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Azia

Azia

Maxim granda kontinento en mondo, cirkum quaropla kam Europa. Azia ed Europa formacas kune superkontinento Eurazia. Image:Asien-Pos.png
- Areo: 44,4 milioni km².
- Habitanti (1980): 2.638 milioni.
- Maxim norda loko: Kabo Chelyuskin, Rusia (77˚ 36' N).
- Maxim esta loko: Kabo Dejnyov, Rusia (169˚ 45' W).
- Maxim suda loko: Kabo Bulus, Malaysia (1˚ 16' N).
- Maxim westa loko: Kabo Baba, Turkia (26˚ 4' E).

Stati en Azia

Altra loki

Historiala loki

Lagi e mari

Insuli

Canali e stretaji

Suez-kanalo | Cushima-stretajo | Hormuz-stretajo | Melaka-stretajo | Taiwan-stretajo
- ja:アジア ko:아시아 ms:Asia simple:Asia th:ทวีปเอเชีย zh-min-nan:A-chiu

Kontinento

Kontinento esas triimo di tero-surfaco qua formacas sendependa totajo e qua havas bordi naturala. La sis kontinenti esas:
- Afrika
- Amerika (norda e suda, konekta per tenua centrala)
- Antarktika
- Azia
- Europa
- Oceania Oceania ja:大陸 ms:Benua simple:Continent th:ทวีป zh-min-nan:Tāi-lio̍k

Mondo

En mondo esas sis kontinenti:
- Afrika
- Amerika
- Antarktika
- Azia
- Europa
- Oceania Kom planeto mondon nomizesas Tero o terglobo. ---- Oceani Antarktika Oceano | Arktika Oceano | Atlantiko | Indiana Oceano | Pacifiko Category:Geografio ja:世界

Europa

:Europa esas anke la satelito di Jupitero. ---- La bordi di Europa esas Atlantiko en westo, Arktika Oceano en nordo, montaro di Ural, rivero Ural e Kaspia Maro en esto e montaro di Kaukazia, Nigra Maro e Mediteraneo en sudo. Europa ed Azia formacas kune superkontinento Eurazia. Eurazia ----

Stati en Europa

Altra loki

Historiala nomi

Monti e montari

Riveri e fluvii

Danubio | Rheno | Volga

Mari e.c.

Insuli

1980

1979 <--> 1981 / 20ma yar-cento ----

Eventi

Kosmo

- 12 di novembro – Voyager 1 preterflugas Saturno e sendas preciza fotografuri a Tero.

Europa

- 1 di januaro – en Suedia kronala princino Victoria esas situita en heredal ordino kom unesma.
- 18 di marto – Vostok di Soviet-Uniono explozas sur sendeyo-montanto.
- 5 di septembro – en Suisia St Gothard-tunelo (16,32 km) esas apertita.
- 17 di septembro – en Polonia, Gdansk, fondesas Solidareso-uniono profesionala.
- 23 di novembro – en suda Italia 4.800 homi mortis dum serio di tertremi.

Azia

- 26 di januaro – Israel ed Egiptia ligas diplomatala relati.
- 17 di julio – en Irak Saddam Hussein divenas prezidanto.
- 12 di septembro – en Turkia militala povo-kapto da Kenan Evren.
- 22 di septembro – milito inter Irak ed Iran komencas.

Centr-Amerika

- 24 di marto – En San Salvador arkiepiskopo Óscar Romero esas mortigita.
- 30 di oktobro – El Salvador e Honduras subskribas paco-pakto pro finar Futbolo-milito ye 1969.

Nord-Amerika

- 1 di junio – CNN komencas lua brodkasti.
- 4 di novembro – en Usa Ronald Reagan vinkas elekto por prezidanteso.

Oceania

- 30 di julio – Vanuatu divenas nedependanta.

Naski

- 17 di junio – Venus Williams, tenisisto.

Morti

- 15 di aprilo – Jean-Paul Sartre, filozofo ed autoro.
- 29 di aprilo – Sir Alfred Hitchcock, Usana cinemo-direktisto.
- 4 di mayo – Josip Broz Tito, prezidanto di Yugoslavia 1953–1980.
- 28 di mayo – Rolf Nevanlinna, Finlandana matematikisto.
- 7 di julio – Henry Miller, autoro.
- 24 di julio – Peter Sellers, aktoro.
- 27 di julio – Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, shaho di Iran.
- 7 di novembro – Steve McQueen, Usana aktoro.
- 22 di novembro – Mae West, Usana aktoro.
- 8 di decembro – John Lennon, muzikisto, mortigita.
- 18 di decembro – Aleksey Kosygin, chef-ministro di Soviet-Uniono 1964–1980.
- 24 di decembro – Karl Dönitz, Germana grand-admiralo, prezidanto de 30 di aprilo til 8 di mayo 1945. Category:1980a yari als:1980 ja:1980年 ko:1980년 simple:1980 th:พ.ศ. 2523

Rusia

Videz anke Rusia (homonima) Rusia (homonima) Rusia o Federativa Republiko di Rusia es maxim extensita lando kun 17.095.000 km (144,1 milioni lejanti) do chefurbo es Moskva. Transsiberia fervoyo als:Russland ja:ロシア ko:러시아 ms:Russia roa-rup:Rusii simple:Russia th:สหพันธรัฐรัสเซีย zh-min-nan:Lō·-se-a

Afganistan

Afganistan esas stato en centra Azia inter Iran, Pakistan, India, Chinia, Tadjikistan, Usbekistan e Turkmenistan. Altra Idala nomo por la lando esas Afgania. Chefurbo: Kabul Lojanti:
- sumo (yaro): 28.513.677 (2004)
- lojantala denseso: 44 km^{2

Surfaco: 647.500 km^{2
----
Historio

De la yaro 1979 Afganistan esis okupata da Rusia til 1989.

Politiko

Prezidento de stato es Hamid Karzai.

Geografio
Ekonomio
Demografio
Kulturo
Cetera aferi

als:Afghanistan

ja:アフガニスタン
ko:아프가니스탄

ms:Afghanistan

simple:Afghanistan

th:ประเทศอัฟกานิสถาน

zh-min-nan:Afghanistan

Armenia
Armenia esas stato en Azia inter Iran, Turkia, Azerbaijan e Georgia.

Chefurbo: Erivan

Lojanti:

- sumo (yaro): 2.991.360 (2004)

- lojantala denseso: 100 km^{2

Surfaco: 29.800 km^{2
----
Historio

Armenia divenis nedependente en la yaro 1991.

Politiko
Geografio
Ekonomio
Demografio
Kulturo
Cetera aferi

ja:アルメニア

ko:아르메니아

ms:Armenia

simple:Armenia

th:ประเทศอาร์เมเนีย

zh-min-nan:Hayastan

Bahrain
Bahrain esas stato en Azia este de Saudia Arabia.

Chefurbo: Manama

Lojanti:

- sumo (yaro): 677.886 (2004)

- lojantala denseso: 953 km^{2

Surfaco: 711 km^{2
----
Historio

Bahrain divenis nedependente en la yaro 1971.

Politiko
Geografio
Ekonomio
Demografio
Kulturo
Cetera aferi

ja:バーレーン
ko:바레인

ms:Bahrain

th:ประเทศบาห์เรน

Bangladesh
Bangladesh esas stato en centra-est Azia inter India e Myanmar

Chefurbo: Dhaka

Lojanti:

- sumo (yaro): 141.340.476 (2004)

- lojantala denseso: 981 km^{2

Surfaco: 144.000 km^{2
----
Historio
Politiko
Geografio
Ekonomio
Demografio
Kulturo
Cetera aferi

ja:バングラデシュ
ko:방글라데시

ms:Bangladesh

th:ประเทศบังคลาเทศ

zh-min-nan:Bangladesh

Bhutan

Bhutan, rejio en le Himalaya, nomizita segun la Sanskrita vorti Bhyot (Tibet) and anta ('fino'), nam ol jacas an la frontiero di Tibet.

Bazala fakti pri Buthan
Historio
Politiko
Geografio
Ekonomio
Demografio
Kulturo
Cetera aferi

Category:Azia Category:Bhutan

ms:Bhutan

ja:ブータン
ko:부탄

th:ประเทศภูฏาน

Chinia

Chinia jacas en est Azia. Lua oficala nomo esas Zhonghua renmin gong he guo.

Bazala fakti pri Chinia
Historio
Chinia esas un de nasko-loki di homala kulturo, do Chinia havas tre longa historio. Yen periodi dil historio di Chinia segun Chiniana historiisti:

- c. 600.000 aK—7000 aK: paleolita periodo.

- c. 7000 aK—1600 aK: neolita periodo.

- c. 1600 aK—1100 aK: Shang-dinastio.

- c. 1600 aK—1400 aK: Zhengzhou kom chefurbo.

- c. 1400 aK—1027 aK: Anyang kom chefurbo.

- 1027 aK—770 aK: Westa Zhou.

- 770 aK—475 aK: Periodo di printempo e autuno.

- 475 aK—221 aK: Periodo di kombatanta stati.

- 221 aK—207 aK: Qin-dinastio.

- 206 aK—220 pK: Han-dinastio.

- 206 aK—24 pK: Westa Han.

- 25 pK—220 pK: Esta Han.

- 220—265: Periodo di tri rejii.

- 265—316: Westa Jin-dinastio.

- 317—420: Esta Jin-dinastio.

- 420—589: Suda dinastii.

- 386—581: Norda dinastii.

- 581—618: Sui-dinastio.

- 618—906: Tang-dinastio.

- 907—960: Periodo di kin dinastii.

- 960—1279: Song-dinastio.

- 916—1125: Liao-dinastio.

- 1115—1234: Jin-dinastio.

- 1279—1368: Yuan-dinastio.

- 1368—1644: Ming-dinastio.

- 1644—1912: Qing-dinastio.

- 1912—1945: Republikala tempo.

- 1945—1949: Interna milito.

- 1949— : Populo-demokratio.

Politiko
Chinia esas depos 1949 socialista populo-demokratio. La komunista partiso di Chinia havas povo.

Geografio
Surfaco: 9.596.960 km².

Lojanti (yaro): 1.286.975.468 (2003); 1.008.175.000 (1983).

Chef-urbo: Beijing

Altra urbi: Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Guangzhou (Kanton), Shenyang.

Ekonomio
Precipua exportacala vari esas teo, soyo, oleo, oleal produkturi, kemial produkturi, stofi, mashini, volframo, antimono, karbono.
Demografio
Chinia esas multanaciona stato, ma nur Chiniana linguo esas oficala.
Kulturo
Chinia esas ateista stato. Tamen la populo suportas Konfuceismo, Buddhismo e Taoismo.
Cetera aferi

Category:Azia

als:Volksrepublik China

ja:中華人民共和国

ko:중화인민공화국

ms:Republik Rakyat China

simple:People's Republic of China

th:สาธารณรัฐประชาชนจีน

zh-cn:中华人民共和国
zh-min-nan:Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok
zh-tw:中华人民共和国

Gruzia

# Georgia (stato) en Kaukasus, ex-partostato di Soviet-Uniono. (Pronuncesas quale skribita).
# Georgia (partostato) di Usa. (Pronuncesas Angle.)

ja:ジョージア

India
La republiko di India esas la duesma populoza naciono dil mondo kun multe kam un miliardo habitanti, ed ol esas la sepesma maxim granda lando en geografiala areo. India anke es la maxim granda liberala demokratio. L' ekonomio di India kreskis tre rapide en recenta yari, malgre ke quarimo de la populo esas tre povra. Kun plura majora lingui ed centi de dialekti, diversa religii ed kulturi, plura granda urbi ed multe kam 700.000 vilaji, India existas misterioze, amba en la klasika, tradicionala metodi, ed en la moderna industriala mondo.

India jacas en sud-Azia inter la Araba Maro ed Bayo di Bengal. India havas komuna bordi kun Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar (Burma), Chinia, Nepal, ed Pakistan.

Klimato
Generala klimato en India esas sezonala kun koldeta vintri ed varmega someri sequita da du o tri monati di pluvema vetero. Ye la norda ed centra regioni, dum la vintro, kolda venti de la Himalaya monti efektigas ne severa ed sika klimatala standi. Ye la suda parto ed la litori di Araba maro, varmega ed humida standi restas dum la tota yaro.

Geografio
La Himalaya monti formacas la norda bordi di India. Al westo esas la stato Rajasthan qua havas dezerti. La fluvio Ganga (2.478 km) fluas tra granda fertila plana lando en la centra parto. La lando acensas al du plat-landi qui limitesas ye la central ed suda regioni da basa monti nomita Dekkan Ghat. Ta monti inklinas aden streta litoro regioni. Plura fluvii ed riveri trairas la lando.

Demografio
Multe kam un miliardo habitanti esas aproximita en India. Cirkum 70% de la populo esas Indi-Aryani, 25% apartenas la Dravido raso, ed 3% esas mongoli ed altra ethnikala grupi.

Lingui
La Hindi konstatesis kom la nacionala linguo da la guvernerio pos ganar nedependeso de Britania, ma ol es la precipua linguo di nur 30% de la populo. L'Angla esas la precipua linguo por nacionala, politikala, ed komercala komuniko. Esas 14 altra oficala lingui en India. La populara linguo Hindustani parolesas en norda India, ma ne esas oficala linguo.

Cetera Aferi
Fundamentala koncerni en India es duranta disputo kun Pakistan pri Kashmir, tre multa populo, ekologiala dekadeso, extensiva povreso, ed etnikala ed religiala lukti. To es vera malgre impresiva gani en ekonomiala interesto.

Bazala fakti di India:

- Chefurbo: Nova-Delhi.

- Areo: 3.287.590 km²

- Habitanti: 1.080.000.000 (kresko 1.4 %)

- Religiala distributo:

- Hinduani 81.3 %

- Islamani 12 %

- Kristani 2.3 %

- Sikhani 1.9 %

- altra grupi inkluzata Buddisti, Jainani, Parsiani 2.5 %

als:Indien

[[got:

IndoneziaBazala fakti di Indonezia:

- Chefurbo: Jakarta.

- habitanti: 238.000.000 (kresko 1,52 %)

- Javani 45 %

- Sundani 14 %

- Madurani 7,5 %

- Rivala Malayani 7,5 %

- Chiniani, Arabi ed altri

- Islamani 88 %, Kristani 8 %, Hinduani 2 %

- areo: 1.919.440 km²

- insuli: Bali, Borneo, Java, Nova Guinea, Sulawesi, Sumatra, (Westa) Timor

- oficala linguo: Bahasa Indonesia (anke c. 300 altra lingui e dialekti)

-

ja:インドネシア

ko:인도네시아

ms:Indonesia

simple:Indonesia

th:ประเทศอินโดนีเซีย

zh-min-nan:Ìn-nî

Iran
Iran esas granda stato en Azia. Vicina lando en westo esas Irak, en nordo Turkmenistan, en esto Afganistan e Pakistan. Sude de Iran esas la Persiana Gulfo e norde la Kaspia Maro.

- Chefurbo: Tehran

- Lojanti: 71.000.000

Historio
Kelka punti de recenta historio:

1935 – Persia divenas oficale Iran.

1941 – Trupi di Britania e Soviet-Uniono okupas Iran. La shaho Reza Pahlavi donas la trono a sua filio Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

1953 – La shaho suplantas nacional-mentala chefministro Mossadeq per helpo dal militisti e dal Ocidento. La shaho ganas plue povo.

1963 – La kampanio por igar la lando plu ocidentala komencas.

1979 – La shaho Mohammad Reza Pahlavi mustas fugar ek la lando pro vasta demonstri. Ayatolo Khomeini retroiras ad Iran e divenas la chefo di la lando.

1980 – Vasta nacionaligo komencas. – Irak di Saddam Hussein atakas Iran, e la milito duros ok yari. – La ex-shaho Mohammad Reza Pahlavi mortas en exilo.

1989 – Ayatolo Khomeini mortas ed ayatolo Khamenei divenas la maxim supra chefo.

1997 – Mohammad Khatami vinkas la prezidental elekto.

2000 – Le novigo-mentala vinkas en parlamental elekti ganante 170 sideyi de tota 290 sideyi.

Politiko
Geografio
Ekonomio
La maxim importanta exportacala produkturi:

- oleo

- mati

- agrokultivala produkturi.

Demografio
Kulturo
Cetera aferi

ko:이란

ms:Iran
zh-min-nan:Iran

ja:イラン

simple:Iran

th:ประเทศอิหร่าน

Japonia
Japonia esas insulo-stato en est Azia che la Pacifiko.

- Lojanti: 127 milion (2003).

- Surfaco: 378.000 km².

- Chefurbo: Tokio (12.3 milion; en Granda Tokio proxime 30 milion).

Historio

- Heian-ero 794–1185

- Kamakura-ero 1185–1336

- Muromachi-ero 1336–1573

- Azuchi-Momoyama-ero 1573–1600

- Edo-ero 1600–1868

Politiko
Japonia esas parlamentala cezario. Nuna cezaro esas Akihito (nask. 1933). La parlamento konsistas ek supra e suba chambro.

Geografio
Japonia konsistas tote ek insuli. La maxim granda insuli esas

- Hokkaido

- Honshu

- Kyushu

- Shikoku

La surfaco di Japonia 378.000 km². Du triimi de surfaco esas montaro, e la maxim alta monto esas Fuji, 3.776 m.
Ekonomio
Demografio
En Japonia esas 127 milion lojanti. Maxim granda parto de populani esas Japona-linguala (99 %), ma esas anke mikra minoritato Koreana-linguala (1 %). L’ oficala linguo esas Japona.

Expektebla vivo-longeso esas che viri 77,6 yari e che mulieri 84,6 yari.

Kulturo
Religii:

- 84 % de Japoniani esas ambe shintoani e buddhisti.

Granda urbi

- Fukuoka

- Nagoya

- Osaka

- Sapporo

- Sendai

- Tokio (Tokyo)

Cetera aferi

- Lektez pri le Samurai

-

als:Japan

ja:日本

ko:일본

ms:Jepun

simple:Japan

th:ประเทศญี่ปุ่น

zh-min-nan:Ji̍t-pún

Jordania
Jordania esas stato en Azia inter Saudia Arabia, Israel, Irak, Siria, Palestina, che la Reda Maro.

Chefurbo: Amman

Lojanti:

- sumo (yaro): 5.153.378 (2004)

- lojantala denseso: 58 km^{2

Surfaco: 92.300 km^{2
----
Historio

Jordania divenis nedependente en la yaro 1946.

Politiko
Geografio
Ekonomio
Demografio
Kulturo
Cetera aferi

ja:ヨルダン
ko:요르단

ms:Jordan

th:ประเทศจอร์แดน

zh-min-nan:Jordan

Kambodja
Historio

La Reda Khmeri

En 1969 Usa komencis bombardar Kambodja pro exterminor la partizani di Vietkong, qui uzis la sulo di Kambodja por ataki kontre Sud-Vietnam armeo.

En 1970 prima ministro di rejo Sihanouk, generalo Lon Nol, kaptis povo per suporto da Usa e komencis interna milito. Tale Kambodja falis en Vietnam-milito. Ye aprilo Usa atakis Kambodja la Parlamento ne savante pri lo. Suplantita rejo Sihanouk e Pol Pot unionis, e Chinia e Vietnam provizis armi por la opozanta movemento. Nacionalismo kreskis en Kambodja (tatempe La Republiko di le Khmer). Ye junio Usa retretis, ma Usani prolongis maskita operacioni militala en Kambodja.

Ye 17 di aprilo 1975 la Reda Khmeri marchis kom vinkinta en chefurbo Phnom Penh. La milito finis, ma li fondis Demokrata Kampucea, qua izolis su de la mondo e zeleskis a totala komunismo maoista. Kruelega mortigi e translojigi di propra populani komencis. Milioni de homi mortis dum la quar-yara rejimo.

Ye 7 di januaro 1979 Vietnam armeo marchis a Phnom Penh. La stato nominesis nun Populo-demokrata Kampucea. La mondo pokope saveskis la kruelegi da Reda Khmerani.

Ye 1989 Vietnam retretis ek Kambodja. La partizana milito inter l’ armeo dil rejimo e Reda Khmerani duris en junglo.

Ye 1991 en Paris naskis kontrato pri paco en Kambodja. La paco-sekuristi di Unioninta Nacioni envenis lando. Ye 1993 UN organizis unesma demokrat elekti parlamentala en Kambodja.

Nova rejimo di Kambodja deklaris en 1994 pri amnestio por la Reda Khmerani. Antea opozisti translacis su a rango rejimala ed ri-divenis agrokultivala rurani.

En 1998 Pol Pot mortis e la lasta partizaniestri kapitulacis. En 2003 UN e Kambodja aceptis kontrato pri specala tribunalo por krimini kontre homaneso.

Politiko
Geografio
Ekonomio
Demografio
Kulturo
Cetera aferi

-

ja:カンボジア
ko:캄보디아

ms:Kemboja

th:ประเทศกัมพูชา

zh-min-nan:Kampuchea

Kuwait

Kuwait esas mikra lando (17.818 km) en la Proxima Oriento an Persiana Gulfo.

La Araba nomo es Al Kuwait signifikante 'lo inkluzita'. Ico forsan referas Portugalana fuorto konstruktita ibe en la 16ma yar-cento.

Irak okupis Kuwait de 2 di agosto 1990 til fino februaro 1991.

ja:クウェート

ms:Kuwait

zh-cn:科威特

Libano
Libano esas mikra stato en esta rivo di Mediteraneo.

Oficala nomo: Al Jumuriya al Lubnaniya.

Chefurbo: Beirut (700.000)

- altra urbi: Tripoli (175.000)
Segun konstituciono: Republiko.

Surfaco: 10.400 km².

Lojanti (yaro): 3.700.000 (2004), 2.880.000 (1982).

Lingui: Araba (oficala)

- altra lingui uzata: Franca, Angla, Armena.
Religii:

- Kristani 39 % (le Maronito, le Katoliko, l’Ortodoxo).

- Islamisti 60 % (le Sunna, le Shi’a, Drusi).

ms:Lubnan

ja:レバノン

minnan:Lebanon

th:ประเทศเลบานอน

Maldivi
Maldivi esas republika insularo-stato en la Indiana Oceano.

La nomo dil insuli forsan devenas del Sanskrit-vorti malai signifikante 'monto', e dwipa signifikante 'insulo'.

- Chefurbo: Male.

- Surfaco: 298 km².

- Lojanti: 300.000 (ye 2004), 160.000 (ye 1982).

- Linguo: Divehi.

- Religio: Islamo.

- Pekunio: rupia.

- Chefa exportacaji: fishi e fisho-produkti.

Maledivi konsistas de 200 basa insuli ed atoli. Atoli di Maldivi de nordo a sudo esas sequanta: Haa Alifu, Haa Dhaalu, Shaviyani, Noonu, Raa, Lhaviyani, Baa, Ari, Male, Faafu, Vaavu, Dhaalu, Meenu, Thaa, Laamu, Gaafu Dhaalu, Gnaviyani, Seenu.

ms:Maldives

ja:モルディブ
ko:몰디브

th:ประเทศมัลดีฟส์

zh-min-nan:Maldives

Mongolia
Mongolia esas stato en nord Azia inter Chinia e Rusia

Chefurbo: Ulaan-Baator

Lojanti:

- sumo (yaro): 2.751.314 (2004)

- lojantala denseso: 1,7 km^{2

Surfaco: 1.565.500 km^{2
----
Historio
Politiko
Geografio
Ekonomio
Demografio
Kulturo
Cetera aferi

Phil Stanton
Blue Man Group is a creative organization centered on a trio of mute performers that present themselves in blue paint, latex bald caps, and black clothing. Friends Chris Wink, Matt Goldman and Phil Stanton (collectively referred to as CMP) conceived the idea during the 1980s while in New York City. They began appearing on the streets in Blue Man regalia, entertaining passersby and staging unusual events such as "The Funeral For the 80s." Originally appearing doing short bits as part of Tom Murrin's "The Alien Comic's" underground cabarets in "The CLUB" at La MaMa Experimental Theater Club, Meryl Vladimer, then Artistic Director of "The CLUB," liked what she saw in their work and comissioned Blue Man Group to create a full-length show. The resulting piece, "TUBES," took off after Vladimer persuaded New York Times critic Stephen Holden to review it. Wanting to move the show to La MaMa's Larger Annex Theater, Vladimer was told by Ellen Stewart that this type of work was fine for "The CLUB" but not appropriate for the Annex Theater. Blue Man Group's popularity continued to snowball, eventually winning CMP an Obie Award and a "Lucille Lortel" Award, which led producers to take the show to off-Broadway. "TUBES" opened in 1991 at the Astor Place Theater. This critically acclaimed show, as well as frequent appearances on The Tonight Show, enabled CMP and Blue Man Group team to open similar productions and expand their concepts into other kinds of performances.

Theatrical productions
Blue Man Group's theatrical acts incorporate rock music (with an emphasis on percussion), odd props, audience participation, sophisticated lighting, and large amounts of (recycled) paper. It is also noted for having a "poncho section" of the audience; in the front rows, audience members are provided with plastic ponchos in order to protect them from various foods, substances, paints, and so on, which get thrown, ejected, or sprayed from the stage. The shows are family-oriented, humorous, energetic and often employ thought-provoking satire on modern life. It is recommended that one does not arrive late for a performance.
List of theatrical productions

- "Tubes- Rewired" in New York at the Astor Place Theatre (1991—)

- "Tubes- Rewired" in Boston at the Charles Playhouse (1995—)

- "Tubes- Rewired" in Chicago at the Briar Street Theater (1997—)

- "Live at Luxor" in Las Vegas at the Luxor Hotel Theater (2000–September 2005)

- "bluephoria" in Las Vegas at The Venetian (October 2005—)

- Berlin at the Theater am Potsdamer Platz (2004—)

- Toronto at the Panasonic Theater (2005—)

- London at the New London Theatre (November 2005-)

Musical instruments
As the shows evolved, Blue Man Group developed a set of custom musical instruments, many designed from the observation that common materials, such as PVC pipes, make interesting noises when struck. The group has invented several different instruments used in their shows and audio recordings. Listed here are a few of the more common and well-known ones.

- PVC. The PVC is an instrument made out of 2" PVC pipe. The pipes are cut to exact lengths and the Blue Man plays the instrument by striking one of the open ends with a closed-cell foam rubber paddle. In the live shows, three separate PVC instruments are used, one for low, mid, and high octaves. This instrument also comes in a "backpack" variety for portability, which comes optionally equipped with confetti/streamer shooters. The "floor" PVC units are generally painted with phosphorescent dye invisible under normal lighting conditions, but of visibly different colors under ultraviolet light. During a performance, levels of such are generally adjusted to give the PVC the appearance of changing from white to colorful.

- Tubulum. Similar in concept to the PVC, the tubulum (tuːbˈ.juː.lʌm) uses 4" PVC pipe and has cardboard or rubber "reeds" on the end that are struck with drumsticks. (These drumsticks are held reversed; it is the handle of the stick striking the tubulum, not the head. This can be observed in a live performance of Your Attention, in which one Blue Man alternates between drums and a tubulum; he retains the same drumsticks, but flips them when moving between instruments.) This gives the tubulum a more "updated" sound than the PVC; in fact, the synthesizer-like sound quality of the instrument inspired Blue Man Group's cover of "I Feel Love" by Donna Summer. The tubulum is designed for playing bass notes, so the tubes must be sufficiently long to generate the low sounds. Because of the unavoidably large size of this instrument, the performance venues for the theatrical shows in New York, Boston, and Chicago are not physically large enough to contain it. A more compact tubulum was used on the Complex Rock Tour (& in the video for "I Feel Love"); the tubes twist around for extra length, below the frame that holds the tube "heads". A backpack tubulum, with the same streamer-launching abilities of the backpack PVC, is used in the Las Vegas, Berlin, and Toronto shows.

- Airpoles. Airpoles are hollow fiberglass boat antennae of various lengths. The instrument is sharply swung to create a "swoosh" sound. These instruments come in three varieties. Sword airpoles are short and held on the end like a sword. Wiper airpoles are longer versions of sword airpoles. Angel airpoles are very long and are held in the middle so that both ends move in unison to create rhythmic sounds. This is supposedly one of the most difficult Blue Man instruments to learn, as it requires very precise muscle control that can take a long time to develop. Unlike most of the other instruments listed here, airpoles were not, strictly speaking, invented; they were discovered when one of the founders of the group swung a boat antenna through the air while experimenting to find new instruments.

- Drumbone. The Drumbone is another instrument made from large-diameter PVC; this one uses two movable sections to alter the pitch. One Blue Man plays the instrument with drumsticks, another moves the horizontal slide, and the third Blue Man moves the vertical slide. The Drumbone is only used in the song of the same name, which is an audience favorite. Blue Man Group used a special Drumbone shaped like the number 4 for the Intel Pentium 4 commercials.

- Drumulum. The Drumulum (drʌmˈ.juː.lʌm) consists of a drum and a sliding PVC pipe (or "ulum") under the drum. The length of the tube determines the pitch of the drum.

- Hammered Dulcimer and Cimbalom. Although they are not inventions of the Blue Man Group, these instruments are played with drumsticks rather than the usual felt hammers. This gives the instrument a much move aggressive sound with a sharp attack. Because of the nature of Blue Man Group's music, only a few notes of each instrument tend to be used on any given performance; to minimize the odds of sour notes, multiple adjacent strings are generally tuned to the same note [http://www.bluemanlibrary.com/gallery1/displayimage.php?album=47&pos=7].

- Chapman Stick. Used in the backup band, the Stick is most notably heard in the "Mandelbrot" series of songs (of which there are 4), "Synaesthetic", and "Your Attention". In addition to "tapping" the instrument, the Stick player also "bows" the lowest two strings (with a .110 gauge bass string cut approx 10" long) in the "Mandelbrot" songs.

- Zither. Blue Man Group uses a custom-built electric zither, most notably in the chorus of the track "Sing Along". Along with the Chapman stick player & drummer(s), the zither player fills out the "basic" backup band for Blue Man Group. Another zither used is called the Pressaphonic, which has 86 strings & is played by pressing down on the strings with a glass slide. This instrument supplies the main riff in "Rods & Cones".

- Dogulum. This instrument is "played" by taking Chris Wink's dog and stroking him rhythmically until the dog enters a state of Zen-like complete contentment; the dog is then recorded, and the vibe is included on the album mix.

- Piano Smasher. The Piano Smasher is a piano stripped down to its frame and stood up on its side. It is played by hitting the strings with a large soft mallet, resulting in a clangy, almost discordant sound. In live performances, this instrument is generally played with a MIDI system, using sensors behind the strings, as the instrument goes out of tune very quickly. Each Piano Smasher is tuned to only one or two notes, as it would be otherwise impossible to get anything resembling a musical tone from the instrument.

- Shaker gong. A Shaker Gong is a matrix of ball bearings inside a steel casing, suspended from a frame by surgical tubing. It is struck with a mallet to produce a sharp, lingering sound vaguely reminiscent of a rattlesnake.

- Gyro Shot. This was a failed instrument from the Audio sessions. It consisted of ball bearings inside spinning tubes. Although it looked futuristic, the only sound Blue Man Group managed to get from it was a weak rain stick-like sound.

Music and tours
In 1999, the group released their first audio recording, appropriately called Audio. Although it contained the music from the venue production, it was less of a soundtrack and more a collection of full-length instrumentals that featured the new instruments. The group participated in Moby's Area2 tour in 2002, giving a more rock-oriented performance than in the theatrical shows. Songs developed during this tour appeared on 2003's The Complex. Unlike its predecessor, The Complex featured a variety of vocalists including Tracy Bonham, Dave Matthews, Gavin Rossdale and Venus Hum. The record spawned its own 2003 tour, the first headlined by the Blue Man Group. The tour cleverly deconstructed the traditional rock concert experience into its often clichèd parts and was later chronicled on DVD in 2004.

Appearances and other work
When Blue Man Group was still solely in New York, they ran a variety of fake advertisements in The Village Voice.

Since 1992, Blue Man Group has appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno 16 times, most recently in October 2005.

The group achieved widespread visibility when they appeared in an Intel advertising campaign for Pentium 3 and Pentium 4 CPUs as well as Centrino technology [http://www.ephinx.com/tvadverts/tvadvert.php?id=90 (Centrino advert)].

Blue Man Group also "appeared" on animated tv show The Simpsons as part of one of the couch gags, had guest appearances in The Drew Carey Show, and appeared in an informational video played continuously at security checkpoints in the Las Vegas airport. Throughout the entire second season of Arrested Development, a running subplot was that of Tobias Fünke (David Cross) attempting to join the group. The group themselves were featured at least once. The Blue Man Group was also parodied in the Family Guy movie, Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story where Peter mentions that he and Lois went to Las Vegas to see the "Jew Man Group".

In 2005, the group collaborated with artist David LaChapelle and produced several new images for upcoming ad campaigns, including their show "bluephoria" at the Venetian in Las Vegas. These images are radically different from any of the group's previous advertising and can now be see on the [http://www.blueman.com official webpage].

In December 2005, Blue Man Group appeared at the Royal Variety Performance in Cardiff, where they performed I Feel Love with Katherine Jenkins on vocals. They also created a piece of art by daubing comedian Joe Pasquale in paint, attaching him to a pulley, and swinging him against a large canvas.

Blue Man Group also provided music for two movies. "The Current" was featured on the soundtrack for Terminator 3 and they appeared on the score of 2005's Robots.

Community
Blue Man Group has a large following comprising a diverse group of fans from all over the world. The community is centered on the message boards on the [http://www.blueman.com/cgibin/fanboard/ultimatebb.cgi official website], as well as fan-based web sites like [http://www.bluemanlibrary.com Blue Man Library]. Blue Man Productions, the company responsible for Blue Man Group, has been extremely supportive of the fan community. Blue Man Group employees will often post messages exclusive to the fan base and participate in regularly scheduled chat sessions at [http://www.bluemanlibrary.com Blue Man Library].

Controversy
Announcing their debut in Toronto, Ontario in 2005, the Blue Man Group attracted considerable controversy for opting not to use unionized workers for their show, which many labor groups regarded as being highly unusual for a show of its size in Canada.

Their June 20, 2005 premiere in Toronto was picketed by members of the Canadian Actors' Equity Association, the Toronto Musicians' Association, and two locals of the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees.

Discography

Audio
100px

- Audio CD LP (1999)

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- Audio DVD-audio LP with 5.1 surround sound mix (2000)

The Complex
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- The Complex CD LP (2003)

100px

- The Complex DVD-audio LP with 5.1 surround sound mix (2004)

Videography
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- The Complex Rock Tour Live DVD (2003)

Side projects

- Uberschall

- Transit - [http://www.transitband.com (website)]

- Thirsty - [http://www.thristyband.com (website)]

- Red Means Go - [http://www.redmeansgo.net (website)]

- Troubadours - [http://www.downstateproductions.com (website)]

- The Job - [http://www.whatisthejob.com (website)]

- The Tiny Specks - [http://www.thetinyspecks.com (website)]

- Hot Fo' Gandhi - [http://www.hotfogandhi.com (website)]

External links

Official sites

- [http://www.blueman.com Blue Man Group] official web site

- [http://www.exhibit13.com Exhibit 13]

- [http://www.bluemancasting.com Blue Man Group Casting]

- [http://stores.musictoday.com/store/default.asp?band_id=430 Blue Man Store]

Fan sites

- [http://www.bluemanlibrary.com Blue Man Library] Official Fan Site

- [http://www.soniablue.com Soniablue.com]

- [http://www.bmgconstruction101.com/ BMG Construction 101] Instructions for building homemade Blue Man instruments

- [http://eternallyblue.com Eternallyblue Expressions]

Non-Fan sites

- [http://www.lyricsdir.com/blue-man-group-lyrics.html Blue Man Group Lyrics]

Category:Performance artistsCategory: People from New York City

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