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GermaniaGermania es stato in centra Europa. Jacas inter Dania en la nord, Polonia e Chekia en la est, Austria, Liechtenstein e Suisia en la sud, e Francia, Luxemburgia, Belgia e Nederlando en la west.
Chefurbo: Berlin
Lojanti:
- sumo (yaro): 82.544.000 (2003)
- lojantala denseso: 231 km2
Surfaco: 357.022 km2
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Historio
Politiko
Geografio
Parto-stati di Germania
Ekonomio
Demografio
Kulturo
Cetera aferi
als:Deutschland
ja:ドイツ
ko:독일
ms:Jerman
roa-rup:Ghirmânii
simple:Germany
th:สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี
zh-min-nan:Tek-kok
Europa:Europa esas anke la satelito di Jupitero.
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La bordi di Europa esas Atlantiko en westo, Arktika Oceano en nordo, montaro di Ural, rivero Ural e Kaspia Maro en esto e montaro di Kaukazia, Nigra Maro e Mediteraneo en sudo. Europa ed Azia formacas kune superkontinento Eurazia.
Eurazia
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Stati en Europa
Albania | Andora | Austria | Belgia | Bielorusia | Bosnia e Herzegovina | Bulgaria | Chekia | Dania | Estonia | Finlando | Francia | Germania | Grekia | Georgia | Hispania | Hungaria | Irlando | Islando | Italia | Kroatia | Latvia | Liechtenstein | Lituania | Luxemburgia | Macedonia | Malta | Moldavia | Monako | Nederlando | Norvegia | Polonia | Portugal | Rumania | Rusia | San Marino | Serbia e Montenegro | Slovakia | Slovenia | Suedia | Suisia | Ukrainia | Unionita Rejio | Vatikano
Turkia jacas en Europa ed Azia.
Altra loki
Abhazia | Adjaria | Andaluzia | Anglia | Aragon | Balkania | Baltiko | Bavaria | Bohemia | Bretonia | Britania | Bukovina | Chechenia | Chuvasia | Dagestan | Flandria | Frizia | Galisia | Gibraltar | Holando | Iberia | Ingushia | Kalmukia | Karintia | Kastilia | Katalunia | Kaukazia | Kornwal | Kosovo | Krimea | Laponia | Moravia | Nord-Irlando | Nord-Osetia | Normandia | Okcitania | Saxonia | Silezia | Skandinavia | Skotia | Sud-Osetia | Wals
Historiala nomi
Chekoslovakia | Gallia | Helvetia | Prusia | Soviet-Uniono, Sovietia | Yugoslavia
Monti e montari
Alpi | Apenini | Karpati | Kaukazo | Blanka Monto | Olimpo | Pirenei | Uralo
Riveri e fluvii
Danubio | Rheno | Volga
Mari e.c.
Adriatiko | Arktika Oceano | Atlantiko | Baltika Maro | Blanka Maro | Egea Maro | Kanalo | Kaspia Maro | Maro di Irlando | Nigra Maro | Mediteraneo | Gibraltar-stretajo
Insuli
Acori | Ålando | Baleari | Dardaneli | Eolia-insuli | Faero | Hebridi | Jersey | Korsika | Madeira | Man-Insulo | Mayorka | Minorka | Sardinia | Sicilia
Category:KontinentiCategory:Europa
als:Europa
ja:ヨーロッパ
ko:유럽
ms:Eropah
roa-rup:Evropa
simple:Europe
th:ทวีปยุโรป
zh-min-nan:Europa
Polonia
Polonia esas un ek maxim granda stati en Est-Europa. Vicina landi esas en westo Germania e Chekia, en sudo Slovakia, en esto Ukrainia, Bielorusia e Lituania e areo di Kaliningrad (di Rusia). Polonia jacas che sudala rivo di Baltika Maro, e dop maro en nordo esas Bornholm (di Dania) e Suedia.
- Chefurbo: Warszawa (1.676.000 habitanti)
- Habitanti (yaro): 38.626.349 (2004)
- Areo: 312.685 km2
Historio
Politiko
Geografio
Ekonomiko
L' ekonomiala kresko ye 2004 esis 5,3 %.
Demografio
Ye 2004 de Poloniani 97 % esis Poloni, 1,3 % Germani, 0,6 % Ukraini, 0,5 % Bielorusi. Urbani de la populo esis 61,9 %.
Kulturo
Sights
Image:Varsovie04-32.jpg|Warszawa
Image:Warsaw modern buildings.jpg|Warszawa
Image:Wilanow palace.jpg|Warszawa
Image:Warsaw palace.jpg|Warszawa
Image:Warszawa Namiestnikowski.png|Warszawa
Image:Warszawa Copernicus.png|Warszawa
Image:Warsaw church.jpg|Warszawa
Image:Warsaw church1.jpg|Warszawa
Image:Krakow_Sukiennice.jpg|Kraków
Image:Piazza_del_Mercato_di_Cracovia.JPG|Kraków
Image:Krakow-Wawel-Courtyard.jpg|Kraków
Image:Krakow-Wawel_cathedral.jpg|Kraków
Image:Kalplica wawel.jpg|Kraków
Image:Krakow nagrobek Kazimierza W.jpg|Kraków
Image:Krakau_PeteruPaul.jpg|Kraków
Image:Krakow_Boze_Cialo-2.jpg|Kraków
Image:Teatr Slowackiego.JPG|Kraków
Image:Gothic altar veit stoss.jpg|Kraków
Image:Pl-gdansk-neptun2004.jpg|Gdańsk
Image:ZURAW-Gdansk 2004 ubt.jpeg|Gdańsk
Image:Bazylika mariacka gdansk ubt.jpeg|Gdańsk
Image:Gdansk Radhuset.jpg|Gdańsk
Image:Oliwa kathedraal.jpg|Gdańsk
Image:Wroclaw 1.jpg|Wrocław
Image:Breslau-rathaus.jpg|Wrocław
Image:Wroclaw-Katedra-3.jpg|Wrocław
Image:Wroclaw-AulaLeopoldina4.jpg|Wrocław
Image:Torun-Rynek-ratusz-2.jpg|Toruń
Image:Torun-palac-dambskich.jpg|Toruń
Image:Ratusz Poznan od Wielkiej.jpg|Poznań
Image:Poznan Fara 106-07.jpg|Poznań
Image:Lublin Archikatedra.jpg|Lublin
Image:Bydgoszcz Spichrze.jpg|Bydgoszcz
Image:Rogalin palac (1).jpg|Rogalin
Image:Pulawy palac czartoryskich.jpg|Puławy
Image:Poland - Ksiaz castle.jpg|Książ
Image:Zamek w Pszczynie003 kpjas.jpg|Pszczyna
Image:Jasna Góra 20050919.JPG|Częstochowa
Image:Kielce palace 2.jpg|Kielce
Image:Zamosc ratusz.jpg |Zamość
Image:Poland Baranow - Castle.jpg|Baranów Sandomierski
Image:Kazimierz Dolny (kamienica pod sw Mikolajem i Krzysztofem) 01.jpg|Kazimierz Dolny
Image:Janowiec dziedziniec.jpg|Janowiec
Image:Nowy Wiśnicz.jpg|Nowy Wiśnicz
Image:Ogrodzieniec.jpg|Ogrodzieniec
Image:Rzeszów zamek 2004b.jpg|Rzeszów
Image:Malbork zamek zblizenie.jpg|Malbork
Image:Poland Frombork - Cathedral Hill.jpg|Frombork
Image:Golub-Dobrzyn2.jpg|Golub-Dobrzyń
Image:Kwidzyn zamek.JPG|Kwidzyn
Image:Moszna zamek4.jpg|Moszna
Image:Tatry Panorama01xxx.jpg|Tatry
ja:ポーランド
ms:Poland
simple:Poland
zh-min-nan:Polska
Austria
Austria (en Germana: Österreich) jacas en central Europa. Ol havas non parto-stati. Lua vicina landi esas en westo Liechtenstein e Suisia, en sudo Italia, en esto Hungaria e Slovakia, en nordo Germania e Chekia.
Bazala fakti pri Austria
Historio
Politiko
Geografio
Ekonomio
Demografio
(
- ) nur en Burgenland.
Kulturo
Cetera aferi
[http://www.winterreisen.de Austria]
Category:Europa
als:Österreich
ja:オーストリア
ko:오스트리아
ms:Austria
simple:Austria
th:ประเทศออสเตรีย
zh-min-nan:Tang-kok
SuisiaChef-urbo: Bern/Berne
Lojanti:
- sumo (yaro): 7.261.200 (2001)
- lojanto-denseso: 176 km2
Surfaco: 41.285 km2
Zürich - Genève
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Historio
Politiko
Geografio
Ekonomio
Demografio
Kulturo
Cetera aferi
- Alleingang = la solitarala voyo
- Röstigraben = la linguala frontiero
- Sonderfall = l'exceptajo
Ligili adextere
- [http://www.admin.ch/ oficiala sito di la Confederuro]
- [http://www.picswiss.ch/ plu 5.000 fotografuri pri Suisia]
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als:Schweiz
ja:スイス
ko:스위스
ms:Switzerland
simple:Switzerland
th:ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์
zh-min-nan:Sūi-se
LuxemburgiaChef-urbo: Luxemburg
Lojanti:
- sumo : 442.972
- lojanto-denseso: 171 km2
Surfaco: 2.586 km2
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Historio
La nomo devenas del anciena Saxona vorti lytel es burh signifkante 'mikra urbo'. La dukio nomesis pro la urbo.
Politiko
Geografio
Ekonomio
Demografio
Kulturo
Cetera aferi
ja:ルクセンブルク
ko:룩셈부르크
ms:Luxembourg
nb:Luxembourg
simple:Luxembourg
Nederlando
Historio
Politiko
Geografio
Image:NL_landomapo.jpg
Ekonomio
Demografio
Kulturo
Ligili
- http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Dutch Nederlando for English speakers (de Wikibooks)
Cetera aferi
ja:オランダ
ko:네덜란드
ms:Belanda
simple:Netherlands
Parto-stati di Germania
#Baden-Württemberg
#Bavaria
#Berlin (urbo-stato)
#Brandenburg
#Bremen (urbo-stato)
#Hamburg (urbo-stato)
#Hessen
#Infra-Sachsen
#Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
#Nordrhein-Westfalen
#Rheinland-Pfalz
#Saarland
#Sachsen
#Sachsen-Anhalt
#Schleswig-Holstein
#Thüringen
Omna, ecepte Schleswig-Holstein, havas konstituca korto.
La nombro di reprezenti en asemblo Bundesrat varias de tri til sis segun la populaciono di stato (Land).
ko:독일의 행정 구역
ja:ドイツの地方行政区分
simple:States of Germany
Jonas of BobbioJonas of Bobbio (Jonas Bobiensis; Susa; Roman Sigusia, Piedmont, ca. 600 – after 659) was a Benedictine monk and writer of hagiography, among which his Life of Saint Columbanus is outstanding.
In 618, Jonas arrived at the monastery of Bobbio in the province of Pavia, just three years after the death of its founder Columbanus, and he asserted that he had based his account of the great Irish saint on the testimony of persons who had known him intimately. "As is usual in such biographies, the miracles are numerous; for the contemporaries these formed the most valuable portions; for modern students they are full of instruction, and throw much light on the daily life of the monks" (Munro 1895). The monastery was a center of Early Medieval learning, supported by a library that was outstanding in its day. Jonas was appointed to a position of confidence, probably that of secretary to the abbots Attala (died 627) and to his successor Bertulf, whom Jonas accompanied on a journey to Rome in 628. Right after his return he moved to Gaul, for his life of Eustace, abbot of Luxueil, (died 629), reflects personal acquaintance.
Appealed to by Saint Amand for assistance in his missionary work among the pagans of what is now Belgium and northern France, which occasioned his vita of St. Vedastes (Vaast), the first Frankish Bishop of Arras. In fulfillment of a promise made to the Black Monks of Bobbio during a short return visit to the monastery in 639, he wrote between 640 and 643 his principal work, the Life of St. Columbanus.'
In 659, when he was sent by the Queen-Regent Balthild on a mission to Châlon-sur-Saône, he was referred to as " abbot", though of which monastery it cannot now be determined. During this journey he sojourned for a few days at the monastery of St. John of Réomé (Reomans, now Moustier-Saint-Jean) in the diocese of Langres. To comply with a request made by the monks on this occasion he wrote the life of their founder.
The other works of Jonas are lives of the abbots Attala and Bertulf of Bobbio, of abbot Eustace of Luxeuil, an abbey founded by Columban that retained close personal ties with Bobbio, and of the Abbess Burgundofara (or Fara) of Evoriac (modern Faremoutiers).
Eustace, Attala, and Bertulf, he knew personally. Bede incorporated these lives into his Ecclesiastical History, while Flodoard turned that of St. Columbanus into hexameter verse. The "Life of St. Fara" is chiefly an account of miraculous events alleged to have occurred during this saint's rule at Evoriac, but Jonas' elaborate and fantastically miraculous account contains nuggets of historical information that throw precious light upon a poorly-documented time.
The works of Jonas, exclusive of the "Life of St. Vaast," are printed in Pat.Lat. LXXXVII, 1011-88; a better edition by Krusch is in Monumenta Germ. Hist.: Script. Rer. Mer., III, 406-13, 505-17; IV, 61-152 (Hannover, 1896 and 1902).
External links
- [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08498a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia 1908]; "Jonas of Bobbio"
- [http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/encyc/encyc06/htm/iii.lvii.cii.htm Philip Schaff, editor. The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. VI:] "Jonas of Bobbio"
- [http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/j/Jonas_v_b.shtml Christoph Dröge in Biographisch-Bibliographische Kirchenlexikon:] "Jonas von Bobbio" (in German)
- [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/columban.html Medieval Sourcebook:] The Life of St. Columban, by the Monk Jonas Introduction by D.C. Munro, in Translations and Reprints... University of Pennsylvania, ii. 7, Philadelphia, 1895
Category:600s births
Category:7th century deaths
Category:Natives of Piedmont
Category:Benedictines
Category:Middle Ages
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