Brichany is a Moldavian city. It is the capital of the Briceni raion which currently has a population of 80,000, making it the fifth largest raion in Moldova.
The town is also called: Berchan, Briceni, Briceni Sat, Briceni Târg, Bricheni, Bricheni Sat, Bricheni Târg, Britchan, Britchani, Britsiteni.
A second shtetl, around 30 miles (50 km) away to the east, is also known as Brichany or Briceni. Some sources appear to treat the two Brichany/Briceni shtetls as the same place.
- The first Brichany is at 48° 22´ north latitude and 27° 06´ east longitude, which put the shtetl 200 km northwest of Chişinău (also Chisenau, Cisenau, Kisheneff, Kishenev), the capital of Moldova.
- The second Brichany/Briceni is at 48° 22´ north latitude and 27° 42´ east longitude, which put that shtetl 108 miles (174 km) north northwest of Chişinău -- and on the northeasternmost border of Moldova.
Maps
- [http://www.mapquest.com/maps/map.adp?latlongtype=decimal&latitude=48.3667&longitude=27.1000 Mapquest map of Brichany]
External links
- [http://eng.guta.ru/tpl/wu_full.php?city=15&country=116&location=54831 Western Union in Brichany]
- [http://www.moldtelecom.md/branches/briceni/en.html Moldtelecom in Briceni]
- [http://www.holland-moldova.nl/fotoalbums/Branzene/ Pictures of Briceni]
- [http://www.yellowpages.md/query_eng.asp?rgn=&town=Briceni&street=&mode=4&imageField4.x=0&imageField4.y=0 Yellow pages for Briceni]
Category:Cities in Moldova
Moldavian
:and the article be renamed to Moldavia.
:For other uses see Moldova (disambiguation).Moldova (disambiguation)Moldova (disambiguation)
Moldavia, (Romanian: Moldova, Turkish: Bogdan) was a medieval principality on the lower Danube river which, along with Wallachia, formed the basis for the modern Romanian state. Its name originates from the Moldova river.
The principality in its greatest extent streched from Transylvania in the west to the Dniester River in the east, but had its nucleus in the northwestern part, the Ţara de Sus ("Upper Land"), which later became known as Bukovina. This area contained Suceava, the capital of the principality from 1359-1565. Iaşi was the capital from 1565-1859.
The political entity known as Moldavia was founded in the mid-14th century by the Vlach leader Dragoş of Maramureş, who had been ordered by the Hungarian king to establish a defence line for the Kingdom of Hungary against the Tatars. Bogdan I became the first independent prince of Moldavia when he rejected Hungarian authority in 1359. Later it became a vassal of Poland.
The greatest Moldavian prince was Ştefan cel Mare, (Stephen the Great), who ruled from 1457-1504. With his army of boyars and retainers, Stefan fought off invasions from the Ottoman Empire, the Kingdom of Poland, and the Crimean Tatars. Ştefan fought 36 major battles, but suffered only two defeats. By the end of his reign, Moldavia had kept its independence, although an annual tribute was made to the Ottomans.
Ştefan was succeeded by weak princes who let incompetent boyars rule the state; because the boyars did not pay taxes, the state became bankrupt. Moldavia succumbed to Ottoman power in 1512, becoming a vassal of the empire for the most of the next 300 years. In addition to paying tribute to the Ottoman Empire, Moldavia later acceded to the selection of local rulers by Ottoman authorities. Moldavia suffered repeated invasions by the Ottomans, Crimean Tatars, and Russians.
In the beginning of the 17th century, magnates of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth clashed with the Ottomans over control of Moldavia in the Moldavian Magnate Wars.
Starting from the early-18th century the princes were selected by the Ottomans from Phanariotes, influential Greek families from Constantinople (İstanbul), rather than the local nobility.
In 1774 the territory became a Russian protectorship while remaining formally a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. By the Treaty of Bucharest following the Russo-Turkish War (1806-1812), Moldavia lost Bessarabia to Russia and Bukovina to Austria. In 1821 a revolt overthrew the unpopular Phanariote regime and, after political and economic reforms were implemented with Russian support, a constitution, the Règlement Organique, was adopted in 1832.
After Russia's defeat in the Crimean War (1853-1856), the Treaty of Paris stipulated that Moldavia and Wallachia were to be placed under the collective guarantee of the seven powers that signed the treaty, as well as the retrocession to Moldavia of Southern Bessarabia (Izmail, Bolhrad, Cahul counties).
In 1859 (formally in 1861) the Principality of Moldavia united with the Principality of Wallachia by the election of Alexander John Cuza as prince of both Wallachia and Moldavia, laying the foundations for modern Romania.
Category:History of RomaniaCategory:Former countries in EuropeCategory:History of Moldova
History of the oldest Eastern European shtetls began about a millennium ago and saw periods of relative tolerance and prosperity as well as times of extreme poverty, hardships and pogroms.
The May Laws introduced by Tsar Alexander III of Russia in 1882 banned Jews from rural areas and towns of less than ten thousand people. In the 20th century revolutions, civil wars, industrialization and the Holocaust destroyed traditional shtetl existence.
Famous communities
Traditional names are given, with present-day names and localisations in parentheses.
- [http://www.jewishgen.org/ JewishGen]
- [http://www.jewishgen.org/ShtetlSeeker/ The JewishGen ShtetlSeeker]
- [http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/ ShtetLinks]
- [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=30&letter=G Galicia], [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=329&letter=D Diaspora] - Jewish Encyclopedia - [http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/pages/t036/t03605.html Cities of Poland] - Simon Wiesenthal Center Multimedia Learning Center Online
- [http://www.ibiblio.org/yiddish/shtetl.html Virtual Shtetl]
- [http://www.my-synagogue.com/about3.html The Art of Dora Shampanier]
- [http://www.avotaynu.com/books/encytowns.htm Towns in the Encyclopedia of Jewish Life]
- [http://www.aforgottenodyssey.com/gallery/view_album.php?set_albumName=album07&page=1 Pre-1939 Kresy (now Ukraine) photo album]
- [http://www.jewishwebindex.com/polish_shtetls.htm Jewish Web Index - Polish Shtetls]
- [http://www.zchor.org/hitachdut/pinkas1.htm The Lost Jewish Communities of Poland]
- [http://members.core.com/~mikerose/history.html History of the Jews in Poland]
- [http://www.berdichev.org/history.html History of Berdychiv]
Category:Jewish historyCategory:YiddishCategory:Human geographyja:シュテットル
Latitude
Latitude, sometimes denoted by the Greek letter φ, gives the location of a place on Earth north or south of the Equator. Latitude is an angular measurement ranging from 0° at the Equator to 90° at the poles (90º N or 90º S).
Co-latitude is the complement of latitude.
complement showing lines of latitude, which appear straight and horizontal in this projection, but are actually circular with different radii.]]
Lines of latitude
All locations of a given latitude are collectively referred to as a line of latitude or parallel, because they are coplanar, and all such planes are parallel to the Equator. Lines of latitude other than the Equator are approximately small circles on the surface of the Earth; they are not geodesics since the shortest route between two points at the same latitude involves moving farther away from the equator. A specific latitude may then be combined with a specific longitude to give a precise position on the Earth's surface.
Subdivisions
Each degree of latitude is further sub-divided into 60 minutes (one arcminute of latitude is exactly one nautical mile or 1852 metres), each of which divides into 60 seconds. A latitude is thus specified as 13° 19′ 43" N. For high accuracy, the seconds are specified with a decimal fraction. An alternative representation uses degrees and minutes, where parts of a minute are expressed as a decimal fraction, thus: 13° 19.717′ N. Degrees expressed as a decimal number (Decimal Degree notation) is more often used: 13.32861° N. Sometimes, the North/South suffix is replaced by a negative sign for South (-90º for the south pole).
A region's latitude has a great effect on its climate and weather. Latitude more loosely determines tendencies in climate, polar auroras, prevailing winds, and other physical characteristics of geographic locations.
Types of latitude
Because the Earth is slightly flattened by its rotation, cartographers refer to a variety of auxiliary latitudes to precisely adapt spherical projections according to their purpose.
Common "latitude"
- In common usage, "latitude" refers to geodetic or geographic latitude φ and is the angle between the equatorial plane and a line that is normal to the reference spheroid, which approximates the shape of the Earth to account for flattening of the poles and bulging of the equator.
The expressions following assume elliptical polar sections with eccentricity e, and that all sections parallel to the equatorial plane are circular. Geographic latitude (with longitude) then provides a Gauss map.
Reduced latitude
- Reduced or parametric latitude β is the latitude of the same radius on the sphere with the same equator.
::
Authalic latitude
- Authalic latitude ξ gives an area-preserving transform to the sphere.
:::
:
Rectifying latitude
- Rectifying latitude μ is the surface distance from the equator, scaled so the pole is 90°. Unfortunately, it is an incomplete elliptic integral:
::
Conformal latitude
- Conformal latitude χ gives an angle-preserving (conformal) transform to the sphere.
::
Geocentric latitude
- The geocentric latitude φg is the angle between the equatorial plane and a line from the center of the Earth.
::
For other planets such as Mars, geographic and geocentric latitude are called "planetographic" and "planetocentric" latitude, respectively. Most maps of Mars since 2002 use planetocentric coordinates.
Approximate difference from geographic latitude
φ
reduced φ − β
authalic φ − ξ
rectifying φ − μ
conformal φ − χ
geocentric φ − φg
0°
0.00′
0.00′
0.00′
0.00′
0.00′
5°
1.01′
1.35′
1.52′
2.02′
2.02′
10°
1.99′
2.66′
2.99′
3.98′
3.98′
15°
2.91′
3.89′
4.37′
5.82′
5.82′
20°
3.75′
5.00′
5.62′
7.48′
7.48′
25°
4.47′
5.96′
6.70′
8.92′
8.92′
30°
5.05′
6.73′
7.57′
10.09′
10.09′
35°
5.48′
7.31′
8.22′
10.95′
10.96′
40°
5.75′
7.66′
8.62′
11.48′
11.49′
45°
5.84′
7.78′
8.76′
11.67′
11.67′
50°
5.75′
7.67′
8.63′
11.50′
11.50′
55°
5.49′
7.32′
8.23′
10.97′
10.98′
60°
5.06′
6.75′
7.59′
10.12′
10.13′
65°
4.48′
5.97′
6.72′
8.95′
8.96′
70°
3.76′
5.01′
5.64′
7.52′
7.52′
75°
2.92′
3.90′
4.39′
5.85′
5.85′
80°
2.00′
2.67′
3.00′
4.00′
4.01′
85°
1.02′
1.35′
1.52′
2.03′
2.03′
90°
0.00′
0.00′
0.00′
0.00′
0.00′
Astronomical latitude
- A more obscure measure of latitude is the astronomical latitude, which is the angle between the equatorial plane and the normal to the geoid (ie a plumb line). It originated as the angle between horizon and pole star.
Latitude and wealth
It is frequently observed that there is a distinct correlation between latitude and the wealth of nations. The continents along the equator, Africa and South America are the poorest. Even within Africa and South America this can be seen as the nations furthest from the equator are wealthier. In Africa the wealthiest nations are the three on the southern tip of the continent, South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia, and the countries of North Africa. Similarly in Latin America Argentina, Chile and Uruguay have long been the wealthiest. Within Asia, Indonesia, located on the equator, is among the poorest. The wealthiest nations of the world with the highest standard of living tend to be those at the northern extreme of areas open to human habitation, Canada, and the Nordic Countries. Within the wealthy continents, and even within large countries wealth increases with distance from the equator. Southern Europe has long been poorer as has the Southern United States.
There have been a number of explanations for this phenomenon. The first to describe and try to assess it was the FrenchphilosopheMontesquieu who proposed that cold weather means less blood in the extremities, which makes the flesh less elastic; this gives northerners more strength and makes them less able to relax. This forcing of the blood inward, according to Montesquieu also means more flows through the heart, increasing vitality. These findings have been wholly discredited by modern science.
Evolutionary explanations
One explanation is grounded in evolutionary theory. Some have argued that as humans migrated into higher latitudes and encountered colder weather there, the cold weather forced the evolution of higher group intelligence by forcing inhabitants to perform more intellectually demanding tasks, such as building shelter, fires, and clothing, in order to survive (Lynn, 1991).
One study that supports this notion was performed by Beals et al. (1984, p. 309), who found a correlation of 0.62 (p=0.00001) between latitude and cranial capacity in samples worldwide and reported that each degree of latitude was associated with an increase of 2.5 cm³ in cranial volume.
Researchers such as J. Philippe Rushton have argued that the association of greater brain size with greater latitude is due to the fact that cold weather imposes on its inhabitants more cognitively demanding tasks such as the need to construct shelter, make clothing, and store food.
Non-evolutionary explanations
Another explanation that is still widely held is that modern technologies and institutions were designed primarily in a small area of north western Europe. Thus agricultural techniques, machines, and medicines were designed to suit a temperate climate. These technologies and models readily spread to areas of similar climate, such as North America and Australia. As these areas also became centres of innovation this bias was further enhanced. Vastly less effort has been put into improving tropical agriculture than temperate because of this. Technologies, from automobiles to power lines are designed for colder drier regions and tend to work far worse in the tropics.
In simple words, the life in tropics doesn't create a strong natural urge for new technology development since life conditions in terms of basic body needs are comfortable enough. The colder the weather, the more life necessities are required for survival, which creates a strong motivation for ongoing innovative process. To make a comfortable life farther from tropics requires a more advanced technology. But once the life is comfortable enough, the 'innovation belt' is moving further from equator again.
Thus, there exists a vicious cycle of technologies being designed for the wealthy, which makes them more wealthy and thus more able to fund technological development. One piece of evidence for this is that the far north has not always been the wealthiest latitude. Until only a few centuries ago, the wealthiest belt stretched from Southern Europe through the Middle East, northern India and southern China. A dramatic shift in technologies beginning with ocean going ships and culminating in the Industrial Revolution saw the most developed belt move north, in Europe, in China, and in the Americas. Northern Russia became a superpower while southern India became impoverished and colonized. Such dramatic changes argue that the current distribution of wealth is not due to immutable factors such as climate or race.
Linked to this explanation is that of disease. The tropics are far more prone to devastating diseases due to their temperature that makes life easier on vectors such as insects and rodents. There has long been a malarial belt spanning the globe; this made human life more difficult. Most notably it was almost impossible for most forms of northern livestock to thrive. These problems have been compounded by the wealth of the north: vastly more research money goes into curing the ailments of northerners.
Physiologist Jared Diamond, in his Pulitzer Prize-winning work Guns, Germs, and Steel, made the case that the Europe-Asia land mass is particularly favorable for the transition of societies from hunter-gatherer to farming communities. The continent stretches much further along the same lines of latitude than any of the other continents. As it is much easier to transfer a domesticated species along the same latitude than it is to move it to a warmer or colder climate, any species developed at a particular latitude will be transferred across the continent in a relatively short amount of time. Thus the inhabitants of this continent have a built-in advantage in terms of earlier development of farming, and a greater range of plants and animals from which to choose.
He also linked this progression to the development of diseases that were later to threaten the inhabitants of other continents. The close association of people in Europe-Asia with their domesticated animals provided a vector for the rapid transmission of diseases. Inhabitants of lands with few domesticated species were never exposed to the same range of diseases, and so, at least on the American continents, succumbed to diseases introduced from Europe.
Further reading
- John P. Snyder Map Projections: a working manualUSGS
- [http://www.bcca.org/misc/qiblih/latlong.html Look-up Latitude and Longitude]
- [http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~cvm/latlon_find_location.html Resources for determining your latitude and longitude]
- [http://geography.about.com/library/howto/htdegrees.htm Convert decimal degrees into degrees, minutes, seconds] - Info about decimal to sexagesimal conversion
- [http://sundials.org/links/local/pages/dd_dms.htm NASS - Convert degrees/minutes/seconds to decimal degrees and vice versa] - JavaScript version
- [http://www.marinewaypoints.com/learn/greatcircle.shtml Distance calculation based on latitude and longitude] - JavaScript version
- [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference_maps/pdf/political_world.pdf Zoomable version of the map] (pdf)
Category:NavigationCategory:Angleja:緯度th:ละติจูด
Chisinau
Chişinău (MoldovanCyrillic: Кишинэу [kishinéu]; Russian: Кишинёв [kishinyov]) pronounced ki-shi-now, IPA /kiʃinəǔ/) is the capital and the largest city of Moldova. Chişinău is considered one of the greenest cities in Europe.
Europe
Geography
The city is located on the river Bîc, a tributary of the Nistru (Dniestr), at , and is divided into five administrative districts. Chişinău has an area of 120 km2 and its whole municipality has 635 km2.
Chişinău is a major industrial and services centre; its main industries include consumer and electrical goods, building materials, machinery, plastics, rubber, and textiles. The main service fields are banking and shopping/commerce.
The city is home to thirty-six universities, and to the Academy of Sciences of Moldova.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the city has become a relatively lively and well-appointed capital, with a much higher standard of living than most rural areas.
Soviet Union
Population
Total population - 601,000 (As of 2004)
- Moldovans - 68.4%
- Russians - 13.7%
- Ukrainians - 8.4%
- Romanians - 4.4%
- Bulgarians - 1.2%
- Gagauzians - 0.9%
- Others - 2.9%
According to a May 19, 2005 story in Moldova Azi, a group of international census experts described the Moldovan census as "generally conducted in a professional manner", while remarking that that "a few topics… were potentially more problematic". Among the problematic topics:
#The census includes at least some Moldovans who had been living abroad over one year at the time of the census.
#The precision of numbers about nationality/ethnicity and language was questioned. Some enumerators apparently encouraged respondents to declare that they were "Moldovan" rather than "Romanian", and even within a single family there may have been confusion about these terms.
With respect to these matters, especially the latter, the expert group recommended that the Moldovan National Bureau of Statistics carry out an evaluation study, offered their assistance in doing so, and indicated their intention of further studying the matter themselves.
Moldova Azi
Name
The city was formerly known by its Russian language name, Кишинёв (Kishinyov); the somewhat inaccurate transliteration of that as Kishinev remains a common English-language name for the city, especially in historical contexts.
The origin of the name is obscure. There is another city named Chişineu in Western Romania, near the border with Hungary and the etymology of this place is believed to be Hungarian "Kisjenő" (Small John). Another possible etymology is "kesene", a Cuman word for "crypt".
Notes
# [http://azi.md/news?ID=34282 Experts Offering to Consult the National Statistics Bureau in Evaluation of the Census Data], Moldova Azi, May 19, 2005, story attributed to AP Flux. Retrieved October 11, 2005.
References
External links
- [http://www.chisinau.md Official site of Chişinău] (in Romanian only)
- [http://www.kishinev.org Jewish community of Chişinău]
- "[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=247&letter=K Kishinef(Kishinev)]", by Rosenthal, Herman & Rosenthal, Max, in the Jewish Encyclopedia (1901-1906)
- [http://www.nomer.org/kishinev/ Chişinău telephone directory] (primarily in Russian, some minimal content in English, French, German)
- [http://www.moldovanet.net/rubrique.php?id_rubrique=27 Chişinău - Magazine Moldavie] (in French)
- [http://www.elections2005.md/chisinau/ 2005 Chişinău election for mayor]
Maps
- [http://www.allmoldova.com/map.php?lang=en Map of Chişinău]
- [http://uk.geocities.com/vitalie_eremia/chisinau.htm A Chişinău "interactive" map with images]
Category:Cities in Moldovako:키시너우ja:キシナウ
Kishenev
Chişinău (MoldovanCyrillic: Кишинэу [kishinéu]; Russian: Кишинёв [kishinyov]) pronounced ki-shi-now, IPA /kiʃinəǔ/) is the capital and the largest city of Moldova. Chişinău is considered one of the greenest cities in Europe.
Europe
Geography
The city is located on the river Bîc, a tributary of the Nistru (Dniestr), at , and is divided into five administrative districts. Chişinău has an area of 120 km2 and its whole municipality has 635 km2.
Chişinău is a major industrial and services centre; its main industries include consumer and electrical goods, building materials, machinery, plastics, rubber, and textiles. The main service fields are banking and shopping/commerce.
The city is home to thirty-six universities, and to the Academy of Sciences of Moldova.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the city has become a relatively lively and well-appointed capital, with a much higher standard of living than most rural areas.
Soviet Union
Population
Total population - 601,000 (As of 2004)
- Moldovans - 68.4%
- Russians - 13.7%
- Ukrainians - 8.4%
- Romanians - 4.4%
- Bulgarians - 1.2%
- Gagauzians - 0.9%
- Others - 2.9%
According to a May 19, 2005 story in Moldova Azi, a group of international census experts described the Moldovan census as "generally conducted in a professional manner", while remarking that that "a few topics… were potentially more problematic". Among the problematic topics:
#The census includes at least some Moldovans who had been living abroad over one year at the time of the census.
#The precision of numbers about nationality/ethnicity and language was questioned. Some enumerators apparently encouraged respondents to declare that they were "Moldovan" rather than "Romanian", and even within a single family there may have been confusion about these terms.
With respect to these matters, especially the latter, the expert group recommended that the Moldovan National Bureau of Statistics carry out an evaluation study, offered their assistance in doing so, and indicated their intention of further studying the matter themselves.
Moldova Azi
Name
The city was formerly known by its Russian language name, Кишинёв (Kishinyov); the somewhat inaccurate transliteration of that as Kishinev remains a common English-language name for the city, especially in historical contexts.
The origin of the name is obscure. There is another city named Chişineu in Western Romania, near the border with Hungary and the etymology of this place is believed to be Hungarian "Kisjenő" (Small John). Another possible etymology is "kesene", a Cuman word for "crypt".
Notes
# [http://azi.md/news?ID=34282 Experts Offering to Consult the National Statistics Bureau in Evaluation of the Census Data], Moldova Azi, May 19, 2005, story attributed to AP Flux. Retrieved October 11, 2005.
References
External links
- [http://www.chisinau.md Official site of Chişinău] (in Romanian only)
- [http://www.kishinev.org Jewish community of Chişinău]
- "[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=247&letter=K Kishinef(Kishinev)]", by Rosenthal, Herman & Rosenthal, Max, in the Jewish Encyclopedia (1901-1906)
- [http://www.nomer.org/kishinev/ Chişinău telephone directory] (primarily in Russian, some minimal content in English, French, German)
- [http://www.moldovanet.net/rubrique.php?id_rubrique=27 Chişinău - Magazine Moldavie] (in French)
- [http://www.elections2005.md/chisinau/ 2005 Chişinău election for mayor]
Maps
- [http://www.allmoldova.com/map.php?lang=en Map of Chişinău]
- [http://uk.geocities.com/vitalie_eremia/chisinau.htm A Chişinău "interactive" map with images]
Category:Cities in Moldovako:키시너우ja:キシナウ
Empress Yin (陰皇后, personal name unknown) (d. 102?) was an empress during Han Dynasty. She was Emperor He's first wife.
She was the daughter of Yin Gang (陰綱), the grandson of Emperor Guangwu's wife Empress Yin Lihua's brother Yin Shi (陰識). She became an imperial consort in 92 and quickly became a favorite of Emperor He. She was described as beautiful but short and clumsy, and often unable to carry out the ceremonies that empresses are to perform with physical grace. She was also described as arrogant due to her noble heritage.
In 96, Emperor He created her empresses. In 97, he created her father Yin Gang the Marquess of Wufang.
As the years went by, Empress Yin began to lose Emperor He's favor, particularly because she was jealous of another favorite of his, Consort Deng Sui, who came from a noble lineage herself -- she was the granddaughter of Emperor Guangwu's prime minister Deng Yu. Compared to Empress Yin's arrogance, Consort Deng was described as humble and always trying to maintain peaceful relations with other consorts and ladies in waiting. She, concerned that Emperor He was continually losing sons in young age, often would recommend other consorts for Empress He to have sexual relations with, while Empress Yin did not. She therefore became more and more popular.
Once, when Emperor He was ill, Empress Yin made the remark that if she became empress dowager, the Dengs would be slaughtered -- and upon hearing that remark, Consort Deng considered committing suicide, and one of her ladies in waiting saved her by falsely telling her that the emperor had recovered. However, the emperor did soon recover, so Consort Deng and her family escaped a terrible fate.
In 102, Empress Yin and her grandmother, Deng Zhu (鄧朱), were accused of using witchcraft to curse imperial consorts (probably including Consort Deng). Lady Deng and her sons, as well as Empress Yin's brother Yin Fu (陰輔), died under interrogation and torture. Empress Yin was deposed, and her father Yin Gang (陰綱) committed suicide. The rest of her family was exiled. She herself died in sorrow, probably in 102 as well. After she was deposed, Consort Deng was created empress to replace her.
Yin, Empress HeYin, Empress He
Electronic counter-counter-measures
Electronic counter-counter measures, or ECCM, refers to an electronic system's ability to function in the presence of Electronic counter-measures, or ECM. Because the label ECCM is fairly cumbersome, the synonym, electronic protection, or Electronic Protective Measures, or EPM, is more common in modern usage. Also see Electronic warfare. In practice, EPM often means resistance to jamming. With radar, the following are some examples of EPM.
Ehudh
Ehud Ben Gera (אֵהוּד "Union", Standard Hebrew Ehud, Tiberian Hebrew ʼĒhûḏ), in the BiblicalBook of Judges (3:12-4:1) was the Judge who fought against the Moabites, which were ruled by King Eglon. Ehud had made a short double edged sword about a foot and
Oholibamah
Aholibamah (אָהֳלִיבָמָה "My tabernacle of/is height/exaltation", Standard Hebrew Oholivama, Tiberian Hebrew ʼOhŏlîḇāmāh), the name given to Judith, the daughter of
Beeri = Anah (Gen. 26:34; 36:2), when she became the wife of Esau. A district among the mountains of Edom, probably near
Oholivama
Aholibamah (אָהֳלִיבָמָה "My tabernacle of/is height/exaltation", Standard Hebrew Oholivama, Tiberian Hebrew ʼOhŏlîḇāmāh), the name given to Judith, the daughter of
Beeri = Anah (Gen. 26:34; 36:2), when she became the wife of Esau. A district among the mountains of Edom, probably near
