.

קישורים חיצוניים


- [http://www.isfa.org האתר הרשמי של משחקי לולאות].
- [http://www.stringfigures.tipo.co.il אתר המיועד לשחקנים מתחילים]. קטגוריה:משחקים ja:あやとり

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