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Steklo
Steklo je anorganski proizvod taljenja, ki postane pri ohlajanju na sobno temperaturo trd in krhek. S spreminjanjem kemične sestave in načina izdelave dobimo, stekla katerih lastnosti ustrezajo najrazličnejšim namenom uporabe. Natrijevo steklo je navadno in ga najpogosteje uporabljamo za kozarce, steklenice in šipe. Svinčevo steklo uporabljamo predvsem za optične predmete. Borovo steklo se uporablja v laboratorijih in gospodinjstvu, ker je odporno proti spremembam temperature.
Brezbarvno izdelujejo iz zelo čistih surovin. Da bo pa steklo obarvano z neko nianso barve je potrebno stekleni masi dodati določeno snov. Tako na primer z majhno primesjo železa obarvamo steklo z zeleno rumenim tonom. Barvna stekla dobimo z dodatkom raznih kovinskih oksidov. Kromov oksid obarva steklo zeleno, bakrov modro, manganov oksid pa vijoličasto. Rdeče steklo dobimo, če mu dodamo zlato.
Natrij
Nátrij je kemijski element, ki ima simbol Na in atomsko število 11. Natrij je mehka, voskasta, srebrna reaktivna kovina, ki spada v skupino alkalijskih kovin in ga je v izobilju v naravnih spojinah (posebno halitih). Je izjemno reaktiven in gori z rumenim plamenom, na zraku oksidira in burno reagira z vodo, zaradi česar ga je treba hraniti v nafti.
Nekatere spojine
- Na3AlF6 - natrijev heksafluoro aluminat = kriolit
- NaCl - kuhinjska sol
- NaOH - natrijev hidroksid
Kategorija:Kemijski elementi
ja:ナトリウム
ko:나트륨
simple:Sodium
th:โซเดียม
KauravasThe term Kaurava is a Sanskrit term, that means the descendants of Kuru, a legendary king who is the ancestor of many of the characters of the Mahabharata. It is often written as Kauravas in English; technically this plural form is incorrect since the Sanskrit form is plural already. The singular term, for a single descendant of Kuru, is Kaura.
The term is used in the Mahabharata with two meanings;
1. the wider meaning, to represent all the descendants of Kuru. This meaning, which includes the Pandava brothers, is sometimes used in the Mahabharata, especially in some of the earlier parts.
2. the commoner and narrower meaning, to represent the elder line of the descendants of King Kuru. This restricts it to the children of King Dhritarashtra, as his line is the elder line of descent from Kuru. It excludes the children of the younger brother Pandu, who founds his own line, the Pandava.
The rest of this article deals with the Kaurava in the narrower sense, that is the children of Dhritarashtra, by Queen Gandhari.
According to the standard texts, Gandhari wanted a hundred sons, and Vyasa granted her a boon that she would have these. She became pregnant, but did not deliver for two years, after which she gave birth to a lump of flesh. Vyasa cut this lump into a hundred and one pieces, and these eventually developed into a hundred boys and one girl.
This story should be read in view of the dispute over the succession to the throne of the kingdom. It attributes a late birth to Duryodhana, the eldest son of Dhritarashtra, despite his father's early marriage. This legitimises the case for his cousin Yudhisthira to claim the throne, since he could claim to be the eldest of his generation.
Although all hundred sons have been named, only the first few are normally mentioned in the Mahabharata. The first five are;
- Duryodhana
- Dushasana
- Dussala
- Jalagandha
- Sama
Other named sons include Vikarna.
The daughter is named Dusshalaa.
All the male Kauravas were killed in the great battle at Kurukshetra.
See also
- The Kurus
Category:Mahabharata epic
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