Home About us Products Services Contact us Bookmark
:: wikimiki.org ::
U.S. Highway 1 Truck (Jersey City)

U.S. Highway 1 Truck (Jersey City)

TRUCK US 1-9 is the route that trucks must use between the eastern edge of Newark, New Jersey and Tonnelle Circle in Jersey City, New Jersey, due to trucks being banned from the Pulaski Skyway (starting in early 1934), which carries the main routes of US 1 and US 9. It also serves traffic accessing SR 7 and SR 440. Before the 1953 renumbering, TRUCK US 1-9, as with other U.S. Highways in New Jersey, had a corresponding State Highway. West (signed south) of the intersection with Route 440, the road was Route 25M (it had been Route 25 until that was moved to the Pulaski Skyway), and north of Route 440, it was part of Route 1, which continued south on Route 440 and north on US 1/US 9 from Tonnelle Circle. The part south of Route 440 was part of the Lincoln Highway, and still has that name in Kearny. Due to the heavy traffic on the road, it has been upgraded to a freeway from its south end to about halfway through Kearny. There are also plans to rebuild the part north of Route 7, which was built as part of the Route 1 Extension but bypassed by the Pulaski Skyway, as a freeway feeding into Route 7.

Major roads intersected


- US 1/US 9 (Pulaski Skyway/Newark Viaduct) in Newark
- New Jersey Turnpike/I-95 in Newark
- Doremus Avenue in Newark
- Jacobus Avenue in Kearny
- Central Avenue in Kearny
- Hackensack Avenue in Kearny
- Route 440/Communipaw Avenue in Jersey City
- Duncan Avenue in Jersey City
- ramp to US 1/US 9 (Pulaski Skyway) in Jersey City
- Broadway in Jersey City
- Route 7/Newark Avenue at Charlotte Circle in Jersey City
- US 1/US 9/Route 139 (Pulaski Skyway/Tonnelle Avenue) at Tonnelle Circle in Jersey City

See also


- US 1
- US 9
- Lincoln Highway

External links


- [http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/00000001t_-.pdf TRUCK US 1-9] straight line diagram
- [http://www.state.nj.us/dot/ea/1_9t_25/ Route 1&9T St. Paul's Viaduct Replacement] 01 Truck Jersey City 01 Truck Jersey City

Newark, New Jersey

: For other places with this name, see Newark (disambiguation). Newark, nicknamed The Brick City, is the largest city in New Jersey, United States, and the county seat of urban Essex County. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 273,546. The Census Bureau's 2004 estimate is that the city has grown to a population of 280,451. Located approximately five miles (8 km) west of Manhattan, its location near the Atlantic Ocean on Newark Bay has helped make its port facility, Port Newark, the major container shipping port for New York Harbor. It is the home of Newark Liberty International Airport (formerly Newark International Airport) which was the first major airport to serve the New York metropolitan area.

History

New York metropolitan area Newark was founded in 1666 by Connecticut Puritans led by Robert Treat, making it the third-oldest major city in the United States, after Boston and New York, though it is not the third-oldest settlement. Newark is the city's third name; previously, it was called Pasaic Town and New Milford. The name comes from Newark-on-Trent, a town in England from where some of the original settlers arrived.

Colonial era

Newark was a relatively large town in the colonial era, known for its good beer, ciders, and tanned leather goods. In religion, it stayed loyal to old Puritan ways longer than the communities of New England, and was very receptive to the Great Awakening. When the seminaries at Yale and Harvard showed disdain for Great Awakening evangelicalism, several Newark ministers led by Aaron Burr (father of Vice President Aaron Burr) founded the College of New Jersey, later to be known as Princeton, in neighboring Elizabeth.

Industrial era to World War II

Newark's rapid growth began in the early 1800s, much of it due to a Massachusetts transplant named Seth Boyden. Boyden came to Newark in 1815, and immediately began a torrent of improvements to leather manufacture, culminating in the process for making patent leather. Boyden's genius would eventually allow Newark to manufacture almost 90% of the nation's leather by 1870, bringing in $8.6 million to the city in that year alone. In 1824, Boyden, bored with leather, found a way to produce malleable iron. Newark also prospered by the construction of the Morris Canal in 1831. The canal connected Newark with the New Jersey hinterland, at that time a major iron and farm area. Railroads also arrived in 1834 and 1835. A flourishing shipping business resulted, and Newark became the area's industrial center. In 1826, Newark's population stood at 8,017, ten times the 1776 number.(Newark, John T. Cunningham, Chap. 11, Chap. 18) The middle 19th century saw continued growth and diversification of Newark's industrial base. The first commercially successful plastic — Celluloid — was produced in a factory on Mechanic Street by John Wesley Hyatt. Hyatt's Celluloid found its way into Newark-made carriages, billiard balls, and dentures. Edward Weston perfected in Newark a process for zinc electroplating, as well as a superior arc lamp. Newark's Military Park had the first public electric lamps anywhere in the United States. Before moving to Menlo Park, Thomas Edison himself made Newark home in the early 1870s. He invented the stock ticker in the Brick City.(Ibid, Chap. 18, pg 181) In the late 19th century, its industry was further developed, especially through the efforts of such men as Seth Boyden and J. W. Hyatt. The Irish and the Germans emigrated to the city; the Germans established their own newspapers, which the other ethnic groups have emulated. However, tensions existed between the “native stock” and the newer groups. stock ticker In the middle 19th century, Newark added insurance to its repertoire of businesses; Mutual Benefit was founded in the city in 1845 and Prudential in 1873. Prudential, or "the Pru" as generations of Newarkers knew it, was founded by another transplanted New Englander, John Fairfield Dryden, who found a niche catering to the middle and lower classes. Today, Newark sells more insurance than any city except Hartford.(Ibid, Chap. 19, pg 186) In 1880, Newark's population stood at 136,508; in 1890 at 181,830; in 1900 at 246,070; and in 1910 at 347,000, a jump of 200,000 in three decades.(Cunningham, 201) As Newark's population approached a half million in the 1920s, the city's potential seemed limitless. It was said in 1927:"Great is Newark's vitality. It is the red blood in its veins – this basic strength that is going to carry it over whatever hurdles it may encounter, enable it to recover from whatever losses it may suffer and battle its way to still higher achievement industrially and financially, making it eventually perhaps the greatest industrial center in the world"(pop figures from Newark, pg 201; quotation from Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier, 275). Newark was bustling in the early to mid-20th century. Market and Broad Streets served as a center of retail commerce for the region anchored by four flourishing department stores like Hahne & Company, L. Bamberger and Company, L.S. Plaut and Company, and Kresge's (later known as K-Mart). "Broad Street today is the Mecca of visitors as it has been through all its long history," Newark merchants boasted, "they come in hundreds of thousands now when once they came in hundreds."(Newark, pg. 195) K-Mart In 1922, Newark had 63 live theaters, 46 movie theaters, and an active nightlife. Dutch Schultz was killed in 1935 at the local Palace Bar. Billie Holiday frequently stayed at the Coleman Hotel. By some measures, the intersection of Market and Broad Streets — known as the "Four Corners" — was the busiest intersection in the United States, in terms of cars using it. In 1915, Public Service counted over 280,000 pedestrian crossings in one thirteen-hour period. Eleven years later, on October 26, 1926, a State Motor Vehicle Department check at the Four Corners counted 2,644 trolleys, 4,098 buses, 2657 taxis, 3474 commercial vehicles, and 23,571 automobiles. Traffic in Newark was so heavy that the city converted the old bed of the Morris Canal into the Newark City Subway, making Newark one of the only cities in the country to have an underground system. New skyscrapers were being built every year, the two tallest being the 40-story Art Deco National Newark Building and the Lefcourt-Newark Building. In 1948, just after World War II, Newark hit its peak population of just under 450,000. The population also grew as immigrants from South and Eastern Europe settled here. Newark witnessed distinctive neighborhoods including a large Jewish community concentrated along Prince Street. According to legend, the Texas-born artist Robert Rauschenberg accidentally left his bus in Newark and spent a week there before he realized it wasn't New York City.

Post-World War II era

Problems existed underneath the industrial hum. In 1930, a city commissioner had told a local booster club, the Optimists: :Newark is not like the city of old. The old, quiet residential community is a thing of the past, and in its place has come a city teeming with activity. With the change has come something unfortunate—the large number of outstanding citizens who used to live within the community's boundaries has dwindled. Many of them have moved to the suburbs and their home interests are there.(Jackson, 277) Most New Jerseyans attributed Newark's demise to post-World War II phenomena—the 1967 riots, the construction of the New Jersey Turnpike, Interstate 280 and Interstate 78, decentralization of manufacturing, the G.I. Bill, and the general pro-suburban fiscal order—but Newark's relative decline actually began long before that. The city budget fell from $58 million in 1938 to only $45 million in 1944, despite the wartime boom and an increase in the tax rate from $4.61 to $5.30. Even in 1944, before anyone predicted the rise of the Sun Belt or the G.I. Bill, planners saw problems on Newark's horizon. Some attribute Newark's downfall to building so many housing projects. However, Newark's housing was always a matter of concern. The 1944 city-commissioned study showed that 31% of all Newark dwelling units were below standards of health, and only 17% of Newark's units were owner-occupied. Vast sections of Newark were wooden tenements, and at least 5,000 units failed to meet any thresholds of being a decent place to live. Bad housing predated government intervention in the housing market.(Newark, Chap. 27) One theory postulated by Kenneth T. Jackson and others is that Newark, having a situation where a poor center was surrounded by middle-class outlying areas, only did well when it was able to annex middle-class suburbs. When municipal annexation broke down, urban problems developed since the middle-class edge was now divorced from the poor center. In 1900, Newark's mayor had confidently thought out loud, "East Orange, Vailsburg, Harrison, Kearny, and Belleville would be desirable acquisitions. By an exercise of discretion we can enlarge the city from decade to decade without unnecessarily taxing the property within our limits, which has already paid the cost of public improvements." Only Vailsburg would ever be added.(Crabgrass Frontier, pg 277) Although numerous problems predated World War II, Newark was hamstrung by a number of trends in the post-WWII era. The Federal Housing Administration redlined virtually all of Newark, preferring to back up mortgages in the white suburbs. Manufacturers set up in lower wage environments and could receive bigger tax deductions for building an entirely new factory in outlying areas than for rehabilitating an old factory in a city. Billed as transportation improvements, I-280, the New Jersey Turnpike, and I-78 harmed Newark as well. They directly hurt the city by tearing the fabric of the neighborhoods they went though, and indirectly hurt the city because the new infrastructure allowed middle class people to commute into the city. Despite its problems, Newark did try in the postwar era. Prudential and Mutual Benefit were successfully enticed to stay and build new offices. Rutgers University-Newark and Seton Hall University expanded their Newark presences, with the former building a brand-new campus on a 23 acre (93,000 m²) urban renewal site. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey made Newark the first container port in the nation and turned swamps in the south of the city into one of the ten busiest airports in the United States. Even though it was not the sole cause of Newark's tragedy, the city made some serious mistakes with public housing and urban renewal. Across several administrations, the city leaders of Newark saw the federal government's offer to pay for 100% of the costs of housing projects as a blessing. While other cities were skeptical about putting so many poor and socially dysfunctional individuals together and thus were cautious in building housing projects, Newark avidly pursued federal dollars. Eventually, Newark would have a higher percentage of its residents in public housing than any other American city. The Italian First Ward was one of the hardest hit by urban renewal. A 46-acre (186,000 m²) tract, labelled a slum because it was so dense, was torn down for multi-story Le Corbusier-style high rises, to be known as the Christopher Columbus Homes. The tract had contained 8th Avenue, the commercial heart of the neighborhood. Fifteen small-scale blocks were reduced to three "superblocks." "As one First Warder put it, 'those projects killed the Ward. It was over after that.' Another First Warder, commenting on the project's size, put it even more bluntly: 'They built monsters down there.'" The Columbus Homes, never in harmony with the rest of the neighborhood, were abandoned in the 1970s, and was torn down in 1994.(Immerso, "Newark's Little Italy: the Vanished First Ward.") As pesticides and mechanization reduced the need for cheap labor in the South, five million blacks migrated to northern cities between 1940 and the 1970s. From 1950 to 1960, while Newark saw its overall population drop from 438,000 to 408,000, it gained 65,000 non-whites. By 1966, Newark had a black majority, a faster turnover than most other northern cities had experienced. Evaluating the riots of 1967, Newark educator Nathan Wright, Jr. said "no typical American city has as yet experienced such a precipitous change from a white to a black majority." The misfortune of the Great Migration and Puerto Rican immigration was that Southern blacks and Puerto Ricans were moving to Newark to be industrial workers just as the industrial jobs were drying up. Newark blacks left poverty in the South to find poverty in the North. During the 1950s alone, Newark's white population decreased from 363,000 to 266,000. From 1960 to 1967, its white population fell a further 46,000. Though white flight changed the complexion of Newark residents, white flight did not change the complexion of political and economic power in the city. In 1967, out of a police force of 1400, only 150 members were black, mostly in subordinate positions. The whiteness and brutality of the police force led it to be seen as an occupying force rather than a protective entity. Since Newark's blacks lived in neighborhoods that had been white only two decades earlier, nearly all of their apartments and stores were white-owned as well. In 1967 when 70% of Newark's students were black, Mayor Hugh Addonizio refused to appoint a black secretary to the Board of Education. Mayor Addonizio offered, without consulting any residents of the neighborhood to be affected, to condemn and raze for the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey 150 acres (607,000 m²) of a densely populated black neighborhood in the central ward. UMDNJ had wanted to settle in suburban Madison.

1967 riots

Madison The poverty and lack of political power contributed to a growing radicalization of Newark's black population. On July 12, 1967, a black taxi driver named John Smith was arrested and brutally beaten by police for illegally passing a double-parked police car and then resisting arrest. A crowd gathered outside the police station where he was detained. Due to miscommunication the crowd believed Smith had died in custody (actually he had been transported to hospital via a back entrance). This sparked scuffles between blacks and police in the fourth ward, but damage for the night was only $2,500. However, following television news broadcasts on July 13, new and larger riots took place. Twenty-six people were killed, 1,500 wounded, 1,600 arrested, and $10 million in property was destroyed. More than a thousand businesses were torched or looted, including 167 groceries, with most never to reopen. Newark's reputation suffered dramatically. Tens of thousands of whites moved out. Middle class areas like Weequahic went from middle class white to poor black seemingly overnight. It was said "wherever American cities are going, Newark will get there first."

Post-riots

Weequahic] Newark saw a continued decline in the 1970s and 1980s. Whites continued to move out of the city. Middle class blacks followed suit, and certain pockets of the city developed as domains of poverty and social isolation. Whenever the media of New York needed to find some example of urban despair, they traveled to Newark. In American Pastoral, a novel by Newark-born author Philip Roth, the protagonist Swede Levov says: :[Newark] used to be the city where they manufactured everything, now it's the car theft capital of the world ... there was a factory where somebody was making something on every side street. Now there's a liquor store on every street — a liquor store, a pizza stand, and a seedy storefront church. Everything else is in ruins or boarded up. In January 1975, an article in Harper's Magazine ranked the fifty largest American cities in twenty-four categories, ranging from park space to crime. Newark was one of the five worst in nineteen out of twenty-four categories, and the very worst in nine. Only 70% of Newarkers even owned a telephone. The city ranked second worst, St. Louis, was much farther from Newark than the cities in the top five were from each other. The article concluded: :The city of Newark stands without serious challenge as the worst [city] of all. It ranked among the worst cities in no fewer than nineteen of twenty-four categories, and it was dead last in nine of them... Newark is a city that desperately needs help.(Harper's, January 1975) Newark did have several achievements in the two and a half decades after the riots. In 1968, the New Community Corporation was founded and was one of the most successful community building organizations in the nation. In 1987, the NCC would own and manage 2,265 low-income housing units. Newark's downtown also saw growth in the post-riot decades. Less than two weeks after the riots, Prudential announced plans to underwrite a $24 million office complex near Penn Station — dubbed "Gateway." The Gateway today hosts thousands of white-collar workers, though few live in Newark. The buildings themselves were not designed with consideration for pedestrians. Before the riots, there had been an issue over whether the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey would be built in the suburbs or Newark. The riots and Newark's undeniable desperation made definite that the medical school would be in Newark. However, instead of being built on 167 acres (676,000 m²), the medical school would be built on just 60, part of which was already city owned. In politics, Kenneth A. Gibson was elected as one of the first African-American mayors in the nation in 1970. The 1970s were a time of battles between Gibson and the shrinking white population. In North Newark, Anthony "Tough Tony" Imperiale represented the white backlash. Imperiale initially won fame by organizing the defense of the North Ward during the riots, and had an unsuccessful run at the mayorship. Gibson admitted that "Newark may be the most decayed and financially crippled city in the nation." The higher taxes may have been necessary to pay for services like schools and sanitation, but they did nothing for Newark's economic base; the CEO of Ballantine's Brewery even asserted that Newark's $1 million annual tax bill was the cause of the company's bankruptcy.(Newark, 339)

Today

1970 Sharpe James was elected as Newark's mayor in 1986. James had been a tireless promoter of the city in the media and in the New Jersey Senate, but he is criticized for his high salary (over $200,000 a year) and the corruption that he tolerated. James was also criticized by opponents of the new New Jersey Devils arena — they say that $200 million is far too much for a city as poor and small as Newark to pay for a one-sport venue. The New Jersey Performing Arts Center opened in the downtown area in 1997; in a few years it has brought 1.6 million people to Newark who might never have visited. NJPAC is known for its acoustics and the diversity of entertainment, from "Itzhak Perlman to 'N Sync, Lauryn Hill to the Vienna Boys' Choir, the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra of Amsterdam to the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater." In the 1990s, Newark benefitted from the soaring national economy, its proximity to Manhattan, and from huge increases in state aid for education. The city successfully attracted several high-tech concerns with its state of the art fiber optic network. Since 2000, Newark has actually gained population, its first increase since the 1940s. In 2004, its crime rate decreased 56%, though murders remain stubbornly high.

Geography

2004 Located at 40° 44' 14" north and 74° 10' 55" west, Newark is 24.14 square miles (63 km²) in area. It has the smallest land area among 100 most populous cities in the U.S. The city's altitude ranges from 0 to 273.4 feet (83 m) above sea level, with the average being 55 feet (17 m). Newark is essentially a large basin sloping towards the Passaic River, with a few valleys formed by meandering streams. Historically, Newark's high places have been its wealthier neighborhoods. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the wealthy congregated on the ridges of Forest Hill, High Street, and Weequahic. Until the 20th century, the marshes on Newark Bay were difficult to develop. The marshes were essentially wilderness, with a few dumps, warehouses, and cemeteries on their edges. In the 19th century Newarkers mourned that a fifth of their city could not be used. However, in the 20th century the growing Newark airport benefitted enormously from having such a reservoir of open land.

Neighborhoods

Newark is New Jersey's largest and second-most diverse city, after neighboring Jersey City. Its neighborhoods are populated with people from various backgrounds, including African-Americans, Puerto Ricans, Italians, Jews, Subsaharan Africans, and various Latinos such as Brazilians, Ecuadorians, and Haitians. Newark also has the largest Portuguese population of any American city.

The North Ward

Newark's North Ward is the ridge to the east of Branch Brook Park. The still-wealthy Forest Hill, Newark, New Jersey is in the North Ward, as are heavily Latino areas west of [http://www.newarkhistory.com/mtprospectave.html Mt. Prospect Avenue].

The Central Ward

The Central Ward is a poor, mostly black, area. In the 19th century it was inhabited by Germans. The German inhabitants were later replaced by Jews, who were then replaced by blacks. Newark built many public housing projects on superblocks in the Central Ward in the 19th century; the area's streets are hence no longer arranged in a grid.

The West Ward

The West Ward comprises the middle-class, quasi-suburban neighborhoods of Roseville and Vailsburg. Vailsburg is largely black, while Roseville is white and Latino.

The South Ward

The South Ward comprises poor areas and the middle-class Weequahic district. It was the last part of Newark to be developed. At the southern end of the ward is Weequahic Park.

The East Ward

The East Ward is the heavily Portuguese Ironbound neighborhood. Much of Newark's industry was located here in the 19th century; the area was then poorer than the rest of the city. Today, due to the enterprise of its immigrant population, the Ironbound is wealthier than the rest of Newark.

Demographics

Ironbound As of the census of 2000, there are 273,546 people, recent census projections show that the population has increased to around 280,000. The population density is 11,400/mile² (4,400/km²), or 21,000/mile² (8,100 km²) once airport, railroad, and seaport lands are excluded, the second-highest in the nation. The racial makeup of the city is 26.52% White or Euro-American, 53.46% Black or African American, 0.37% Native American, 1.19% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 14.05% from other races, and 4.36% from two or more races. 29.47% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There is a significant Portuguese-speaking community, made up by Brazilian and Portuguese ethnicities, concentrated mainly at the Ironbound district. There are 91,382 households out of which 35.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.0% are married couples living together, 29.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 32.2% are non-families. 26.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 8.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.85 and the average family size is 3.43. In the city the population is spread out with 27.9% under the age of 18, 12.1% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 31 years. For every 100 females there are 94.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 91.1 males. The median income for a household in the city is $26,913, and the median income for a family is $30,781. Males have a median income of $29,748 versus $25,734 for females. The per capita income for the city is $13,009. 28.4% of the population and 25.5% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 36.6% of those under the age of 18 and 24.1% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Government

Local government

Effective as of July 1, 1954, the voters of the city of Newark, by a referendum held on November 3, 1953 and acting pursuant to the Optional Municipal Charter Law (commonly known as the Faulkner Act), adopted the Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council) Plan C as the form of local government. Pursuant to this Plan, 9 council members are elected on a nonpartisan basis at the regular municipal election or at the general election for terms of 4 years: one council member from each of 5 wards and 4 council members on an at-large basis. The mayor is also elected for a term of 4 years. The Mayor of Newark is Sharpe James. The only Civil Rights veteran still serving as Mayor in America, Sharpe James became Newark's longest-serving mayor when he was re-elected for an unprecedented fifth term in 2002, a year after being named New Jersey Conference of Mayors Mayor of the Year. First elected mayor of Newark on May 13, 1986, James was sworn into office on July 1 of that year. He was the first Newark mayor to run unopposed when he sought re-election in 1990 and handily won re-election in 1994, 1998, and 2002. The Municipal Council exercises the legislative power of city government. It enacts by ordinance, resolution or motion the local laws which govern the people of the city, and is responsible for approval of the municipal budget, establishment of financial controls, and setting of salaries of elected officials and top appointed administrators. It may reduce or increase appropriations requested by the Mayor. By these methods the Council decides "what" the city will do about any particular matter, and then the Mayor and cabinet members decide "how" to do it. The Municipal Council also renders advice and consent on the Mayor's appointments and policy programs, and may investigate, when necessary, any branch of municipal government. The Council also authorizes a continuing audit by an outside firm, of all city financial transactions. As established by ordinance, regular public meetings of the Municipal Council are held on the first Wednesday of each month at 1:00 p.m., and the third Wednesday of each month at 7:00 p.m. in the Municipal Council Chamber in City Hall. Exceptions are made for national or religious holidays. During July and August only one meeting is held each month. A special meeting of the Municipal Council may be called by the President or a majority of its members or by the Mayor whenever an emergency requires immediate action. Members of Newark's Municipal Council are:
- Donald Bradley - Council President and Council Member, South Ward
- Augusto Amador - Council Member, East Ward
- Charles A. Bell - Council Member, Central Ward
- Mamie Bridgeforth - Council Member, West Ward
- Hector M. Corchado - Council Member, North Ward
- Gayle H. Chaneyfield-Jenkins - Council Member-At-Large
- Luis Quintana - Council Member-At-Large
- Donald Kofi Tucker - Council Member-At-Large. Tucker died on October 17, 2005, having served 31 continuous years on the Council.
- Bessie Walker - Council Member-At-Large

Federal, state and county representation

Newark is in both the Tenth and Thirteenth Congressional Districts and is part of New Jersey's 27th, 28th and 29th Legislative Districts.

Economy

Newark has over 300 types of businesses. These include 1,800 retail, 540 wholesale establishments, eight major bank headquarters (including those of New Jersey's three largest banks), and twelve savings and loan association headquarters. Deposits in Newark-based banks are over $20 billion. Newark is the third-largest insurance center in United States, after New York City and Hartford. Prudential Insurance and Mutual Benefit Companies originated in Newark. The former, the largest insurance company in the world, is still headquartered in Newark. Though Newark is not the industrial colossus of the past, the city does have a considerable amount of industry. The southern portion of the Ironbound, also known as the Industrial Meadowlands, has seen many factories built since World War II, including a large brewery.

Education

Newark is the home of Rutgers University-Newark, the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), Seton Hall University's School of Law, the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (Newark Campus), and Essex County College. Most of Newark's academic institutions are located in the city's University Heights district. Rutgers-Newark and NJIT are in the midst of major expansion programs, including plans to purchase, and sometimes raze, surrounding buildings, as well as revitalize current campuses. With more students' requesting to live on campus, the universities have plans to build and expand several dormitories. Such overcrowding is contributing to the revitalization of nearby apartments. Nearby restaurants primarily serve college students. Well lit, frequently policed walks have been organized by the colleges to encourage students to venture downtown.

Culture

University Heights hub. The station was designed by McKim, Mead, and White]] Downtown Newark is not laid out on a grid, giving the downtown area character. There are several notable Beaux-Arts buildings, such as the Veterans' Administration building, the Newark Museum, the Newark Public Library, and the Cass Gilbert-designed Essex County Courthouse. Notable Art Deco buildings include several 1920s era skyscrapers, such as 1180 Raymond Boulevard, the intact Newark Penn Station, and Arts High School. Gothic architecture can be found at the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart by Branch Brook Park, which is one of the largest gothic cathedrals in the United States. It is rumoured to have as much stained glass as the Cathedral of Chartres. Newark also has two public sculpture works by Gutzon Borglum — Wars of America in Military Park and Seated Lincoln in front of the Essex County Courthouse. The Newark Museum has a first class American art collection, and its Tibetan collection is considered one of the best in the world. Through January 2006 the Newark Museum is displayinf Dominican baseball art and African clothing. The city is also home to the New Jersey Historical Society, which has rotating exhibits on New Jersey and Newark. The Newark Public Library also produces a series of historical exhibits. Also through January 2006, the Newark Public Library is exhibiting the New Jersey photography of Harry Dorer. Newark Public Library In February 2004, plans were announced for a new Smithsonian-affiliated Museum of African-American Music to be built in the city's Lincoln Park neighborhood. The museum will be dedicated to black musical styles, from gospel to rap. The new museum will incorporate the facade of the old South Park Presbyterian Church, where Abraham Lincoln once spoke. Groundbreaking is planned for winter 2006 with the grandopening scheduled for 2007. Plans were formalized in November 2004 for a New Jersey Jewish Museum at Temple Ahavas Shalom in the Broadway neighborhood, the last synagogue in Newark. The museum will memorialize the Jewish community of Newark, which once numbered 60,000 and had fifty shuls. The new arena for the New Jersey Devils is under construction. Newark recently established a minor league baseball team, the revived Newark Bears. The city has produced more influential rap artists than one would expect from a city of Newark's size. Queen Latifah, The Fugees, Naughty by Nature, Artifacts and Redman all came from Newark or neighboring East Orange and South Orange, as did several lesser known hip-hop artists such as Jaheim, Faith Evans, and Joe. Additionally, Ice T was born in Newark, but later moved to Los Angeles. Also, from 1947 until the mid-1990s, Herman Lubinsky's influential jazz label, Savoy Records, was located at 58 Market Street in downtown Newark. Pioneer radio station WOR AM was originally licensed to and broadcast from the Bamberger's Department Store in Newark.

Famous people born or raised in Newark


- Actor Jason Alexander (birth name Jason Scott Greenspan), Seinfeld co-star
- Film director Brian De Palma was born and lives in Newark.
- World famous singer Whitney Houston
- Rapper Redman, whose raps about Newark include "Welcome 2 Da Bricks" on his Doc's Da Name 2000 album.
- Actress/rapper Queen Latifah (Dana Owens)
- Novelist Philip Roth grew up in Newark's Weequahic neighborhood, and his Pulitzer-prize winning novel American Pastoral as well as some of his other books are set in Newark.
- Jazz composer/player Wayne Shorter
- World famous singer/songwriter Paul Simon
- Basketball Star Shaq was born in Columbus Hospital.
- Actor J.D. Williams, from HBO television shows The Wire and Oz.
- Author Stephen Crane, most notably from Maggie: A Girl of the Streets and The Red Badge of Courage.
- Jazz singer Sarah Vaughan
- Lead singer Gerard Way and bassist Mikey Way of the punk rock band My Chemical Romance were both born in Newark but later moved to Belleville, New Jersey

References


-
-
-
-
-

External links


- [http://www.ci.newark.nj.us/ The City of Newark, New Jersey]
- [http://www.gonewark.com/ Go Newark] - Guide to news, culture, history, and leisure activities in and around Newark.
- [http://www.gonewark.com/atWork/CityMaps/documents/city_map2003_FP.pdf Map of Newark]
- [http://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2005/streetfight/special_overview.html "Newark: A Brief History"] on PBS website
- [http://www.newarkhistory.com Newarkology Website]
- [http://www.oldnewark.com/ Old Newark]
- [http://www.jerseyhistory.org/ New Jersey Historical Society]
- [http://www.nycsubway.org/nyc/newark/ Newark City Subway] - Overview and history of the subway.
- [http://www.nj.com/columns/ledger The Star-Ledger (Newark news)]
- [http://www.njpac.org/ New Jersey Performing Arts Center]
- [http://www.npl.org/ Newark Public Library]
- [http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34/3451000.html US Census Bureau - Newark - QuickFacts] Category:Cities in New Jersey Category:Essex County, New Jersey Category:Faulkner Act Category:New York metropolitan area ja:ニューアーク (ニュージャージー州)

Jersey City, New Jersey

right Jersey City is a city located in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 240,055, making it New Jersey's second-largest city, trailing Newark. It is the county seat of Hudson County. Jersey City lies on the west bank of the Hudson River across from New York City, and is part of the New York metropolitan area. The second largest city in the state and a commercial and industrial center surpassed only by Newark, it is a port of entry and a manufacturing center. With 11 miles (17.7 km) of waterfront and significant rail connections, Jersey City is an important transportation terminus and distribution center. It has railroad shops, oil refineries, warehouses, and plants that manufacture a diverse assortment of products, such as chemicals, petroleum and electrical goods, textiles, and cosmetics. The city has benefited from its position across the Hudson River from the island of Manhattan, and many Jersey City companies are extensions of businesses headquartered there. Further developments have included increased housing and shopping areas; other parts of the city, however, remain run-down after years of commercial inactivity. Jersey City is one of the most ethnically and culturally diverse cities in the country, with an almost equal mix of non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Asians, and Latinos. Of all US cities, it has one of the largest Arab and Muslim populations and proportions, one of the largest Asian proportions, and one of the largest proportions of various Latino and Hispanic ethnicities outside the southwest. It also has higher-than-average numbers of Jews, Italians, Cubans, Filipinos, Indians, and Irish than most cities in the nation. Irish Irish, completed in 2004 is in the center of the picture.]]

History

The land comprising what is now known as Jersey City was wilderness inhabited by the Lenni Lenape Native Americans in 1609 when Henry Hudson, seeking an alternate route to East Asia and failing in that mission, anchored his small vessel in Sandy Hook. After spending nine days surveying the area and meeting its inhabitants, he returned to Holland. The Dutch organized the United New Netherlands Company to manage this new territory and named it New Netherlands. In June of 1623, New Netherlands became a Dutch province. Soon after, Michael Reyniersz Pauw, Lord of Achtienhoven, a burgemeester of Amsterdam and a director of the West India Company, received a grant as patroon on the condition that he would plant a colony in New Netherlands of not fewer than fifty persons, within four years. He chose the west bank of the Hudson River and purchased the land from the Indians. This land grant is dated November 22, 1630 and is the earliest known conveyance for what are now Hoboken and Jersey City. However, Michael Pauw neglected to settle on his lands and was obliged to sell his holdings back to the Company in 1633 [http://www.njcu.edu/programs/jchistory/Pages/P_Pages/Pavonia.htm]. The first settlement was at Communipaw, an area adjacent to present-day Liberty State Park. A house was built here in 1633 for Jan Evertsen Bout, superintendent of the colony, which was then called Pavonia (the Latinized form of Pauw's name) [http://www.nnp.org/newvtour/regions/Hudson/pavonia.html]. Shortly after, another house was built at Harsimus Cove (near the present-day corner of Fourth Street and Marin Boulevard). This second house became the home of Cornelius Van Vorst, who succeeded Bout as superintendent. These were the first two houses in Jersey City. Relations with the Lenni Lenape deteriorated, and war parties virtually destroyed the settlement of Pavonia in 1643 and again in 1655. 1655 Scattered communities of farmsteads characterized the Dutch settlements in what would become Jersey City: Pavonia, Communipaw, Harsimus, Paulus Hook and to the north, Bergen Township, later the town of Hudson, and incorporated into Jersey City in 1870 [http://www.cityofjerseycity.org/vanvorstfarmhouse.shtml]. The first Jersey City village settlement was Bergen Township, established on what is now Bergen Square in 1660. The oldest surviving house in Jersey City is the stone Van Vorst house of 1742. During the American Revolution the town was in the hands of the British who controlled New York, until Paulus Hook was captured by Major Light Horse Harry Lee on August 19, 1779. Jersey City was incorporated as The City of Jersey in 1820, and reincorporated under its present name in 1838. Jersey City was a dock and manufacturing town for much of the 19th and 20th centuries. Much like New York City, Jersey City has always been a landing pad for new immigrants to the United States. In its heyday before World War II, German, Irish, and Italian immigrants found work at Colgate, Chloro, or Dixon Ticonderoga. However, the largest employers at the time were the railroads, whose national networks dead-ended on the Hudson River. The most significant railroad for Jersey City was the Pennsylvania Railroad Company whose eastern terminus was in the Downtown area until 1911, when the company built the first tunnel under the river to Penn Station, New York. Before that time, Pennsy rail passengers transferred in Jersey City to ferries headed to Manhattan or to trolleys that fanned out through Hudson County and beyond. The last streetcar was decommissioned in 1949 and today, no passenger heavy rail travels through Jersey City. From 1917 to 1947, Jersey City was ruled by Mayor Frank Hague. The [http://www.cityofjerseycity.org/hague/index.shtml Jersey City History Web Site] states that "His name is synonymous with the early 20th century urban American blend of political favoritism and social welfare known as bossism." [http://www.cityofjerseycity.org/hague/kinghankypanky/index.shtml "Hanky-Panky,"] as he was known then, ruled the city with an iron fist while, at the same time, molding governors, United States senators, and judges to his whims. He was known to be loud and vulgar, and would often dismiss his enemies as "reds" or "commies." Citizens of Jersey City dared not speak out against him for fear of being harassed by Hague's police or being ostracized or publicly embarrassed in some way. Remarkably, Hague lived like a millionaire, despite having an average annual salary of $8,000. He was able to maintain a fourteen-room duplex apartment in Jersey City, a suite at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in Manhattan, and a palatial summer home in Deal, New Jersey, and he traveled to Europe yearly in the royal suites of the best liners. Europe in Jersey City. Many people were evacuated by ferry to Jersey City in the wake of the attacks.]] The city developed a reputation for corruption, even after Hague left office. By the 1970s, it was caught up in a wave of urban decline that saw many of its wealthy residents fleeing to the suburbs, and led to an influx of working class citizens scarred by rising crime, civil unrest, political corruption, and economic hardship. From 1950 to 1980, Jersey City lost 75,000 residents, and from 1975 to 1982, it lost 5,000 jobs, or 9 percent of its workforce. [http://www.jcedc.org/timehascome.html] The city experienced a surge of violent crime during this period. New immigrants sought refuge in Jersey City because of its low housing costs, despite the decline in many of its neighborhoods due to decay, abandonment, or neglect. However, the city has recently been undergoing a renaissance. Many formerly abandoned buildings are being renovated, and the light rail line from Weehawken through Hoboken extends through eastern Jersey City, with branches to the western reaches of the city and south to Bayonne. As the waterfront continues to grow, Jersey City's downtown neighborhoods are experiencing rapid gentrification as professionals working in Manhattan are beginning to move in. The downtown area has a significant number of Victorian brownstones, and at prices that are far lower than one would find, for a similar home, in Manhattan, or even Brooklyn. Also, many financial corporations including Goldman Sachs, Chase Manhattan Bank, Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, and the investment firm Charles Schwab have relocated from New York City to Jersey City or expanded their offices in Jersey City since the September 11, 2001 attacks. It is projected that Jersey City will pass Newark as New Jersey's largest city by 2010.

Government

Local government

Jersey City is currently governed under the Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council) system of municipal government. The current mayor of Jersey City is Jerramiah Healy. Members of the City Council are Mariano Vega, Jr., Council President; Willie Flood, Councilwoman-at-Large; Peter Brennan, Councilman-at-Large; Michael Sottolano, Ward A Councilman; Mary Spinello, Ward B Councilwoman; Steve Lipski, Ward C Councilman; William Gaughan, Ward D Councilman; Steven Fulop, Ward E Councilman; and Viola Richardson, Ward F Councilwoman.

Federal, state and county representation

Jersey City is in the Ninth, Tenth and Thirteenth Congressional Districts and is part of New Jersey's 31st, 32nd and 33rd Legislative Districts.

Education

Jersey City is home to the New Jersey City University (NJCU) and Saint Peter's College, both of which are located in the city's West Side district. It is also home to the Hudson County Community College, which is located in Journal Square. Dr. Ronald E. Mc Nair Academic High School [http://www.jcboe.org/mcnhs/], the most recently founded public school in Jersey City, was previously ranked as the top high school in New Jersey according to New Jersey Monthly magazine. In contrast, William L. Dickinson High School, located near Jersey City's downtown area, is the oldest high school in the city. It is also one of the largest schools in Hudson County, in terms of student population. Opened in 1906 as the Jersey City High School, it is one of the oldest sites in Jersey City. It is a three-story Beaux-Arts structure located on a hilltop facing the Hudson River. Other public high schools in Jersey City are James J. Ferris High School, the Hudson County Schools of Technology (which also has campuses in North Bergen and Secaucus), Liberty High School, Lincoln High School and Henry Snyder High School. St. Peters Preparatory School [http://www.stpetersprep.org/] is a private high school founded in 1872 by the Society of Jesus. With an average enrollment of just under 1,000, the school is an "independent college preparatory school for young men." Other private high schools in jersey City include Academy of Saint Aloysius, Hudson Catholic Regional High School, Kenmare High School for Women, St. Anthony High School, St. Dominic Academy and St. Mary High School.

Neighborhoods

Jersey City is a city of neighborhoods, each with a different aesthetic and architectural style, to some degree. Downtown Jersey City includes the Waterfront (including Newport, Paulus Hook, and Exchange Place), Hamilton Park, Grove Street, Harsimus Cove, and Van Vorst Park. Neighborhoods farther from downtown include Liberty State Park, Jersey City Heights (or, simply, "The Heights"), Western Slope, Journal Square, West Bergen / Lincoln Park, West Side, Bergen, Greenville, Lafayette and Marion. These designations are unofficial and, to some degree, subjective.

Downtown Jersey City

Downtown Jersey City is the area from the Newark Bay Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 78) and the New Jersey Palisades east to the Hudson River, bounded by Hoboken to the north and Liberty State Park to the south. Newport and Exchange Place are the redeveloped waterfront areas comprised mostly of residential towers, hotels and office buildings. Newport is a planned mixed-use community, built on the old Erie Lackawanna railyards, made up of residential rental towers, condominiums, office buildings, a marina, schools, restaurants, hotels, Newport Centre Mall, waterfront walkway, transportation facilities, and on-site parking for more than 15,000 vehicles. Newport had a significant hand in the renaissance of Jersey City and successfully converted abandoned railyards and brownfields into a thriving community. However, some critics have derided the Newport development, which is cut off from the rest of Jersey City by the Newport Centre Mall and other big box retail, for its lack of connections to surrounding areas. Additionally, some consider Newport to be very "suburban" in nature and unlike the rest of Jersey City. Exchange Place, the first part of Jersey City to redevelop, was built on the grounds of the old Jersey City Penn Station, ferry and shipping terminals. It is now a bustling business and financial district. To the west lay three brownstone neighborhoods with "historic" protected districts — Hamilton Park, Van Vorst Park, and Harsimus Cove — separated from the waterfront by a legacy of older infrastructure, big-box development, and old warehouses still awaiting re-use. Paulus Hook is another neighborhood with a historic designated zone that borders Exchange Place and Liberty State Park on the waterfront, and blends older brownstone streets with newer luxury developments.

Other neighborhoods

The [http://www.getnj.com/jerseycity/heights.shtml Jersey City Heights] is a neighborhood atop the Palisades overlooking Hoboken. [http://www.jcheights.com/index.html Central Avenue] is its primary commercial strip, with residential districts flanking the street on both sides. The Heights area is comprised mostly of two- and three-family houses, and remains traditionally middle-class. Six blocks to the east, and parallel to Central Avenue, are Palisade and Ogden Avenues, both of which offer breathtaking views of the Manhattan skyline. Many stately Victorian and Edwardian homes contribute to the attractiveness of the Heights, particularly along Summit Avenue and Sherman Place. Parts of this neighborhood are experiencing gentrification, largely due to the relative affordability of housing and the variety of transportation options, including the recently installed "light rail elevator" at Congress Street that connects to the Ninth Street station of the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail. The "Western Slope" area is on the back side of the Heights facing away from Manhattan and overlooking the marshes of the Meadowlands. Once the commercial heart of Jersey City, Journal Square has become rather derelict in recent years, but is in the process of rehabilitation, in part because of the efforts of the Journal Square Restoration Corporation (JSRC) and the Jersey City Economic Development Corporation (JCEDC). Here, Kennedy Boulevard and Bergen Avenue, main thoroughfares in the city, are at their widest, lined on both sides by brick houses and medium-density apartment complexes. The Stanley Theater and Loews Theatre on Kennedy Boulevard are among the city's most noted landmarks, and two of the best preserved movie palaces in the Tri-State area. Directly across Kennedy Boulevard from the Loews is the Journal Square Transportation Center (JSTC), which houses the Journal Square PATH railway station and the city's largest bus terminal. Buses from the JSTC connect Jersey City to communities throughout Hudson County, as well as Manhattan. Saint Peter's College is located about 10 blocks south of Journal Square. The West Bergen/Lincoln Park area is the area south of Montgomery Street and north of Communipaw Avenue, from Bergen Avenue on the east to West Side Avenue on the west. These neighborhoods are dominated by detached single-family houses with some of the best preserved Victorian and early 20th Century mansions in the city. Lincoln Park, one of the largest parks in the area, is a county park which includes recreational facilities (tennis, track, athletic fields, golf range, biking, running) and picnicing areas. Jersey City's West Side is very ethnically diverse. Many ethnic grocery shops (Filipino, Indian, West Indian) line West Side Avenue. It runs from west of Broadway near Route 440 to Danforth Avenue. The Greenville section runs from about 10 blocks south of Communipaw Avenue to the Bayonne City Line. It includes some of the most depressed areas in the city, but is slowly being revitalized, particularly along the light rail line. The crime rate is higher here than in any other part of Jersey City and many streets are lined with abandoned homes, but municipal aid over the past few years has helped in rebuilding many of them and in bringing life back to many of Greenville's neglected streets. Port Liberté used to be one of the many ports on the New Jersey side of the Hudson River. It was filled with industrial buildings until 1990 when developers began to transform the neighborhood into an upscale residential complex. It was not a smooth ride, but Port Liberté has emerged from bankcrupcy to become Venice on the Hudson. The only golf course ([http://www.libertynationalgc.com/ Liberty National Golf Course]) that is within a 15 minute ride from Manhattan is scheduled to open here in the summer of 2006.

Geography

1990 According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 54.7 km² (21.1 mi²). 38.6 km² (14.9 mi²) of it is land and 16.1 km² (6.2 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 29.37% water. Jersey City is bordered to the east by the Hudson River, to the north by Union City and Hoboken, to the west by Kearny and Newark, and to the south by Bayonne.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 240,055 people, 88,632 households, and 55,660 families residing in the city. The population density is 6,212.2/km² (16,093.7/mi²). There are 93,648 housing units at an average density of 2,423.4/km² (6,278.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 34.01% White, 28.32% African American, 0.45% Native American, 16.20% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 15.11% from other races, and 5.84% from two or more races. 28.31% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of all households, 31.1% have children under the age of 18 living there, 36.4% are married couples living together, 20.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 37.2% are non-families. 29.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 8.2% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.67 and the average family size is 3.37. The age distribution is spread out with 24.7% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 35.1% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 32 years. For every 100 females there are 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 92.6 males. The median income of its households is $37,862, and the median income of its families is $41,639. Males have a median income of $35,119 versus $30,494 for females. The per capita income for the city is $19,410. 18.6% of the population and 16.4% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 27.0% of those under the age of 18 and 17.5% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Transportation

Jersey City is served by a number of highways including the New Jersey Turnpike, Interstate 78, U.S. Highways 1 and 9, and New Jersey Routes 139 and 440. The Holland Tunnel, which carries Interstate 78, connects Jersey City to Manhattan. The city is also well served by public transportation. The Hudson-Bergen Light Rail, which connects Bayonne to Weehawken, has 13 stations in Jersey City. The PATH system, connecting to Newark and Manhattan, has four stations in Jersey City: Exchange Place, Pavonia-Newport, Grove Street, and Journal Square. Finally, ferry lines operate between Jersey City (Newport, Liberty Harbor, Harborside, Colgate, Port Liberté) and Manhattan (Midtown, the World Financial Center, and Pier 11). Ferries are operated by NY Waterway.

Facts

NY Waterway
- The Statue of Liberty stands on Liberty Island and it's address is 1 Communipaw Avenue, Jersey City, though the statue is maintained by the National Park Service. Likewise, Ellis Island is inside Jersey City's borders, but is managed jointly by the states of New Jersey and New York. The body of water that surrounds both islands is known as New York Harbor.
- The Colgate Clock, promoted by Colgate as the largest in the world, sits in Jersey City and faces Lower New York Bay and Lower Manhattan (it is clearly visible from Battery Park in lower Manhattan). The clock, which is 50 feet in diameter with a minute hand weighing 2,200 pounds, was erected in 1924 to replace a smaller one.
- The tallest building in New Jersey is Jersey City's Goldman Sachs Tower, which was completed in 2004. Other notable buildings in Jersey City include 101 Hudson Street, the Newport Tower, and the Exchange Place Centre.
- In 1916, German agents set off a series of explosions in present-day Liberty State Park in what came to be known as the Black Tom Explosion.
- Part of the 1993 Saturday Night Live spin-off movie Coneheads was filmed in Jersey City. The character of "Beldar Conehead", portrayed by Dan Aykroyd, worked in the town as an appliance repairman shortly after his spaceship crash-landed on Earth and lived in a trailer just outside the shop. His boss, Otto, was portrayed by Sinbad, and actor-comedian Eddie Griffin played a customer.

External links


- [http://www.cityofjerseycity.com/ City of Jersey City]
- [http://www.jcedc.org/ Jersey City Economic Development Corporation]
- [http://www.jerseycitymuseum.org/ Jersey City Museum]
- [http://www.njcu.edu/programs/jchistory/entries.htm Jersey City: Past and Present]
- [http://www.jerseycityhistory.net/jclandmarks.html Jersey City Landmarks Conservancy]
- [http://history.rays-place.com/nj/jersey-city-nj.htm History of Jersey City]
- [http://www.cityofjerseycity.org/ Jersey City History]
- [http://www.lincolnparktour.com/ Lincoln Park Neighborhood]
- [http://jclist.com/ Jersey City List] Category:Cities in New Jersey Category:Faulkner Act Category:New Jersey District Factor Group B Category:Hudson County, New Jersey Category:Jersey City, New Jersey Category:New York metropolitan area

1934

1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar).

Events

January-April


- January 1 - Alcatraz becomes a federal prison.
- January 1 - Nazi Germany passes the "Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring."
- January 7 - First Flash Gordon comic strip is published.
- January 10 - Execution of Marinus van der Lubbe
- January 24 - Einstein visits White House
- January 26 - The Apollo Theater opens in Harlem, New York City.
- February 9 - Gaston Doumergue forms a new government in France
- February 12 - The Export-Import Bank is incorporated.
- February 12 to February 16 - Austrian Civil War
- February 23 - Léopold III becomes King of Belgium.
- March 1 - Manchuria becomes Manchukuo
- March 3 - John Dillinger escapes from jail in Crown Point, Indiana, using a wooden pistol
- March 8 - Prince Sigvard of Sweden loses his titles because of his marriage
- March 20 - All the police forces in Germany come under command of Heinrich Himmler
- April 1 - Clyde Barrow and Henry Methvin kill two young highway patrolmen near Grapevine, Texas.
- April 6 - Rudyard Kipling and William Butler Yeats are awarded the Gothenburg Prize for Poetry.
- April 19 - Surgeon R.K. Wilson allegedly takes a photograph of the Loch Ness Monster.
- April 22 - John Dillinger and two others shoot their way out of the FBI ambush in northern Wisconsin

May-June


- May 7 - Pearl of Lao-Tze, 24 x 14 cm, is found in a giant clam off Palawan, Philippines
- May 11 - Dust Bowl: A strong two-day dust storm removes massive amounts of Great Plains topsoil in one of the worst dust storms of the Dust Bowl.
- May 15 - The United States Department of Justice offers a $25,000 reward for John Dillinger.
- May 15 - Kārlis Ulmanis establishes an authoritarian government in Latvia.
- May 23 - Near their hide-out in Black Lake, Louisiana, FBI men ambush bank robbers Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow and fire, killing them.
- May 24 - Tomás Masaryk re-elected president of Czechoslovakia
- May 28 - Near Callander, Ontario, the Dionne quintuplets are born to Olivia and Elzire Dionne later becoming the first quintuplets to survive infancy.
- June 6 - New Deal: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Securities Exchange Act into law, establishing the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
- June 9 - Release of the animated short The Wise Little Hen, directed by Bert Gillett for the Silly Symphonies series, featuring the debut of Donald Duck.
- June 10 - Italy beat Czechoslovakia 2-1 after extra time to win the 1934 World Cup.
- June 12 - Political parties banned in Bulgaria
- June 27 - Emir of Yemen and ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia conclude a peace treaty
- June 30 - The Nazi SA camp Oranienburg becomes national camp, taken over by the SS.
- June 30 - Night of the Long Knives - Nazis purge the SA

July-September


- July 10 - German social democrat and author Erich Mühsam killed in Oranienburg concentration camp
- July 17 - Supreme court of North Dakota declares lieutenant governor of the state, Ole Olsen, the legitimate governor and tells William Langer to resign. Langer proceeds to declare North Dakota independent. He revokes the declaration after the Supreme Court justices meet him
- July 19 - Francisco Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (1980; died in office).
- July 22 - Outside Chicago, Illinois's Biograph Theatre, "Public Enemy No. 1" John Dillinger is mortally wounded by FBI agents.
- July 25 - Austrian Nazis assassinate chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss during a failed coup attempt.
- August 2 - Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of Germany, becoming head of state as well as Chancellor.
- August 19 - The first All-American Soap Box Derby is held in Dayton, Ohio.
- September 8 - Off the New Jersey coast, a fire aboard the passenger liner Morro Castle kills 134 people.
- September 19 - Soviet Union joins the League of Nations
- September 21 - Hurricane in Honshu, Japan - 4000 dead
- November 27 - A running gun battle between FBI agents and bank robber Baby Face Nelson results in the death of one FBI agent and the mortal wounding of special agent Sam Cowley, who is still able to mortally shoot Nelson.
- September 28 - Afghanistan joins the League of Nations
- September 28 - Trial for the custody of young Gloria Vanderbilt begins - it lasts seven weeks and ends with a compromise
- September 29 - Stanley Matthews makes his England debut, beginning a record 23-year international career

October-December


- October 2 - Tornado in Osaka and Kyoto and destroys the rice harvest - 1660 dead, 5400 injured
- October 6 - Catalonian separatists rebel
- October 9 - King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French foreign minister Louis Barthou are assassinated during the king's state visit in Marseille
- October 16 - The Long March of Chinese communists begins
- November 13 - Italian government decrees that teachers must use a military or party uniform in a class
- November 21 - MCC makes an ultimately controversial decision to alter the lbw rule so a batsman can be lbw to a ball pitching outside off stump. The change is later blamed for many problems developing during the 1950s - primarily negative bowling outside leg stump to a field of short-leg fieldsmen.
- November 23 - An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at Walwal, which lay well within Ethiopian territory. This encounter leads to the Abyssinia Crisis.
- December 1 - In the Soviet Union, Politburo member Sergei Kirov is shot dead at the Communist Party headquarters in Leningrad by Leonid Nikolayev (it is widely thought that Soviet leader Joseph Stalin ordered this murder).
- December 5 - Abyssinia Crisis: Ethiopian and Italian troops exchange gunfire. Reported casualties for the Ethiopians are 150, and for the Italians 50.
- December 14 - Female suffrage in Turkey
- December 18 - Low-key fascist conference in Moreaux
- December 27 - Persia becomes Iran
- December 29 - Japan renounces the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and the London Naval Treaty of 1930.

Unknown dates


- The sonoluminescence effect is discovered.
- First Jay Gordon record is made.
- The GPU becomes the NKVD.
- The Maginot Line is finished.
- Abidjan becomes the capital of the French colony of Côte d'Ivoire.

Births

January


- January 7 - Charlie Jenkins, American runner
- January 9 - Bart Starr, American football player
- January 11 - Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada
- January 16 - Marilyn Horne, American mezzo-soprano
- January 18 - Raymond Briggs, English writer and illustrator
- January 20 - Tom Baker, English actor
- January 22 - Bill Bixby, American television actor (d. 1993)
- January 24 - Stanisław Grochowiak, Polish poet and dramatist (d. 1976)

February


- February 5 - Hank Aaron, baseball player
- February 7 - Earl King, American musician (d. 2003)
- February 10 - Fleur Adcock, New Zealand poet
- February 11 - Tina Louise, American actress
- February 11 - Mary Quant, English fashion designer
- February 11 - John Surtees, British race car driver
- February 12 - Bill Russell, American basketball player
- February 13 - George Segal, American actor
- February 14 - Michel Corboz, Swiss conductor
- February 14 - Florence Henderson, American television actress
- February 15 - Niklaus Wirth, Swiss computer scientist
- February 17 - Alan Bates, English actor (d. 2003)
- February 17 - Barry Humphries, Australian actor and comedian
- February 20 - Bobby Unser, American race car driver
- February 21 - Rue McClanahan, American actress
- February 22 - Sparky Anderson, baseball manager
- February 24 - Bettino Craxi, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 2000)
- February 24 - Renata Scotto, Italian soprano
- February 27 - Ralph Nader, American consumer activist

March-April


- March 1 - Jean-Michel Folon, Belgian sculptor (d. 2005)
- March 1 - Joan Hackett, American actress (d. 1983)
- March 4 - Janez Strnad, Slovenian physicist
- March 5 - Daniel Kahneman, Israeli economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- March 7 - Willard Scott, American television broadcaster
- March 9 - Yuri Gagarin, cosmonaut (d. 1968)
- March 11 - Sam Donaldson, American reporter
- March 13 - Barry Hughart, American author
- March 16 - Ray Hnatyshyn, Canadian Governor-General (d. 2002)
- March 20 - Willie Brown, Mayor of San Francisco, California
- March 22 - Orrin Hatch, U.S. Senator from Utah
- March 26 - Alan Arkin, American actor
- March 31 - Shirley Jones, American singer and actress
- March 31 - Carlo Rubbia, Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- April 1 - Rod Kanehl, baseball player (d. 2004)
- April 2 - Paul Joseph Cohen, American mathematician
- April 2 - Brian Glover, British actor and wrestler (d. 1997)
- April 3 - Jane Goodall, English zoologist
- April 24 - Shirley MacLaine, American actress
- April 29 - Otis Rush, American musician

May-August


- May 3 - Henry Cooper, British boxer
- May 9 - Alan Bennett, British actor and writer
- May 13 - Leon Wagner, baseball player (d. 2004)
- May 14 - Siân Phillips, Welsh actress
- May 19 - Jim Lehrer, American television journalist
- May 21 - Bengt I. Samuelsson, Swedish biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- May 22 - Peter Nero, American pianist
- May 23 - Robert Moog, American inventor of the synthesizer
- May 27 - Harlan Ellison, American writer
- May 28 - Dionne quintuplets, world's first surviving quintuplets
- May 30 - Aleksei Leonov, cosmonaut
- June 3 - Rolland D. McCune, American theologian
- June 6 - King Albert II of Belgium
- June 16 - William Forsyth Sharpe, American economicst, Nobel Prize laureate
- June 26 - Jeremy Wolfenden, British journalist (d. 1965)
- June 30 - Harry Blackstone Jr., American magician (d. 1997)
- July 1 - Jean Marsh, British actress
- July 11 - Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer
- July 12 - Van Cliburn, American pianist
- July 13 - Wole Soyinka, Nigerian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
- July 13 - Aleksei Yeliseyev, cosmonaut
- July 14 - John Tyndall, British politician (d. 2005)
- July 15 - Harrison Birtwistle, English composer
- August 2 - Valery Bykovsky, cosmonaut
- August 18 - Roberto Clemente, Puerto Rican Major League Baseball player (d. 1972)

September-December


- September 2 - Dominic Chianese, American actor
- September 4 - Clive Granger, Welsh-born economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- September 7 - Little Milton, American musician
- September 8 - Peter Maxwell Davies, English composer
- September 10 - Charles Kuralt, American journalist (d. 1997)
- September 17 - Maureen Connolly, American tennis player (d. 1969)
- September 20 - Sophia Loren, Italian actress
- October 1 - Chuck Hiller, baseball player (d. 2004)
- October 2 - Earl Wilson, baseball player (d. 2005)
- October 17 - Rico Rodriguez, Jamaican trombonist
- October 18 - Chuck Swindoll, American evangelist
- October 26 - Roy Ascott, British artist
- October 30 - Frans Brüggen, Dut