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| 900年代 |
900年代世纪: 9世纪 - 10世纪 - 11世纪
年代: 860年代 - 870年代 - 880年代 - 890年代 -
900年代 - 910年代 - 920年代 - 930年代 - 940年代
历年: 900年 - 901年 - 902年 - 903年 - 904年 -
905年 - 906年 - 907年 - 908年 - 909年
----
大事记
出生
逝世
Category:10世纪
世纪
一个世纪是一百年，通常是指连续的一百年。
当用来计算日子时，世纪通常从可以被100整除的年代或此后一年开始，例如2000年或2001年。这种奇数的纪年法来自于耶稣纪元后，其中的1年通常表示“吾主之年”（year of our lord），因此第一世纪从公元1年到公元100年，而20世纪则从公元1901年到公元2000年，因此2001年是21世纪的第一年。不过，有人将公元1世纪定为99年，而以后的世纪则为100年，如果按照这种定义的话，2000年则为21世纪的第一年。
- 参看：年代、千年
史前
- 前10千年 前9千年 前8千年 前7千年 前6千年 前5千年 前4千年
Category:时间单位
ja:年表
simple:Century
zh-min-nan:Sè-kí
9世纪
800年至899年的这一段期间被称为9世纪。
- 年代 - 世纪 - 千年
重要事件、发展与成就
- 科学技术
- 战争与政治
- 公元9世纪的天灾人祸
- 文化娱乐
- 社會與經濟
- 疾病与医学
- 环境与自然资源
- 宗教與哲學
重要人物
世界领导人
- 非洲
- 美洲
- 亚洲
- 欧洲
- 中东
科学家
军事领袖
艺术家
9世纪年历
ja:9世紀
ko:9세기
nb:9. århundre
11世纪
1000年至1099年的这一段期间被称为11世纪。
- 年代 - 世纪 - 千年
重要事件、发展与成就
- 南美洲的印加帝國文明興起。
- 科学技术
- 战争与政治
- 公元11世纪的天灾人祸
- 文化娱乐
- 社會與經濟
- 疾病与医学
- 环境与自然资源
- 宗教與哲學
重要人物
世界领导人
- 中國
- 非洲
- 美洲
- 亚洲
- 欧洲
- 中东
科学家
军事领袖
艺术家
11世纪年历
ja:11世紀
ko:11세기
simple:11th century
th:คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 11
860年代世纪: 8世纪 - 9世纪 - 10世纪
年代: 820年代 - 830年代 - 840年代 - 850年代 -
860年代 - 870年代 - 880年代 - 890年代 - 900年代
历年: 860年 - 861年 - 862年 - 863年 - 864年 -
865年 - 866年 - 867年 - 868年 - 869年
----
大事记
出生
逝世
Category:9世纪
870年代世纪: 8世纪 - 9世纪 - 10世纪
年代: 830年代 - 840年代 - 850年代 - 860年代 -
870年代 - 880年代 - 890年代 - 900年代 - 910年代
历年: 870年 - 871年 - 872年 - 873年 - 874年 -
875年 - 876年 - 877年 - 878年 - 879年
----
大事记
出生
逝世
Category:9世纪
890年代世纪: 8世纪 - 9世纪 - 10世纪
年代: 850年代 - 860年代 - 870年代 - 880年代 -
890年代 - 900年代 - 910年代 - 920年代 - 930年代
历年: 890年 - 891年 - 892年 - 893年 - 894年 -
895年 - 896年 - 897年 - 898年 - 899年
----
大事记
出生
逝世
Category:9世纪
ko:890년대
920年代世纪: 9世纪 - 10世纪 - 11世纪
年代: 880年代 - 890年代 - 900年代 - 910年代 -
920年代 - 930年代 - 940年代 - 950年代 - 960年代
历年: 920年 - 921年 - 922年 - 923年 - 924年 -
925年 - 926年 - 927年 - 928年 - 929年
----
大事记
出生
逝世
Category:10世纪
ko:920년대
940年代
大事记
出生
逝世
Category:10世纪
ko:940년대
历年年是计量地球围绕太阳旋转一周的时间单位。
年的长度取为太阳在天球上沿黄道从某一定标点再回到同一定标点所经历的时间间隔。由于所选取的定标点不同，年的定义也不同，通常有：
- 回归年=贝塞耳年=365.2422日
- 恒星年=365.25636日
- 交点年=346.62003日
- 近点年=365.25964日
1984年起，采用儒略年作为统一的年的时间单位，规定为365.2425日，与回归年相比每3000年误差1日。
现代公历里，平年一年为365天，闰年一年为366天。
Category:时间单位
ja:年
ms:Tahun
simple:Year
zh-min-nan:Nî
901年
----
大事记
- 朝鲜泰封国建国。
- 崔胤等平定刘季述和王仲先发动的内乱。唐昭宗复位。
- 耶律阿保机成为契丹头领。
- 朱温大举进攻李克用。
- 日本五大正史之一《日本三代实录》成书。
出生
-
逝世
- 徐彦若，中国唐朝将军
- 本寂，中国唐朝高僧（出生840年）
- 撒比特·本·古赖，阿拉伯数学家和天文学家（出生约836年）
Category:10世纪
ko:901년
903年
----
大事记
- 弓裔称王，建后高句丽国
- 唐昭宗封王建为蜀王
出生
-
逝世
-
Category:10世纪
ko:903년
904年
----
大事记
-
出生
-
逝世
- 中國皇帝唐昭宗
Category:10世纪
ko:904년
906年
----
大事记
-
出生
-
逝世
-
Category:10世纪
ko:906년
908年
----
大事记
-
出生
-
逝世
-
Category:10世纪
ko:908년
Category:10世纪
ja:Category:10世紀
ko:분류:10세기
simple:Category:10th century
Otacon
Otakon is a fan convention focusing on the art of anime and manga, East Asian culture, and its fandom. The name is derived from the Japanese word otaku, which roughly means fanboy. Otakon is traditionally held some Friday, Saturday, and Sunday during the month of August at the Baltimore Convention Center in Baltimore, Maryland's Inner Harbor district. Run by the Pennsylvania-based non-profit organization Otakorp, Inc., Otakon is one of the largest and longest-running Japanese animation conventions in the United States.
Otakon is run by Otakorp, Inc., an educational non-profit organization whose focus is on using popular culture as a gateway to increase understanding of Asian culture. (Technically, Otakon is the annual meeting of Otakorp, Inc.'s membership.) Otakorp, Inc. also runs anime showings as part of the National Cherry Blossom Festival in Washington, DC.
All staff are unpaid volunteers, although registration tasks are supplemented by temporary workers, and certain services are by contract. As of Otakon 2005, approximately 480 staff were listed on the roster.
__toc__
Programming
Typical Otakon programming includes:
- Several video rooms in which live action Japanese films and anime are shown in various rooms on big screens throughout the convention. Fan-produced anime music videos, in which anime film clips are set against the background of a particular song, are also shown.
- Panels and Workshops on subjects such as voice acting or how to draw manga. Expert guests discuss or show tricks of their trade and field questions from the audience.
- A Dealers' Room in which commercial vendors such as publishers and retailers set up booths and sell their merchandise.
- The Art Show and Artist Alley, in which amateur artists may sign up for a table and display, advertise, sell, and auction their artwork.
- A video game room in which attendees may play a variety of console, arcade, and computer games, and participate in tournaments.
- Musical guests and a rave.
- Cosplay and live-action role-playing. Many attendees spend most of the convention in costume as their favorite anime, manga, or video game character.
Thousands of people attend Otakon each year. Attendees arriving in the morning on Friday or Saturday should expect to wait hours in line to pick up their registration badges. Attendees can arrive on Thursday to pick up their registration badges so they can gain instant access to all the convention events on Friday.
Otakorp maintains relationships with many hotels in the Inner Harbor area, allowing attendees to reserve a certain number of rooms at a discounted rate. These specially reserved rooms are usually booked well in advance of the convention date.
History
Otakon 1994
Otakon started in 1994 at the Days Inn hotel in State College, Pennsylvania with 350 attendees, 4 dealers, 9 American guests, and 16 staff members.
Otakon 1995
For Otakon 1995, Otakon moved to the Scanticon hotel in State College, Pennsylvania and hosted 450 attendees (a 29% increase from 1994), 25 staff members, 15 dealers, 2 Japanese guests, and 14 American guests. It was Otakon's first and only four-day convention. This was the first year to have an live-action video track and the first year to feature live-action role-playing.
Otakon 1996
For Otakon 1996, Otakon moved to the Hunt Valley Marriott hotel in Hunt Valley, Maryland and hosted 1,000 attendees (a 122% increase from 1995), 35 staff members, 20 dealers, 1 Japanese guest, and 9 American guests. There was a impromptu rave at Otakon '96. One staffer developed and released a custom Doom level based on the layout of the hotel.
Otakon 1997
For Otakon 1997, Otakon remained in the Hunt Valley Marriott hotel in Hunt Valley, Maryland and hosted 1,750 attendees (a 75% increase from 1996), 45 staff members, 22 dealers, 3 Japanese guests, and 15 American guests. It was the first year for Otakon's popular event "Mystery Anime Theater 3000" (based on Mystery Science Theater 3000). The "www.otakon.com" domain was officially registered, and the impromptu rave of Otakon '96 became an official event.
Otakon 1998
For Otakon 1998, Otakon moved to the Hyatt Regency Crystal City hotel in Arlington, Virginia and hosted 2,500 attendees (a 43% increase from 1997), 60 staff members, 25 dealers, 2 Japanese guests, and 22 American guests. This was the 5th Otakon held. Otakon 1998 was the last Otakon convention to be held in a hotel and this Otakon had female characters on every membership badge given out to Otakon '98 attendees.
Otakon 1999
For Otakon 1999, Otakon changed venues, for the first time of its history, Otakon, due to its growth, moved from using hotels to using a large convention center. Otakon moved to the Baltimore Convention Center in Baltimore, Maryland, which would remain its official venue for the next 6, soon to be 7, years. Otakon '99 hosted 4,500 attendees (an 80% increase from 1998), 80 staff members, 30 dealers, 5 Japanese guests, and 22 American guests. Otakon's tradition of inviting musical guests began this year with composer Yoko Kanno.
Otakon 2000
For Otakon 2000, Otakon remained in the Baltimore Convention Center and hosted 7,500 attendees (a 67% increase from 1999), 114 staff members, 45 dealers, 6 Japanese guests, 20 American guests, 6 British guests, and 1 guest from Hong Kong. Otakon '00 was host to the British indie band Bôa.
Otakon 2001
For Otakon 2001, Otakon remained in the Baltimore Convention Center and hosted 10,275 attendees (a 37% increase from 2000), 180 staff members, 65 dealers, 4 Japanese guests, and 14 American guests. This was the first Otakon to have the "Otachan" event, a children's programming track. One memorable event of Otakon '01 was the late-night, early-morning "explosions" along Pratt Street due to the July train fire that occurred just weeks before Otakon '01. The BCC was evacuated, and all of the Otakon attendees poured out onto Pratt Street. Fire hydrants were opened, and Pratt Street and adjoining streets became like a river. Many of the evacuated attendees took a break from the convention to play in the gushing streams of water. Pictures of Pratt Street when it was flooded and attendees were playing in the water are available on the internet.
Otakon 2002
For Otakon 2002, Otakon remained in the Baltimore Convention Center and hosted 12,880 attendees (a 25% increase from 2001) and 6 Japanese guests, employed a staff of 285 (all volunteers), and attracted over 130 vendors from all over the world. This was the first year that Otakon occupied the entire Baltimore Convention Center, which is over one million square feet (93,000 m²) in size.
Otakon 2003 / Otakon X / Tenth Anniversary
square feet
For its tenth convention in 2003 Otakon once again took over the entire Baltimore Convention Center. Major musical guests for 2003 were Kristine Sa and Takanori Nishikawa, also known as T.M. Revolution, a popular musical performer in the anime and J-Pop world.
2003 marked the last year of the popular fan event "Mystery Anime Theater 3000".
New at Otakon 2003 was Thursday Night Pre-Registration pickup, where the Convention Center was open the Thursday night before the convention so those who had pre-registered could pick up their badges in advance. An estimated 2,000+ did so.
In 2003, Otakon arguably became the largest anime convention in North America. Its official attendance count of 17,338 was 35% larger than that of 2002. The longtime holder of the crown, Anime Expo in southern California, had approximately 17,000 attendees in 2003 [http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/article.php?id=4461].
Otakon 2004
In 2004, Otakon remained in the Baltimore Convention Center, hosting 20,899 registered attendees (a 21% growth from 2003). Thursday Night Pre-registration pickup was again widely attended.
The Baltimore Area Convention & Visitors Association gave Otakon 2004 the status of a "citywide event".
New events at Otakon 2004 included a collectible card game tournament and a "manga library" in which attendees could read donated copies of various manga. A convention-produced manga magazine, Otazine, featuring original manga by U.S. artists, also made its first appearance this year.
2004 also marked the debut of the Otakon Post Office, a US Postal Service station with its own Otakon-themed commemorative postmark, only available from the USPS booth in the Dealer's Room during the weekend.
Japanese rock band L'Arc-en-Ciel made their first U.S. appearance as Otakon 2004's musical guest. Held in a separate venue, the nearby 1st Mariner Arena, the concert drew an estimated 12,000 -- some of whom were fans who flew in from Japan solely for the concert. Sony Music Japan, who had filmed the concert, released it on DVD in Japan for 4,515 yen (approximately US$40) on 8 December 2004. It was released in southeast Asia by Sony Music Asia on 18 January 2005. Tofu Records, Sony Music Japan's official American label, released the DVD on 31 May 2005, the price is $19.98.
Otakon 2005
2005
Otakon 2005 returned to the Baltimore Convention Center and went from Friday 19 August to Sunday 21 August. It was the first Otakon to be held in the middle of August, which had raised some complaints from prospective attendees due to conflicts with the beginning of the school year in many school districts and universities.
For the first time in Otakon's 12-year history, an attendance cap was instated as a precaution against overcrowding, partly out of concern that the number of attendees might have exceeded the building's maximum capacity according to fire regulations. In 2005, registration was limited to 22,000. One of the reasons for this cap is the Baltimore Convention Center's maximum occupancy rate, depending on precise layout and use, is somewhere between 23,000 and 25,000 (including all staff, guests, dealers, industry, and press); other related reasons are crowd control and public safety. Rather than run afoul of the fire marshall, Otakon's management opted for a number safely below the point at which the fire marshall might have ordered changes.
Otakon 2005 was also the first time attendees could only purchase a three-day pass for the convention. In previous years it was also possible to purchase individual day passes for either Friday, Saturday or Sunday, as well as a two-day pass for both Friday and Saturday, but not Sunday. The reason for only selling a three-day pass was that it would make it easier for Otakon's volunteers to make sure that anyone entering the BCC was permitted to do so. With the convention growing to over 20,000 attendees, it was believed that having several different methods of registration would either cause entry of attendees to the building to be very slow, or would permit people to enter on days they were not registered to do so, and in the end would create too much work for the volunteers.
Otakon 2005 saw the return of the Thursday Night Pre-Registration and was a huge success with hundreds if not thousands of people waiting to obtain their badges and convention materials.
Otakon 2005 saw the return of the Otakon Post Office that first debuted to huge success at Otakon 2004. Also, the layout was adjusted so that large Industry booths had a hall to themselves, though this meant sacrificing a video hall. The 35mm track shared time with simulcast main events, but also gained Dolby surround sound and theatre-style lighting, vastly improving the experience in such a large room.
On July 7th, 2005, Otakon announced its musical guests, the Indigo and Piano Squall. The selection of the Indigo drew controversy from attendees because the Indigo is relatively unknown among anime fans due to the only things they are attributed to is Ai Yori Aoshi and Someday's Dreamers, many attendees were hoping a big name musical act would've been chosen as had been done in 2003 and 2004. (This was despite warnings year-round from staff that Otakon would not be pursuing a similarly large name for 2005.) However, the band's American debut was greeted with much praise from all attendees. In fact, a total of six musical acts performed at Otakon 2005, excluding DJs. This was the first year that Otakon had a stage set up for local live acts. The other bands in attendance (by order of performance) were: Orin([http://www.orinmusic.com www.orinmusic.com]), Entertainment System([http://www.myspace.com/entertainmentsystem www.myspace.com/entertainmentsystem]), and Pine
- AM([http://www.myspace.com/pineam www.myspace.com/pineam]). On August 1st, 2005, Kumiko Kato([http://www.kumikokato.com/home.php http://www.kumikokato.com/home.php]) was added to the list of musical guests. A relative newcomer to the Japanese-pop scene, Kumiko Kato had been touring the convention scene when asked if she would perform at Otakon 2005. Kumiko gave two major performances, one Friday evening (an impromptu concert after the cancelation of Otaku Idol), and a second concert on Saturday before the Masquerade.
In accordance with their stated policy, refunds for Otakon 2005 are only extended in cases of accidental double payments and other technical glitches; refunds are not offered to those who couldn't make it for other reasons. [http://www.otakon.com/news_article.asp?id=150 Information about refunds for Otakon 2005]
Otakon reached its attendance cap (22,000) early Saturday morning, and by mid-afternoon was fending off scalpers. Several badges were confiscated and memberships were revoked for scalping.
Also of note: The Baltimore Ravens had an exhibition game over the weekend, and the convention staff were forced to deal with a sudden influx of curious (and often inebriated) football fans at a time when the building was solidly at capacity.
Otakon was also covered fairly extensively this year by local press, especially local television stations. Usually such coverage is confined to gawking at the costumed weirdos, but the ongoing battle over whether the city would build a Baltimore Convention Center Hotel brought a new angle for reporting. As one of the few city-wide events, and one of the biggest and most reliable customers of the existing Convention Center, Baltimore risks losing millions of dollars in revenue if it cannot meet the demand for additional hotel and function space, and this was mentioned in several news stories. Puffy AmiYumi (who did not perform at Otakon 2005, but had time in their tour schedule to stop by the convention for a pannel discussion) also got a large article in the Baltimore Sun, continuing the tradition of significant coverage of Otakon's musical guests.
Otakon 2006
Baltimore Sun
Otakon 2006 will be August 4th, 5th, and 6th, 2006 at the Baltimore Convention Center Otakorp Inc. has signed hotel contracts with the Days Inn, Holiday Inn, Radisson, Hyatt, Wyndham, Tremont Plaza, and the Renaissance. Since Otakon 2006 will be at the Baltimore Convention Center once again, an attendance cap can be expected. Otakorp Inc. has stated that they will be opening up pre-reg much earlier for 2006. More information will be forthcoming for Otakon 2006.
Less than a month after announcing dates, the three closest convention hotels (Days Inn, Hyatt, and Holiday Inn) sold through all rooms available at the special Otakon rate. (The Days Inn, the least expensive of those hotels, sold out within two weeks, with the hotel reporting that nearly half the rooms were spoken for in the week following Otakon 2005!) It is however worth noting that a significant portion of Otakon staff also room in these hotels (in separate blocks) which reduces the number of available rooms.
The future of Otakon
In light of Otakon's consistent growth and the continuing popularity of anime in North America, it seems likely that Otakon will continue to be held for the foreseeable future. The Baltimore Convention Center is likely to remain the venue for Otakon in future years, mainly due to a lack of other venues of sufficient size in the area.
The possibility of once again holding a four-day convention, as in 1995, has been considered. With several years of experience and an established fan base, Otakorp is theoretically in a better position than ever to hold a longer convention. However, this suggestion seems to come mostly from younger members, and has almost no support among the people actually running the convention. Many dealers and industry participants have stated that an additional day would not bring in enough business to justify their expense, and the overwhelming majority of staff (many of whom vote on convention policy) are quite vocal in their objection to attempting a four-day convention, citing staff exhaustion and high turnover after the much smaller 1995 convention. All staffers are volunteers and already have to take a significant amount of time off from their jobs to set things up for and clean up after the convention. Thus possibilities for a future four-day convention are extremely slim.
Some Otakon staff members, notably Jonathan Harmon, have said that if Otakon outgrows the Baltimore Convention Center, the much larger D.C. Convention Center is under consideration as an alternative venue. On the Otakon BBS, Otakon 2005 con chair, Thomas McMullan stated in a post dated Sunday, September 4th, 2005, that the Baltimore Convention Center Hilton Hotel is under consideration for an alternative venue for certain events, and the additional capacity for rooms and function space would be a big factor in Otakon's future plans. Mr. McMullan stated: "In any event, there is no way the new hotel will be built for 2006 (We've been told to expect it to take two years to build once they break ground), although it will be one of the things we look at as we consider where to go in 2007 and beyond." [http://board.otakon.com/viewtopic.php?t=7108 Source Topic (Requires registration to view)]
Several highly popular events have assumed a life of their own: Artists Alley has become one of the most successful in the country, boasting hundreds of participating artists; Video Gaming now occupies over 50,000 square feet (5,000 m²) of exhibit hall space and in 2005 featured over 125 game stations using broadcast-quality monitors and projection screens; and the Otakon Dance consistently attracts top quality DJs. However, these events are also suffering from the same lack of space for growth that plague the rest of the convention.
Recently on the Otakon BBS, the issue of Otakon moving to possibly the D.C. Convention Center came up again in a topic discussing the feasibility of Otakon having automated video rooms. Otakon 2006 con chair, Jim Vowles stated in a post dated Tuesday, November 29th, 2005, that currently there is no firm decision of moving Otakon to the D.C. Convention Center due to cost and logistics. However, Mr. Vowles stated that Otakon is talking with the Baltimore Convention Center regarding "the possibility of a move [to D.C]." But Mr. Vowles personally states in the post that "the move to DC would be a bigger challenge than some people think -- and the true cost is as yet unknown" and he also states that it would take "at least a year to plan any such move" and within that year "the new [Hilton] hotel next to the BCC will be well underway." He continues with that he's personally not convinced that Otakon "should expend all that effort only to move back when the new facility is built" and that if Otakon does indeed decide to move from Baltimore "it should be considered a more or less permanent move if at all possible." Mr. Vowles continues with: "Realistically, unless the BCC is leveled and rebuilt, it will not be a serious competitor with DC, but it may continue to suit our needs for quite a while. Eventually, we're either going to reach the plateau of our growth, or we're going to need to move, and at that point it's pretty much got to be DC. But Baltimore and the BCC have been our home base since 1999, and we put in two years in Hunt Valley before our big growth in the mid/late nineties. I don't see us casually tossing that history aside.
So in the meanwhile, we continue to investigate the options in ever greater detail. Real hard numbers are the next stage of the game." [http://board.otakon.com/viewtopic.php?t=7413 Source Topic (Requires registration to view)]
Video game link
In 1998, video game publisher Konami released the game Metal Gear Solid, part of its Metal Gear franchise. The game contained a character named Hal Emmerich, who had the code name "Otacon", an alternate spelling for Otakon. Otakorp, Inc., the non-profit organization that runs Otakon and owns the rights to the name, gave permission to Konami to use the name "Otacon" in all Metal Gear Solid games. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty (2001) and Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes (2004), which featured the same character, were released for the Sony PlayStation 2 and Nintendo GameCube, respectively.
External links
- [http://www.otakon.com Otakon official website]
- [http://board.otakon.com Otakon official BBS]
Category:Baltimore, Maryland
Category:Anime conventions
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Blovmuzikilo
Blovinstrumento estas muzika instrumento kiu ofte estas tubo kun buŝpeco kaj ofte fingrotruoj uzata por fari muzikon. Kia longo de la tubo de la muzikilo (kaj la intera aero) estas, tia ton-alto malaltigas.
Blovinstrumentisto povas ludi tonaron per:
- kovri truojn en la flanko de la tubo
- malfermi valvojn por plia longeco en la tubo
- movi glit-mekanismon por longigi la tubon
- vibrigi la aeron je malsama harmona nivelo.
Du oftaj specoj de blovinstrumento estas la
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Feino
Feoj kaj feinoj estas magia malgranda popolo de Eŭropaj fabeloj. Feo ordinare havas insektajn flugilojn.
Feo en Literaturo
Feoj estas en Shakespeare, "Somermeznokta sonĝo." En tiu ĉi verko, la reĝino
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Mandareno
Mandareno estas unu el la ĉinoj, kiuj post ekzameniĝo apartenis al unu el la 9 klasoj de la ŝtatfunkciuloj. En 1898 oni ĉesigis instruadon pri mandareneco.
vortodeveno
La vorto venas prae el la sanksrita "mantrin" konsilisto, ministro, kiu uzatis en la malaja lingvo, kie ĝi signifis la moŝtecon de la propraj kaj la ĉinaj funkciuloj. La ĉinoj uzis por tiu esprimo la vorton "Kuan". La esperanta varianto venis el la internacia mandarin-radiko, sed pro la verŝajna timo pro kolizio kun la frukto mandarino oni antataŭigis la interna
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Ruborezervejo
En ruborezervejo oni rezervas rubon longtempe por laŭeble plej malpli damaĝi la medion.
Historio
Ĝis la 1960-aj jaroj oni rezervis la rubojn en la evoluintaj landoj en privataj rubokavoj. La unua aranĝita ruborezervejo estiĝis en Germanio en 1961 ĉe la urbo Bochum. En 1971 aperis leĝo pri la ruborezervado en Germanio, kio kaŭzis la ĉesigon de la etaj komunumaj rezervejoj, kiuj ne respondis al la novaj antaŭskriboj. En la GDR ekzistis leĝo
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