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Lavender Tower

Lavender Tower

The Lavender Tower is a location in Lavender Town in the Kanto region of the Pokémon universe. It contains many Ghost Pokémon such as Gastly, Haunter, and Gengar. However, you need to get the Silph Scope from Giovanni at the Celadon Game Corner basement to see the Ghost Pokémon correctly.

Lavender Town

Lavender Town (Shion Town (シオンタウン Shion Taun) in the original Japanese) is a fictional town in the eastern part of the Kanto region of the Pokémon universe mainly characterised by the Pokémon Tower. Pokémon In the Red and Blue versions, it is a tall tower filled with the graves of Pokémon that have died (even though the player's Pokémon never die). You can find Gastly and Haunter in the Red and Blue Versions and also Cubone in Yellow version. There are many Channellers that have been possessed and will fight you with their ghost Pokémon. On the fifth floor a Channeller lucky enough not to be possessed has sealed a section with white magic. Stepping in this section will heal your Pokémon. A Lv. 30 Marowak (which cannot be caught) spirit will challenge you on the sixth floor after you have retrieved the Silph Scope from the Rocket Game Corner in Celadon City. Five Rockets will challenge you on the seventh floor in the Red and Blue versions before you can rescue Mr. Fuji. In the Pokémon Yellow version Jessie and James will challenge you first. In the Gold and Silver and Crystal versions, the tower was replaced by a radio tower, and the Pokémon graves were moved.

Happier Music

The Radio Tower's influence in GSC has made the music much happier than when Pokémon Tower influenced Lavender Town.

Mr. Fuji and the PokéFlute

After rescuing Mr. Fuji from Pokémon Tower, he will return home to the Lavender Volunteer Pokémon House, a somewhat small daycare for Pokémon. He will thank you for helping him and bestow upon you the PokéFlute. This item not only allows the awakening of the two Snorlaxes in Kanto, but it also revives your Pokémon from Sleep during battle.

The Name Rater

In Pokémon FireRed and LeafGreen, there is a house south of the Lavender Volunteer Pokémon House that belongs to a man who rates the nicknames of your Pokémon. This is the only place where you can choose to change the nickname of your Pokémon other than when you catch it. If you do not like the nickname you gave it, you are free to change it at anytime you are in town. However, you cannot change the nickname of a Pokémon received in a trade.

References

- [http://www.pokemon.com The official Pokémon website]
- [http://www.serebii.net Well-known Pokémon website] Category:Pokémon towns and cities

Pokémon

right Pokémon (ポケモン Pokemon, / pronounced /, although frequently, and even intentionally mispronounced //), is a video game franchise, created by Satoshi Tajiri and published by Nintendo for several of their systems, most importantly the Game Boy. It has been merchandised into anime, manga, trading cards, toys, and much more. The name Pokémon is a portmanteau of the words "pocket monsters" (ポケットモンスター Poketto Monsutā), which is its Japanese name. Pokémon is also the collective name for the fictional creatures within the Pokémon universe. The franchise has 386 unique monsters that lie at the heart of the Pokémon series (391 including currently known Pokémon from future games). These figures have grown from the 151 monsters - including the almost unobtainable Mew - from the original games.

Origins

MewThe concept of Pokémon evolved from insect collecting, a simple pastime many Japanese children (including Pokémon's creator, Satoshi Tajiri, as a child) had enjoyed in the past. The Pokémon games allowed players to catch, collect, and train pets with various abilities, and battle them against each other to build their strength and evolve them into more powerful Pokémon. The Pokémon creatures never bleed or die, only faint. The game's catchphrase in the English versions of the franchise used to be "Gotta catch 'em all!", although it is now no longer officially used.

Generations

All of the licensed Pokémon properties overseen by the Pokémon Company are divided roughly by generation. There have been four generations, defined by the Pokémon which appear therein. Each of these generations has been first introduced in a pair of Pokémon video games for the Game Boy or its successors (including the Nintendo DS), beginning with Pokémon Red and Blue. Each generation introduces a slew of new Pokémon and a handful of new general concepts, usually without replacing any old Pokémon or concepts. These generations are roughly chronological divisions; a handful of Pokémon from a subsequent generation appear in the anime, manga, or trading card game before the main Game Boy games which demarcate the generation are released, but the anime, manga, and even (of late) the card game divides itself into sagas or generations by the same scheme as the games. Some of the general concepts were introduced elsewhere, before being introduced in the games. Two-on-two battles appeared in the anime long before appearing in the games, and Pokémon Abilities are similar to Pokémon Powers, introduced long before in the Pokémon Trading Card Game

First generation

Introduced in Pokémon Red and Blue. It introduced the original 151 Pokémon, as well as the basic concepts of trading and battling Pokémon. In Japan the first generation was Pokémon Green and Red instead of the American Red and Blue.

Second generation

Introduced in Pokémon Gold and Silver. This generation introduced an additional one hundred Pokémon, as well as the concept of equipping Pokémon with items, breeding Pokémon and baby Pokémon. Two new Pokémon types, the Steel and Dark types, were also introduced.

Third generation

Introduced in Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire, this generation added another 135 Pokémon, as well as Pokémon Abilities (always-on special innate abilities), Pokémon Contests , and two-on-two Pokémon battles.

Fourth generation

Slated to be introduced in Pokémon Diamond and Pearl for the Nintendo DS. A handful of new Pokémon from this generation have made cameo appearances in the seventh and eighth Pokémon movies (Pokémon: Destiny Deoxys and Mew and the Wave Guiding Hero: Rukario, respectively), as well as promotional materials for Pokémon XD and Pokémon: Fushigi no Dungeon Blue & Red.

Video games

Pokémon XD Main article: Pokémon (video games) The original Pokémon games were Japanese role-playing games with an element of strategy, and were created by Satoshi Tajiri for the Game Boy. These role-playing games (and their sequels, remakes and English language translations) are still considered the "main" Pokémon games, and the games which most fans of the series are referring to when they use the term "Pokémon games." These games have sold over 100 million copies to date, not counting the ones released for home consoles (such as the Nintendo 64 and the Nintendo GameCube). This makes it the second biggest-selling games franchise ever (after Nintendo's Mario series). The first games in the series were Pokémon Red and Blue (Red and Green in Japan, followed by a Blue, and a special edition Yellow version). These games were nearly identical, save for the fact that each version had a select group of Pokémon that the other version did not. The ultimate goal of these games was to catch at least one member of all the different species of Pokémon (150 at the time, 151 including one that could not be obtained during regular gameplay), and to do so, players had to trade for Pokémon not available in the version they had. While battling monsters is nothing new to RPGs, many players found themselves nearly addicted to finding, fighting, and capturing every Pokémon in the game. Another, perhaps easier, goal was to finish the game's storyline by becoming the Pokémon League Champion. This was done by collecting eight Gym Badges by beating the eight Gym Leaders and then defeating the Elite Four, plus the current League Champion. Each generation of Pokémon games so far has followed a pattern of two complementing versions followed later by at least one other version with some extras. Pokémon Red and Blue were followed by Pokémon Yellow (in Japan, Red and Green were followed by Blue which was subsequently followed by Yellow). Gold and Silver were followed by the exclusively Game Boy Color version, Crystal. The Game Boy Advance first saw the release of Ruby and Sapphire. The most recent full fledged game has been Fire Red and Leaf Green which are remakes of Red and Blue. A third version of Ruby and Sapphire, called Pokémon Emerald, was released on May 1, 2005. The series has also diversified into various spin-offs, such as pinball games, virtual pets, simulated photography, and racing. A handful of these spinoffs are remade in subsequent "generations"; for example, Pokémon Pinball: Ruby and Sapphire is very similar to Pokémon Pinball but with newer Pokémon, and Pokémon Stadium 2 is largely identical to Pokémon Stadium but for the compatibility with Pokémon Gold and Silver. The most recent game to be released was Pokémon XD for the GameCube. It came out on October 3rd, 2005. A number of Pokémon games are currently in development. They include:
- Pokémon Diamond and Pearl - Nintendo DS, 2006
- Pokémon Mysterious Dungeon Red Rescue Force and Blue Rescue Force, for GBA and DS respectively, 2005
Appearances in Super Smash Bros.
Two of the most popular Pokémon, Pikachu and Jigglypuff, were chosen to appear as two of the 12 characters in Nintendo's party/fighting game Super Smash Bros., which was released in 1999 for the Nintendo 64. Pikachu appeared as an initially available character while Jigglypuff was an unlockable one. The pair returned in the 2001 GameCube sequel, Super Smash Bros. Melee. They kept their positions, Pikachu was still an initial character while Jigglypuff was still an unlockable character, but two new Pokémon also appeared (joining Jigglypuff as unlockable characters: Mewtwo and Pichu.) In both games, many different Pokémon can be used in a match by throwing the Pokéball item. A randomly-chosen Pokémon is released from the Pokéball, using one of its attacks to affect other players. In Super Smash Bros. Melee, the player can collect many different trophies of a variety of characters from numerous Nintendo games, including several Pokémon characters. The next Super Smash Bros. game expected to feature Pokémon will be on the Nintendo Revolution in which Nintendo has already announced the new Super Smash Bros. Revolution. However, details of this game are still relatively unknown.
Pokémon on the Nintendo Revolution
Pokémon for the new Nintendo Revolution has currently not been announced by Nintendo. However, Nintendo has produced a demo for the Nintendo Revolution (exclusive only to major game related companies such as GameSpot and IGN) known as the "Big Pokémon Hunter" game where the goal was to zoom with the controller and find different Pokémon. The review of this demo is currently available at [http://hardware.gamespot.com/Story-ST-15143-2567-x-x-x&body_pagenum=2 GameSpot] as well as many other sites.
Anime Series
IGN Main article: Pokémon (anime) There are several Pokémon anime series based on the video games.
The Original Series
The first, and the more familiar one, Pokémon or Pocket Monsters (often referred to as Pokémon: Gotta Catch Em All to distinguish it from the later series) tells the adventures of Ash Ketchum (Satoshi in the original Japanese version) as he travels through Kanto, the Orange Islands, Johto and Hoenn to become the greatest Pokémon Master. This series is based on the first and second generation games.
"Advanced Generation"
The saga continues into Pocket Monsters Advanced Generation (in Japan) where Ash and company travel to Hoenn, a southern region in the Pokémon World. Ash takes on the role of a teacher and mentor for a younger, beginner Pokémon trainer in this series. This series is based on the third generation games. After this series Ash will go back to his home region of Kanto and visit new areas around there with the current team and Misty will meet him through this part of the journey as they go to the Kanto contests and the Battle Frontier.
Spin-off Series
A spin-off series, entitled Shu-kan Pokémon Ho-so-kyoku is a spinoff of the first, and tells the adventures within the continuity of Pocket Monsters Advanced Generation, starring many of the recurring characters in Pocket Monsters. The English adaptation of this series, Pokémon Chronicles, combines the episodes from this series as well as various other made-for-TV specials (originally unrelated to Housoukyoku) that have aired in Japan but not translated for English release.
The Future
With the planned release of the fourth generation games for 2006, a follow-up to the Advanced Generation saga based on those games is expected. It is said to be titled Pokémon Ranger.
Others
There is also a television program in Japan titled Pokémon Sunday, a live action Pokémon-themed variety show hosted by the Pokémon Research Team.
English Language Adaptations
In the English language release, the original series was split into four separate series spanning five seasons while Advanced Generation was split into separate series. Two series from Advanced Generation have been aired, with the third series currently airing in the United States and elsewhere. The English adaptation can be seen on Kids WB in the United States. In other countries the English language adaptations air on the following channels:
- YTV in Canada
- Sky One in the United Kingdom
- RTE2 in Ireland
- Kids Central in Singapore
- Channel Ten's Cheez TV and Cartoon Network/Toonami in Australia Housoukyoku originally aired on TV Tokyo but has since ended its run, while Chronicles can be seen in the United Kingdom on Toonami UK as of May 2005, Sunday is seen only on TV Tokyo and likely will not air in the US or Canada.
Card game
TV Tokyo Main article: Pokémon (card game) The Pokémon Trading Card Game is a collectible card game based on Pokémon, first introduced to North America in 1999, and in Japan at an earlier date. Initially, it was published by Wizards of the Coast, the company most famous for Magic: The Gathering. However, with the release of Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire Game Boy video games, Nintendo took back the card game from Wizards of the Coast and started publishing the cards themselves. The latest incarnations of the card games is known as Pokémon-e Trading Card Game, the cards of which (for the large part) are compatible with the Nintendo e-Reader. In 1998, Nintendo released a Game Boy Color version of the trading card game. This game included digital versions cards from the original set of cards and the first two expansion (Jungle and Fossil), but also included several cards exclusive to the game.
Manga
There are various Pokémon manga series, four of which were released in English by Viz Communications, and seven of them released in English by Chuang Yi.
Manga released in English

- Pokémon (The Electric Tale of Pikachu a.k.a Dengeki Pikachu), a sho-nen manga created by Toshihiro Ono. It was divided into four tanko-bon, each with four separate titles in North American and the English Singapore versions: The Electric Tale of Pikachu, Pikachu Shocks Back, Electric Pikachu Boogaloo, and Surf's Up, Pikachu. The series is based mostly on the anime.
- Pokémon Adventures, a sho-nen manga based on the video games.
- Magical Pokémon Journey (a.k.a. Pokémon: PiPiPi Adventures), a sho-jo manga
- Pikachu Meets the Press (newspaper style comics, not released by Chuang Yi)
- Ash & Pikachu (a.k.a. Satoshi to Pikachu, not released by Viz)
- Pokémon Gold & Silver (not released by Viz)
- Pokémon Ruby-Sapphire and Pokémon Pocket (not released by Viz)
- Pokémon: Jirachi Wishmaker (not released by Viz)

Manga not released in English

- Pokémon Card Ni Natta Wake (How I Became a Pokémon Card) by Kagemaru Himeno, an artist for the TCG. There are six volumes and each includes a special promotional card. The stories tell the tales of the art behind some of Himeno's cards (the tale of Persian from the Jungle set is particularly popular).
- Pokémon Getto Da ze! by Satomi Nakamura
- Poketto Monsutaa Chamo Chamo Puritei by Yumi Tsukirino, who also made Magical Pokémon Journey.
- Pokémon Zensho

Pokémon Live

Pokémon Zensho A live action show called Pokémon Live! toured the United States in late 2000. It was based on the popular Pokémon anime, and was well-liked among some fans of the franchise (in spite of some continuity errors relating to the anime). In late 2002, it was scheduled to tour Europe, but was cancelled for unknown reasons.

Cultural Influence

Europe, is probably the most well-known Pokémon species.]] Pokémon, being a popular franchise, has undoubtedly left its mark on pop-culture. The Pokémon characters themselves have become pop-culture icons; examples include the Pikachu balloon at a Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, thousands of merchandise items, and in 2005, a theme park in Nagoya, Japan. The prone-to-offend cartoon South Park spoofed Pokémon in Episode 310, entitled "Chinpokomon" ("chinpoko" is Japanese slang for penis), in which the executives behind it were revealed to be Japanese ultra nationalists bent on avenging Japan's admitted defeat in World War II. Several shows such as The Simpsons have made references to Pokémon (among other anime series) in their series. Because of the unprecedented popularity of the franchise, Nintendo formed a subsidiary company called The Pokémon Company to handle the franchise. The subsidiary handles everything from publishing the games in Japan to running the official merchandise stores, the Pokémon Centers. The Pokémon Company in turn has a U.S. based subsidiary called Pokémon USA, of which a minority owner is 4Kids Entertainment, the international distributors (outside Japan) (excluding Korea whose distributor is Daiwon C&A Holdings) of the popular Pokémon anime series.

Controversy and Criticism

See also Jynx (Pokémon) and Kadabra for specific controversial Pokémon designs, and Banned episodes of Pokémon for controversies related to specific episodes. As with other pop culture icons, Pokémon has received its fair share of controversy and critisism.
Religion

Christianity
Some Protestant Christian groups in the United States believe Pokémon to be Satanic in origin[http://www.cephasministry.com/save_our_children_pokemon_booklet.html]. After the US release of Pokémon Yellow, there was a sudden widespread criticism of it passed through Christian congregations primarily by word-of-mouth. The claimed parallels between Pokémon and Satanism include:
- Pokémon parallel demons. They are captured and must be invoked to perform tasks.
- Magical "talismans" (gym badges) are necessary to control many of them.
- "Magical" stones are used to evolve certain Pokémon
- Pokémon "evolve." Evolution precludes literal creationism, therefore Pokémon denies some forms of Biblical interpretation.
- Many Pokémon have paranormal or psychic powers. These powers are not derived from God and therefore must stem from Satan.
- Many Pokémon embody or practice Asian spiritual and mystical concepts. For example, some practice martial arts, which some Christian groups denounce as gateway to pagan religions. The game world also incorporates Asian traditions about elemental forces. Also, when the main theme song for the television show is sung in English, the lyrics "gotta catch em all" are alleged to say "I love Satan" or "oh Satan" when played backwards, which is known as "backmasking". This has left some Christians and Christian organizations believing that Pokémon subliminally encourages Satanism. However, backmasking in general is highly controversial and debatable, leaving room for much skepticism. Still, most people (including many Asian Christian congregations) dismiss these claims to be nonsense, and attribute many of the alleged protests to urban legend. The surprisingly small amount of original protests (as opposed to reports of protests) seem to reinforce this belief. It would be incorrect to state that the Christian religious community is of a single mind in this matter, since most mainstream sects of Christianity are utterly indifferent to Pokémon. The alleged outcry was enough to move the Holy See to comment, in an official statement on April 21 2000: :The Vatican has announced that the trading-card and computer-game versions of Pokémon are "full of inventive imagination," have no "harmful moral side effects" and celebrate "ties of intense friendship." Whether that extends to the TV show, His Holiness didn't say. The New York Post, quoting a Thursday story in The Times of London, says The Vatican made its announcement on its satellite TV station, Sat2000, run by the Italian Bishops' Conference.-from the New York Times There are also allegations, particularly among Christians, against "Pokémon" citing liberal views on morality. These include the immodest dress of some of the female characters in the show, the use of the phrase "kick your ass" (in actuality, "kick your Grass", referring to a type of Pokémon) in the lyrics of a song in the show, though the phrase was later removed and replaced with different lyrics, and a certain character, ("James"), wearing women's clothes in several episodes of the show, giving some the impression that he is a transvestite.
Judaism
Pokémon has been criticised by some members of the Jewish community for its use of the swastika, the most widely known symbol of Nazism, which they hold is inappropriate for children's toys. Nintendo says that this is a matter of cultural misunderstanding, as the swastika has been used in East Asian cultures as a symbol for "good fortune" by the Buddhist religion for thousands of years. Even today in Japan, the swastika is not necessarily associated with Nazism, and most Japanese maps still use little clockwise swastikas, or "manji", to indicate the location of Buddhist temples. The manji was shown only on a Japanese version card and was excluded from the North American release. However, these Jewish groups attacked the Japanese version distributed in the U.S. by unauthorized import, even though the manji symbol is reversed (i.e., clockwise rather than counter-clockwise) in relation to the swastika or Hakenkreuz used by the Nazi party, colloquially and incorrectly termed simply "the swastika" in the West. As a result of this controversy Nintendo stopped using this symbol even in the Japanese version. [http://www.adl.org/presrele/Mise_00/3511_00.asp] This raised a public backlash in Japan for being intolerant towards the symbols of the Buddhist religion for the sake of avoiding controversy.
Islam
Pokémon has only belatedly made its way to the Islamic world, at this point, in Saudi Arabia. Few Muslim officials now claim that the word "Pokémon" means "I am a Jew" in Japanese, and believe the toy craze is part of a Jewish-Zionist conspiracy to turn Arab children away from Islam. The driving point behind this factor is the belief that the trading card game promotes gambling with cards. This declaration is been made official by Mufti, the most influential conservative religious group in Saudi Arabia. In most other moderate Islamic countires it poses no threat. Despite assurances from the Nintendo that the trade name stands for "Pocket Monsters," the video games and related items have been stripped from store shelves in Saudi Arabia and turned away at ports. Schools in Saudi Arabia have set up collection points to turn in clothing decorated with Pokémon figures. A fatwa, or religious edict, issued by a Saudi sheik urges all Muslims to beware of the game, noting that most of the cards bear "six-pointed stars, a symbol of international Zionism and the state of Israel."
Health
Main article: Banned episodes of Pokémon: Electric Soldier Porygon On December 16,1997, 685 Japanese children were admitted to hospital with convulsive epileptic seizures. It was determined that the seizures were caused by watching an episode of Pokémon,「でんのうせんしポリゴン」(Dennou senshi Porygon, or "Electric Soldier Porygon"). In this particular episode, there were bright explosions with rapidly-alternating blue and red color patterns. It was determined in subsequent research that these strobing light effects cause some individuals to have epileptic seizures, even if they haven't had any previous history of epilepsy. As a consequence, many video game makers (including Nintendo) added warning labels to their video game products (or made pre-existing labels more prominent), warning that exposure to video games may trigger seizures in individuals vulnerable to photosensitive epilepsy. [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/06/990601080722.htm]
Miscellaneous
photosensitive epilepsy) Airport]] A mammalian oncogene was named "Pokemon" [http://www.mskcc.org/mskcc/html/54387.cfm] (no aigu accent on the e) by its discoverers. This name is apparently an acronym for "POK Erythroid Myeloid ONtogenic" factor (a cancer causing agent), so the name could be either a backronym or simply coincidence. The name has since been changed to "Zbtb7" officially.
See also

Miscellanea

- List of Pokémon
- Pokémon (anime)
- List of Pokémon name origins
- Banned episodes of Pokémon
- Pokémon Chronicles
- List of Pokémon episodes
- List of Pokémon video games
- Cultural references in Pokémon
- List of Pokémon References or Spoofs
- Poké Ball
- Pokémon evolution
- Pokémon types
- Pokémon Adventures
- Pokémon (card game)
- mon (monster)
Regions

- Kanto
- Johto
- Hoenn
- Orre
- Orange Islands
- Sevii Islands
Criticism

- Allegations of Satanism in popular culture
External links

Official Websites

- [http://www.pokemon.co.jp Pokémon Japan]
- [http://www.pokemon-tcg.com pokémon TCG Game]
- [http://www.pokemon.com Pokémon.com]
- [http://www.pokemon-games.com Pokémon Games]
- [http://pokemon.nintendo.co.uk Pokémon Europe]
- [http://www.pokepark.jp/en/index.html The Pokémon Park in Nagoya, Japan]
Fansites

- [http://www.pkmn.net/ PKMN.NET] (often shortened to "PUK")
- [http://psypokes.com/ Psypoke]
- [http://pokedream.com/ Pokemon Dream]
- [http://www.bulbagarden.net/ Bulbasaur's Mysterious Garden] (often shortened to "Bulbagarden")
- [http://www.serebii.net/index2.shtml Serebii's Pokémon Page] (often referred to as "Serebii.net")
- [http://pokemonpalace.net Pokemon Palace Network]
- [http://sivph.com Seafoam Island]
- [http://pokedrome.com Pokemon Gaming Sphere]
- [http://pokejungle.net PokéJungle Network]
- [http://http://ace.pixelatedempire.net/ Ace of Abra]
Other Websites

- [http://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Main_Page Bulbapedia] (a wiki focusing on the Pokémon franchise)
- [http://www.psi-soft.co.uk/news/modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewforum&f=4 UK based discussion board on the Pokémon card game] Category:Computer and video game franchises
- Category:1990s fads Category:2000s fads Category:Portmanteaus ja:ポケットモンスター ko:포켓몬스터 simple:Pokémon

Gastly

Gastly (ゴース/Ghos in Japanese, Nebulak in German and Fantominus in French) is a fictional character of the Pokémon franchise.

Appearance

Gastly consists of a dark sphere (its "head") surrounded by a light purple gas. A Gastly has two large eyes with tiny pupils and two canine teeth.

Biology

Gastly is made of a very thin, gas-like substance. This grants it certain powers and weaknesses. It can sneak into any place if it so wishes thanks to the invasive properties of gas molecules. It can render itself nearly invisible and approach enemies undetected. It can envelop said enemies regardless of their size and induce sleepiness, slow poisoning through the skin, or even suffocation. On the other hand, Gastly's negligible weight and gaseous nature make it very easy for it to be blown off or even scattered to nothingness (although it is presumed the molecules can regroup later) under a strong wind. A Gastly will not appear in windy weather if it can help it, but when it finds itself threatened by a strong wind, it clusters in groups under the eaves of houses to protect itself. Gastly is said to frequent decrepit, deserted buildings. It is perhaps worth noting that even though Gastly and the rest of the Ghost-type Pokémon fit some stereotypes attributed to ghosts, it has a measurable weight, can faint in battle and breed with other Pokémon, all unusual traits for a supposedly dead entity.

In the video games

In Pokémon Red, Blue, Yellow, FireRed and LeafGreen Gastly is found in the Pokémon Tower. In the last two games, Gastly is further found in the Lost Cave. In Pokémon Gold and Silver, it is found in the Sprout Tower and the Tin Tower at night. In Crystal, it is additionally found in Routes 31, 32 and 36, also during the night. Gastly has excellent speed and Special attack stats, rather ironic considering Ghost and Poison-type attacks rely on its attack stat, which is low. It can learn a number of useful moves, such as Confuse Ray, Spite, and Curse, and powerful special attacks through Technical Machines. It also has the useful Levitate ability, which nullifies the weakness its Poison type has to Ground-type attacks. However, since its evolved forms, Haunter and Gengar, are more powerful without any drawbacks, Gastly is used in battle only until it evolves.

In the animé

Gastly has had two major appearances in the animé. The first was in episode #20 (The Ghost at Maiden's Peak). According to legend, a young lady was said to have leaped to her death from there after waiting several long years for her true love to return (In the dub, it was said she was turned into stone instead). The legend turns out to be true, however it is not the Maiden that haunts the Peak, but a Gastly. Each year, during a local celebration, Gastly takes the form of the Maiden's spirit and entices males into falling in love with it, whereupon it captures them. It seems that the Gastly's purpose for this is not sinister, but merely an effort to keep the Maiden's legend alive. This supposedly means that its capture is meant to be short-lived. The Gastly's benevolent nature is further seen when it promises the real Maiden's ghost to look for the spirit of her true love to tell him she is still waiting for him. This Gastly is also extremely notable in that it is the only Pokémon other than Team Rocket's Meowth which can talk naturally. The few other Pokémon that can communicate in human language are Legendary and speak through telepathy. The second appearance is in episode #23 (The Tower of Terror). A Gastly, along with a Haunter and Gengar, are seen haunting the Lavender Town Pokémon Tower, which Ash visits when trying to capture a Ghost-type Pokémon. The Gastly puts its vanishing ability to good use playing pranks on Jessie, James and Meowth of Team Rocket. There is also another role played by a Gastly. In episode #86 (Pikachu Re-Volts), Officer Jenny uses a Gastly to stop Butch and Cassidy's Drowzee, which hypnotized all of the local Pokémon (including Ash's Pikachu). Gasty was immune to Drowzee's Hypnosis and fought off an armada of hypnotized Pokemon using Night Shade, allowing Ash to lure his Pikachu near the machine. Pikachu falls for it and shocks the machine that Drowzee was using to control the Pokémon, causing it to explode.

Name Origin

"Gastly" is the word "ghastly", meaning horrible to behold, corrupted by the word "gas", which features prominently in Gastly's anatomy. In the English translation, Gastly was originally going to be called "Spirit". Category:Ghost Pokémon Category:Poison Pokémon

Gengar

Ectoplasma redirects here. For information on ectoplasma, see ectoplasm. Gengar (ゲンガー/Gengar in Japanese, Gengar in German and Ectoplasma in French) is a fictional character of the Pokémon franchise. It and its preceding evolutions are the only Ghost-type Pokémon of the original 151 Pokémon. It has been used in competitive play in the Pokémon video games since its introduction in Pokémon Red and Blue.

Name Origin

Gengar's name originates from the word doppelgänger, meaning a ghostly double of a living thing that haunts its living counterpart. Gengar was originally going to be called Phantom. Its Korean name, 팬텀 (paen teom), also comes from the word "Phantom". Gengar's French name, Ectoplasma, is a reference to ectoplasm.

Characteristics

Gengar has an appearance evocative of a ghost or a spirit. It is a bipedal, purple entity with red eyes and it always wears an unsettling smile. Gengar also possesses a short tail and spikes on its back. Despite its somewhat rough outline, each individual Gengar has a consistent shape Gengar often has a rather sinister personality, especially when in the wild. It inhabits remote mountainous locations and urban environments alike, being a dangerous Pokémon to encounter on either case. Fortunately, Gengar is a nocturnal Pokémon, so its attacks are limited in the hours of darkness. Gengar tends to stalk its prospective prey, which includes human beings, and hide in their shadow. It is said that in this way, it has the opportunity to absorb the vital force/"life" of its victims. Gengar acts like a heat sink while doing this, so that its malevolent presence can be given away by a feeling of cold and a shivering sensation. Another favorite pastime of Gengar is to mimic the shadows of people. A common prank is to take the shape of one's shadow and run past him, giving him the impression that his shadow has come alive and overtaken him. Gengar especially loves to frighten people that way during the nights of a full moon.

In the video games

Gengar is one of the first two Pokémon shown in the introduction cut in Pokémon Red, Blue, Green, Yellow, FireRed, or LeafGreen. The introduction shows a Gengar and a Nidorino battling, which fades into the title screen. Gengar is not found in the wild. Its previous evolution, Haunter, can be found in all the games listed above (Red, Blue, Yellow, Green, FreRed, and LeafGreen). Gengar can only be obtained by trading a Haunter over to another game cart. The availability of Gengar depends on players having a friend or being able to trade between themselves. Gengar has extremely high speed and special attack, but its offense, Hit Points and physical defense are low for a stage two Pokémon. Its Ghost/Poison-type combination, combined with its Levitate ability, grants it immunity to three attack types and resistance to many more. However, its Poison-type makes it vulnurable to Psychic-types, which ironically makes it weak to the one type it is supposed to be strong against. Gengar's combination of high speed and special attack statistics, paired with its many type immunities and resistances and wide selection of available attacks, makes it a very powerful Pokémon in player-vs.-player competition. These advantages are offset by exceedingly low physical defense, however, so the most common defense against Gengar is simply an effective physical attack to which it is not immune. Gengar is frequently used as a counter to the powerful defensive combination of Skarmory/Forretress/Weezing and Blissey/Snorlax. The combo is referred to as a SkarmBliss combo (although other Pokemon can be used). When Gengar is used as a SkarmBliss counter, particularly on NetBattle, its move set usually has Substitute and Focus Punch (which can defeat Blissey and Snorlax) and Thunderbolt and Ice Punch (which allow Gengar to damage to nearly any Pokémon). This particular moveset is known as "McIceGar." (The McGar and McIceGar sets were originally created by McGraw, a famous NetBattle player.) It can also learn the infamous Perishtrap combo. Gengar can learn Perish Song through fellow ghost Pokémon Misdreavus. When Perishtrapping, Mean Look is used to prevent the opponent's escape, and Perish Song used to make them faint in three turns. However, due to Gengar's low defenses and HP, this maneuver is considered risky unless the player knows exactly what moves the opponent Pokémon has.

In the animé

Gengar has made a fair number of appearances. It has the distinction of being one of the first Pokémon to appear in the series - in episode #1 Ash saw it battle against a Nidorino on television. It next appeared in episode #23 (The Tower of Terror), which it haunted along with its pre-evolved forms Gastly and Haunter, playing pranks at visitors. A more hostile and much larger Gengar appeared in episode #74 (The Ancient Puzzle of Pokémonpolis) as one of the city's mythical protectors. It battled against a giant Alakazam (another of the protectors) until a gargantuan Jigglypuff intervened and put both to sleep. Gengar has also been used in battle by Drake, the defending champion of the Orange League, by Morty, the Gym Leader of Ecruteak City, and by Agatha, member of the Elite Four and temporary Gym Leader of Viridian City. Ash has battled against all three and prevailed over the first two.

In other properties

In the card game

Gengar is a Stage-2 Psychic-type in the Pokémon Trading Card Game, similar to Alakazam and Gardevoir. It has appeared in the following sets:
- Fossil
- Gym Heroes (as Sabrina's Gengar)
- Gym Challenge (as Sabrina's Gengar)
- Neo Destiny (as Dark Gengar)
- Expedition
- Skyridge
- EX Firered and Leafgreen (as Gengar EX)

Silph Scope

The Pokémon games, anime, and manga have a variety of items unique to their fictional world. Unless noted otherwise, all of these items are fictional.

Berry

anime Berries were introduced in Pokémon Gold and Silver. Berries can be used like typical RPG consumable items, to heal damage or negate status effects. They are different from typical consumable items in RPGs in that they can be given to a Pokémon to hold, in which case the Pokémon will use the item as soon as it is needed. In Pokémon Ruby, Sapphire, and Emerald, Players could also plant berries, in order to grow berry plants from which more berries can be picked. These games also used berries to make Pokeblocks by spinning the berries in a Berry Blender. In Pokémon FireRed, LeafGreen, and Pokémon Emerald, players can crush berries with other players via the Game Boy Wireless Adapter between 2-5 players to make Berry Powder, which can be spent to buy rare items in Cerulean City.

Elemental Stone

Elemental Stones (occasionally known as Evolution Stones) are crystals with the power of a certain element (for a very loose definition of element). There are 6 different Stones for evolving Pokémon. Fire, Water, and Thunder Stones evolve Pokémon of their element, for example Vulpix, Staryu, Pikachu and Eevee. The Moon Stone evolves fairy-like Pokémon, like Clefairy and Nidorina. Leaf Stones evolve plant types, such as Gloom and Weepinbell. The Sun Stone evolves nature Pokémon, such as Sunkern and Gloom. There are a handful of other stones related to evolution, including the King's Rock, which evolves Slowpoke into Slowking or Poliwhirl into Politoed when traded (instead of evolving into Slowbro, as it usually would), the Everstone, which prevents a Pokémon from evolving, and, in Pokémon XD only, the Sun Shard and Moon Shard, which can evolve Eevee into Espeon or Umbreon, respectively.

Key Items

Umbreon In all of the Pokémon games, key items are typical MacGuffins; they have little purpose in the story beyond delaying the player or guiding the player to a certain area or task. These items often make an appearance in the anime and manga as well (although they are not referred to as "key items" in those contexts), serving much the same role. Some examples:
- Bike: Collapsible bikes that can fit inside a backpack were first introduced in Pokémon Red and Blue, and are used to cross bike-only paths or jump gaps, as well as cut down on travel time.
- Devon Scope: In Pokémon Ruby, Sapphire, and Pokémon Emerald, this allows the player to see and defeat the chameleon-like Pokemon, Kecleon, blocking his way.
- Fishing Rod: Fishing rods are used to fish for water Pokémon. They aren't generally needed to progress through the game, and are often optional items.
- Go-goggles: In Pokémon Ruby, Sapphire, and Pokémon Emerald, these goggles allow the player to see and pass through an obstructing sandstorm.
- Silph Scope: Found in Pokémon Red and Blue, Pokémon Yellow, and Pokémon FireRed and LeafGreen, this scope, won from Giovanni in the basement of the Celadon Game Corner, allows the player to see and battle the Ghost Pokémon in Lavender Tower.

Poké Ball

Lavender Tower Main article: Poké Ball A Poké Ball is a spherical device used by Pokémon trainers to capture new Pokémon and store them when they are not in use, and they appear in all of Pokémon's various incarnations. Poké Balls come in a variety of styles and types. The Poké Ball is also one of the many logos used for Pokémon as a franchise.

Pokéblock

Pokémon In the Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire (and later games), a Pokéblock is a Pez-like candy made from berries. (One uses a Berry Blender to make the berries into Pokéblocks.) Its primary use is to raise a Pokémon's special Pokémon Contest attributes, although they can also be used for bait in the Safari Zone. Depending on the flavor of the Pokéblock, it raises a different attribute of the Pokémon that eats it. Dry flavored Pokéblocks raise the beauty stat, spicy raises cool, sweet raises cute, bitter raises smart, and sour raises tough. Pokéblocks can be a combination of flavors, and thus raise more than one stat. Pokéblocks are also used to evolve Feebas into Milotic, by raising the Feebas's beauty statistic to the maximum.

Pokédex

Milotic Main article: Pokédex In all of Pokémon's different incarnations, the Pokédex is an electronic encyclopedia of Pokémon-related information. In the games, the information about a Pokémon is added as soon as the player captures that Pokémon, and completing the Pokédex by capturing or trading for every single Pokémon at least once is one of the major goals. In the anime and manga, the Pokédex is already a comprehensive resource, and often delivers exposition, describing a Pokémon or otherwise explaining what's going on. In the anime, it has a characteristic electronic-sounding voice. Numerous different (real life) Pokédexes, ranging from electronic toys to mundane books, have been manufactured under license from the Pokémon Company. Nearly every protagonist of a Pokémon game, anime, or manga has a Pokédex, but many later-generation protagonists supplement or, in the case of Wes in Pokémon Colosseum supplant, it with a general-purpose utility device, such as a Pokegear, PokéNav, or Pokémon Digital Assistant.

PokéFlute

Pokémon Digital Assistant] The PokéFlute, first introduced in Pokémon Red and Blue, was initially a Key Item used to wake a sleeping Snorlax that was blocking forward progress. PokéFlutes appeared in later games, however; in Pokémon Snap, a PokéFlute could lure Pokémon out of hiding and sometimes would make them dance or behave oddly, and in Pokémon Ruby, Sapphire, and Emerald, a glassblower near Lavaridge Town makes five different colors of volcanic glass PokéFlute, three of which cures status ailments (including one which will wake sleeping Pokémon). In Pokémon Gold, Silver, and Crystal, the Radio Tower in Lavender Town has a station devoted to PokéFlute music, which is also used to wake a sleeping Snorlax that is blocking forward progress. A PokéFlute appears in the Pokémon anime in episode #41, "Wake up! Snorlax!", when it is used to wake a Snorlax that is blocking an important river. In chapter 22, "Vs. Victreebel," of Pokémon Adventures, a mechanical Pidgey tourguide in the Safari Zone rescues Red from being sacrificed as part of a Victreebel evolution ritual, by waking the assembled Bellsprouts and Weepinbells with a PokéFlute. "Pokémon Flute" is a card in the first set of the Pokémon Trading Card Game, but doesn't wake Pokémon in that game.

Other flutes

While they are not specifically referred to as "PokéFlutes," flutes of various sorts play important roles in the Pokémon anime and manga, as well as Pokémon Colosseum. In the second Pokémon movie, the tune Melody plays on her unnamed flute reawakens Lugia after it is defeated, and repairs the damage done by Moltres, Zapdos, and Articuno. In Pokémon Colosseum, the Flute of Time is used to summon Celebi to heal Shadow Pokémon (Pokémon that have been tainted by a dark power).

Pokégear

Shadow Pokémon In Pokémon Gold, Silver, and Crystal, the Pokégear is a general-purpose tool for Pokémon trainers, including the player. It is usually worn around the wrist (like a watch), hanging from the neck by a lanyard (as shown in the image to the right), or sometimes kept in the trainer's pocket. The Pokégear starts off a a combination wristwatch and cell phone. The latter function is used by the player in the games to receive calls from computer-controlled Pokémon trainers. After obtaining a Map Card, the Pokégear can also double as a map of the Johto region. The Pokégear can also act as a radio by adding a radio card from the Goldenrod Radio Tower to it. This not only allows the player to listen to different background music from the area's default tune, but it also allows him to hear programs such as the Lucky Number Show (a lottery) or Buena's Password (a memorization challenge). Certain radio stations can also attract or repel wild Pokémon. In the Pokémon anime, the Pokégear only appears in a three-part episode of Pokémon Chronicles, titled The Legend of Thunder, and in Pokémon 3: The Movie - Spell of the Unown. The Pokémon Company licensed toy manufacturer TOMY to create a (real life, not fictional) toy Pokégear, which included a radio, a watch, and other Pokémon related features. It was sold through the Japanese Pokémon Centers and their websites only.

Pokémon Digital Assistant

The Pokémon Digital Assistant (P
- DA) is the digital organizer used by the protagonists of Pokémon Colosseum and Pokémon XD. Much like the Pokédex, it keeps track of the Pokémon captured and snagged by the user. (As the P
- DA's interface serves as these games' menu screens, game data such as money accumulated and time played are also available from the P
- DA screen.) By going to the Pre Gym in Phenac City, Strategy Memo information of Pokémon encountered is downloaded to P
- DA. The Strategy Memo mode contains information on every Pokémon fought, including type, abilities, and size. This mode was greatly expanded upon in Pokémon XD. Much like the Pokégear and Pokémon Emerald version of the PokéNav, the P
- DA also has a connection to a network, used in this case to receive e-mail. NPCs use this to contact the protagonist. In Pokémon XD, the P
- DA can also be used to keep tabs on bait left in PokéSpots.

PokéNav

NPCs Introduced in Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire and appearing in Pokémon Emerald and the Pokémon anime, the PokéNav (short for Pokémon Navigator) is a general-purpose communication and navigation tool for Pokémon trainers, similar to the Pokégear in previous games. In Ruby and Sapphire, it monitors the condition of the player's Pokémon, keeps profiles of other trainers defeated by the player (including keeping track of when a trainer is ready for a rematch), and keeps track of awards and ribbons won by the player's Pokémon, and has a map to keep track of the player's location in Hoenn. In Pokémon Emerald, it also doubles as a cell phone, allowing the player to call up computer-controlled Pokémon trainers for tips or rematch challenges. In the Pokémon television series, Max carries the PokéNav belong to his sister, May, since he is better at using it than she is. Typically, Max uses the PokéNav to help Ash decide which city to head to next.

Rare Candy

Ash Rare Candy is a rare item found in Pokémon games (hence the name). In the games, this item immediately raises a Pokémon to the next experience level. Contrary to popular belief, the use of Rare Candy does not ultimately leave your Pokémon weaker. When Rare Candy is used, the Pokémon receives no effort values, which are easily reclaimed later, meaning the Pokémon will have the exact same stats as it would have without Rare Candy. Rare Candy also makes an appearance in the Pokémon Trading Card Game.

Snag Machine

Pokémon Trading Card Game The Snag Machine, in Pokémon Colosseum, is a device that allows a Pokémon trainer to steal Pokémon from another trainer, despite the usual prohibition against doing so. The Snag Machine allows a trainer to capture another trainer's Pokémon normally with a Poké Ball, and, in Pokémon Colosseum, the protagonist Wes uses it to steal the Shadow Pokémon from the trainers who have corrupted them, in order to purify the liberated Pokémon. His theft of the machine is what sets him on the course of events depicted in Pokémon Colosseum.

Technical Machine

right Technical Machines, or TMs for short, are special machines that teach a Pokémon a new move, often a move it wouldn't normally learn on its own. They are usable only once; after teaching one Pokémon one move, a TM is used up. They are depicted in the trading card game as a small device that a trainer inserts their pokéball into, but in Fire Red/Leaf Green, TMs are depicted as CDs color -coded to the type of move they teach. There are 50 different TMs per game; each one teaches a different move and is found in a different place. Approximately two-thirds of the TMs available in each game are given to the player by non-player characters, with the rest being purchasable at stores, usually from a department store or from a Game Corner (a casino-like arcade). Hidden Machines (HMs) are similar to TMs, except that they aren't used up when used. HM moves also have special uses outside of battle, for instance, Surf lets you cross over deep water, riding on your Pokémon like a living boat. Each HM is typically tied to a Gym Leader, and a player needs the corresponding Gym Badge to use a HM move outside of battle.
- Pokémon Red, Blue, Green, and Yellow have five HMs — in order, they teach the moves Cut, Fly, Surf, Strength, and Flash.
- Gold, Silver, and Crystal have seven HMs — the five from Red, Blue, and Yellow, plus HMs 6 and 7, which teach Whirlpool and Waterfall, respectively.
- Ruby, Sapphire, and Emerald have 8 HMs — the same as Gold, Silver, and Crystal with a different HM 6 (Rock Smash instead of Whirlpool) plus HM 8, which teaches Dive.
- FireRed and LeafGreen have 7 HMs. They are the same as in Ruby, Sapphire, and Emerald, save for the lack of HM 8.

Vs. Seeker

FireRed and LeafGreen The Vs. Seeker is a device is obtained in Vermilion City in the video games Pokémon FireRed and LeafGreen. The device signals a request to surrounding Trainers for a rematch battle. Illustrations often portray trainers wearing this device on backpack straps. In the games, this device causes Pokémon trainers interested in a rematch to jump up and down and/or wave their arms to catch the player's attention. After being used, it can't be used again until it has had time to recharge.

Zero-One

The Zero-One is a multi-terrain vehicle that Todd/Snap rides in in Pokémon Snap, as he photographs Pokémon. Category:Pokémon video game mechanics

Celadon Game Corner

The Celadon Game Corner is a location in the Red, Blue, Yellow, and Leaf Green/Fire Red versions of the Pokémon video game series. It is a casino filled with slot machines, located in Celadon City. You receive coins for winning the games. You can then trade in these coins for prizes, including Pokémon or Technical Machines] The Celadon Game Corner is operated by [[Team Rocket]]. In the [[Pokémon video game series, there is a man in the back of the game corner in front of a poster. Once you talk to him, you will go into a battle wth him. After you defeat him, he walks into the right end of the game corner. Behind the poster there is a switch which opens a staircase at the right. This is Team Rocket's secret hideout. Category:Pokémon places

Refluxkrankheit

Refluxösophagitis (engl.: reflux oesophagitis, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease [GERD]), auch Refluxkrankheit genannt, bezeichnet eine entzündliche Erkrankung der Speiseröhre (Ösophagus), die durch den unphysiologisch langen Rückfluss von Magensaft bedingt ist. Der Rückfluss von Magensaft an sich ist jedoch nicht schädlich, sondern eher üblich, also physiologisch, und wird auch nicht als störend wahrgenommen.

Pathogenese (Ursachen)

Die Refluxösophagitis kann drei Ursachen haben: #der Ausstoß an Magensäure ist so groß, dass die Peristaltik der Speiseröhre ihn nicht mehr bewältigen kann #die Peristaltik der Speiseröhre ist bereits beeinträchtigt und kann auch normalen - und erst recht übermäßigen - Ausstoß an Magensäure nicht richtig zurückführen #der innere Schließmuskel (Ösophagussphinkter), der die Speiseröhre vom Magen trennt, funktioniert nicht richtig. Meist liegt eine Kardiainsuffizienz zugrunde. Oft steht die Erkrankung auch in Verbindung mit einer Hiatushernie: Fast alle Patienten mit Refluxösophagitis haben eine solche Hernie, aber nicht alle Patienten mit einer solchen Hernie zeigen Symptome der Refluxösophagitis. Zusätzlich sind meist andere Noxen ("Schadstoffe"), wie Kaffee, scharfe Gewürze, Pfefferminze, Alkohol, Tabakrauch oder Medikamente involviert.

Symptome

Vor allem nachts (im Liegen), nach Mahlzeiten, sehr häufig nach Kuchen oder süßen Speisen, beim Bücken oder Heben von Lasten oder Genuss von Tabakrauch oder Alkohol kommt es zum sauren Aufstoßen von Magensaft und/oder zu Sodbrennen. Es kann auch ohne Sodbrennen ein unspezifischer Brustschmerz auftreten, selten im Oberbauch. In diesen Fällen ist die Abgrenzung von Herzerkrankungen schwierig. Besonders Patienten in Sprechbrufen und auch Sänger klagen wegen der Reizungen durch den Magensaft über chronische Kehlkopfentzündungen und ein morgendliches Gefühl, als ob die "Kehle brenne", und sind deshalb in ihrer Berufsausübung oft stark behindert.

Komplikationen

Es kann zu Blutungen, Geschwüren und Stenosen im Bereich des gastroösophagealen Übergangs kommen. Die Ausbildung eines Barrett-Syndroms ist möglich. Patienten mit Barrett-Syndrom haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für Ösophaguskarzinome.

Therapie

Im Vordergrund steht eine eiweiß- und fettarme Diät, sowie Tabakrauch- und Alkoholkarenz. Sehr zu empfehlen ist eine Gewichtsreduktion, wodurch der erhöhte Druck im Bauchraum abnimmt. Nächtliche Beschwerden lassen sich durch Hochlagerung des Oberkörpers, Keilkissen, Schrägstellen des Bettes lindern. Daneben ist der Verzicht auf ein spätes Abendessen wichtig. Hier empfehlen Ärzte, die letzte Nahrung nicht nach 18 Uhr aufzunehmen. Mehrmals wöchentliches "Dinner-Cancelling", wobei nach 16 Uhr nichts mehr gegessen, sondern nur noch getrunken wird, zeitigt ebenfalls gute Heilungserfolge. Medikamentös sollte der Wirkung der Magensäure mit Antazida - aber nicht langfristig, da ansonsten der Magen mit einem erhöhten Ausstoß an Magensäure reagiert -, Histamin-H2-Rezeptorblockern und Protonenpumpenhemmern (z. B. Omeprazol, Esomeprazol, Rabeprazol, Pantoprazol) begegnet werden. Zur Akuttherapie sind Antazida besser geeignet, da sie eine rasche Symptomlinderung bewirken. Standard in der Dauertherapie sind Protonenpumpenhemmer. In gravierenden Fällen, insbesondere bei Stenosen und anhaltenden Schluckbeschwerden, ist eine operative Intervention notwendig. Aufgrund des erhöhten Karzinomrisikos sind regelmäßige gastroskopische Kontrollen notwendig. Im Rahmen einer internationalen Studie wurden 2005 insgesamt 160 Patienten mit einer neuen Operationsmethode behandelt. Dabei wird die Speiseröhre an der Verbindung zum Magen mittels einer Naht verengt. Derzeit ist jedoch die Korrektur der Risikofaktoren und medikamentöse Therapie Standard, operative Verfahren sind sehr schweren Fällen vorbehalten.

Literatur

- Holger Stark, Yvonne Syha, Laura Popescu, Manfred Schubert-Zsilavecz: Neue Wirkstoffe zur GERD-Behandlung. Pharmazie in unserer Zeit 34(3), S. 224 - 227 (2005), ISSN 0048-3664

Weblinks

- http://www.sodbrennen-welt.de Website über das Sodbrennen
- http://www.m-ww.de/krankheiten/innere_krankheiten/speiseroehrenentzuendung.html
- [http://www.medicoconsult.de/Gastrobook/Reflux.php Medizinische Fachinformationen zu Refluxkrankheit, Sodbrennen] Kategorie:Innere Krankheit

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